高中英语高考一轮复习一轮复习 名词冠词教师

专题九名词、冠词基础训练一、基础练习：翻译下列句子（名词和主谓一致）1.一百万美元是一笔大数目。______【答案】Amilliondollarsisalargesum.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略2.老年人在我们村受到了细心的照顾。(takecareof)______【答案】Theoldarewelltakencareofinourvillage.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略3.尽管是节日，我国的部分工人仍然还在工作。(partof)______【答案】Holidayasitis,partofworkersinourcountryarestillworking.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略4.作为高中生，帮助别人是我们的责任。______【答案】Asaseniorhighstudent,helpingothersisourduty/responsibility.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略5.当地震发生时，这位母亲正和她的两个孩子在公园参观。______【答案】Whentheearthquakehappened,themother,aswellashertwochildren,wasvisitingthepark.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略6.中国的人口超过13亿，大约80%是农民。(1300million)______【答案】ThepopulationofChinaisover1,300million,and,about80percentofthemarefarmers/about80percentofwhomarefarmers.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略7.破坏森林的结果是，大量的沙漠吞噬了我的家乡。(cover)______【答案】Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeamountofdeserthascoveredmyhometown.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略8.经过人们的努力，我的家乡三分之一的地区被树木和草覆盖了。(cover)______【答案】Withtheeffortofthevillagers,onethirdofhometowniscoveredbytreesandgrass.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略9.拥有私人轿车的人在增加。(thenumberof,increase)______【答案】Thenumberofpeopleowning/havingprivatecarsisincreasingeveryday./Thenumberofpeoplewhoownprivatecarsisincreasing.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略10.我最好的朋友之一是李华。______【答案】OneofmybestfriendsisLiHua.【分析】本题考查汉译英。【解答】略二、强化训练1.()Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschool______fromthecountryside. A.is B.are C.comes D.arecoming【答案】B【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：我们学校百分之七十的学生来自农村。主语是“百分数+of”短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面的名词来确定。2.()Boththeboyandthegirl______learntFrench. A.has B.have C.are D.is【答案】B【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：这个男孩和这个女孩都学过法语。主语为男孩和女孩两个人，谓语动词用复数形式。3.()Thenumberofpeoplewho______cars______increasing. A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are【答案】C【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：拥有汽车的人的数量正在增加。拥有汽车的是people，所以own用复数形式。增长的是number，所以谓语动词用单数形式。4.()OneofMarx'sworks______WritteninEnglishin1860. A.was B.were C.wouldbe D.are【答案】A【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：马克思的其中一部著作于1860年用英文写成。主语为一部作品，谓语动词用单数形式。5.()Oneachsideofthestreet______alotoftrees. A.stands B.grow C.isstanding D.aregrown【答案】B【分析】本题考查主谓一致及动词辨析。【解答】句意：街道的两旁长了许多树。本题采用倒装结构。还原成不倒装的语序为“Alotoftreesoneachsideofthestreet.”可见，主语为许多树，为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，且树木生长为主动关系。6.()TheArabianNights______wellknowntoEnglishlovers. A.is B.were C.are D.isbeing【答案】A【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：《一千零一夜》这本书对英语爱好者来说都知道。TheArabianNights为一部文学作品的名称，谓语动词用单数形式。7.()Layingeggs______thebeequeen'sfull-timejob. A.is B.are C.has D.have【答案】A【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：产卵是蜂后的全职工作。句子的主语为产卵这项活动，为单数，谓语动词使用单数形式。8.()Betweenthetwobuildings______amonument. A.stand B.stands C.standing D.isstanding【答案】B【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：两座建筑中间坐落着一个纪念碑。本题为倒装句。调整成非倒装的语序为Amonumentbetweenthetwobuildings.主语为amonument，为单数，谓语动词使用单数形式stands。9.()I,who______yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow. A.am B.is C.are D.was【答案】A【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：作为你的好朋友的我，会分享你的快乐和痛苦。定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持主谓一致。10.()TheUnitedNations______in1945. A.werefound B.werefounded C.wasfounded D.wasfound【答案】C【分析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。【解答】句意：联合国于1945年建立。谓语动词使用单数形式。建立的原形为found，过去分词为founded。11.()______werealsoinvitedtotheparty. A.Mr.Smith B.TheSmith C.TheSmiths D.Smiths【答案】C【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：史密斯一家也被邀请参加了派对。题中的谓语动词为复数形式，故主语也应该选一个复数含义的集合名词。“the+姓氏+s”表示一家人，符合句意。12.()Threehourswithyourgirlfriend______tobeashorttime. A.seem B.seems C.isseeming D.hasseemed【答案】B【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：跟你女朋友在一起的三个小时似乎是很短的一段时间。threehours当一个时间段作为整体讲，主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。13.()Thepolice______foraprisoner. A.issearching B.aresearching C.aresearched D.issearched【答案】B【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：警方正在搜寻一个囚犯。thepolice意味警方，是集合名词，主语为复数，谓语动词使用复数形式。14.()Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,______visitBeijingthissummer. A.isgoingto B.aregoingto C.wasgoingto D.weregoingto【答案】A【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：史密斯博士将会和他的妻子和女儿们一起在今年夏天游览北京。句子的主语为史密斯博士，主语为单数，谓语动词使用单数形式。togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters为插入成分。15.()ThemostimpressivesightinChina,oneofthewondersoftheworld______theGreatWall. A.is B.are C.was D.were【答案】A【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：中国最引人入胜的景象，世界奇迹之一，是长城。主语为单数，谓语动词使用单数形式。16.()—HaveyouheardthatJones,alongwithherparents,______toHainanforthewintervacation?—Really?NowonderIhaven'tseenherthesedays. A.hasbeen B.havebeen C.hasgone D.havegone【答案】C【分析】本题考查主谓一致及短语辨析。【解答】句意：——你有没有听说琼斯跟着她的父母亲在寒假的时候去海南了？——真的吗？难怪我这几天没有看到她。主语为琼斯，alongwithherparents为插入成分，谓语动词用单数形式。hasgoneto表示已经去了，尚未回来；hasbeento指去过，已经回来，根据答句句意，应选C。17.()ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities______risingsteadilysince1990. A.is B.are C.hasbeen D.havebeen【答案】C【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：上中国大学的外国学生人数自1990年来稳步增长。主语为人数，是单数，谓语动词使用单数形式。由since1990可知，本题应用完成时，故选hasbeen。18.()Theteachertogetherwiththestudents______discussingReadingSkillsthat______newlypublishedinAmerica. A.are;were B.is;were C.are;was D.is;was【答案】D【分析】本题考查主谓一致。【解答】句意：这位老师正在和学生一起讨论在美国新出版的《阅读技巧》一书。主句主语为theteacher，谓语动词使用单数形式。从句的谓语动词形式与先行词保持一致，先行词ReadingSkills是一本书。练习综合练习1（名词）1.(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,Ihaveconsidereddifferent______(job)Iwouldliketodo.【答案】jobs【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】different修饰可数名词的复数。2.(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)I'ma______(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.【答案】scientist【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据句意和冠词a可知，填scientist“科学家”。3.(2023•浙江)MakingChinese______(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.【答案】dishes【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】分析句意可知，空处应该用名词的复数形式。intheirwork,shepickedupapairof______(scissor).【答案】scissors【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据前面的apairof可知，应用名词的复数。5.(2023•浙江)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein______(weigh)problems.【答案】weight【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】考查名词修饰名词。weightproblems体重问题。______(express)inhereyestoldmesomethingwaswrong.【答案】expression【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】此处应用名词作句子的主语。7.(2023•天津)The______(possible)thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.【答案】possibility【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据冠词the和that后的同位语从句可知，此处用名词possibility。wasoneofthefourAsianstudents,soIenduphangingoutwithother______(minority).【答案】minorities【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据前面的fourAsianstudents可知，此处应用复数。1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible______(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.【答案】crowds【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】考查形容词修饰名词，此处表示“人群”用复数hiswaycanweenjoythepleasureand______(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernaboutbeingcheated.【答案】convenience【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据and和之前的pleasure可知，空处用名词。11.(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe______(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.【答案】introduction【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据冠词the和介词of可知用名词。12.(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher______(educate).【答案】education【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】形容词性物主代词后用名词。13.(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral______(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.【答案】invitations【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】several修饰可数名词的复数。14.(2023•浙江)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall______(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.【答案】carrots【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据空前的ahandfulof及carrot为可数名词可知，此处应该用名词的复数形式。15.(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof______(achieve).【答案】achievement【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】“asenseof+名词”一种…感。综合练2（名词）itevaluateshowwellyoucombineyourlistening,reading,speakingandwriting______(skill)toperformacademictasks.【答案】skills【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】skill“技能”为可数名词，空前无表示单数概念的词，故用其复数形式skills。ofthesehadbenefitedfromthegovernment'sspecialnewpoliciesencouragingpeopletostarttheirown______(business).【答案】businesses【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】business表示“企业”时为可数名词，由their可知用复数。schoolswillhavetomake______(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.【答案】adjustment【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】此处作make的宾语，应用名词形式。instructorkeptrepeatingthe______(word),“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”【答案】words【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据后面的“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”可知用word的复数形式words。oftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2023thatshowedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall______(cause).【答案】causes【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】由all可知用cause的复数。telescopehashelpedustounderstandmoreaboutthe______(evolve)oftheuniverse.【答案】evolution【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】位于about后作宾语，再根据空前的the可知用名词。greatChinesescholarConfuciusinfluencedthe______(develop)ofchopsticks.【答案】development【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】空处作宾语，再根据空前的the可知用名词。wasa______(relieve)tobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.【答案】relief【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据冠词a可知用名词。'swellawareofherstrengthsand______(weak)asanartist.【答案】weaknesses【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据and前的strengths和并列连词and可知用weaknesses。wantmychildrentodevelopan______(appreciate)ofliterature.【答案】appreciation【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据冠词an可知用名词单数。makestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir______(able)to"aircondition"ahouse.【答案】ability【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】their后用名词。hundredsofattractions,Beijingisacitywhichmakesalasting______(impress)onitsvisitors.【答案】impression【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据a可知用名词单数。WHOhasstatedthatofthe56.5million______(die)peryeararoundtheworld,over50percentarecausedbydiseasescloselyassociatedwithunhealthydietandlackofexercise.【答案】deaths【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】数词后用名词。space______(explore)notonlyhasthepotentialtoexpandhumanknowledgeoftheuniversebutalsoextendsthecooperationofmajorpowersinthepeacefuluseofspace.【答案】exploration【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】作conducting的逻辑宾语，用名词。numberofChina'stechnological______(advance)haveappearedintheworld.【答案】advances【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】考查“anumberof+可数名词的复数”。综合练3（名词）Britishhavemany______(tradition)butthereisnothingmorequintessential(典型的)thantakingafternoontea.【答案】traditions【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】由many可知用可数名词复数。,Ithinkteachersandparentsshouldtake______(measure)tolimittheirchildren'sInternettime.【答案】measures【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】考查短语takemeasurestodosth.“采取措施做某事”。isn'tthefirsttimetechnologyhaschangedour______(manner).【答案】manners【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】由our可知用manner的复数形式manners。nurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew______(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum.【答案】days【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】考查短语everyfewdays“每隔几天”。somepartsofChina,ifhalfofthefishiseatenup,aguestshouldn'tturnthefishoverbysaying"fan",whichistheChinesecharacterfor"turnover"andisconsideredbadluckfor______(fisherman)andtheirboats.【答案】fishermen【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据后面的their可知用复数fishermen。hutongisanancientcitystreettypicallyinBeijing,manyofwhichwerebuiltduringtheYuan,MingandQing______(dynasty).【答案】dynasties【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】指元、明、清三个朝代，故用复数dynasties。oftheeffective______(way)tobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.【答案】ways【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】考查名词的复数。由oneof可知后面的名词用复数。popularTVprogramChineseCharacterDictationContesthasbroughtpeople's______(attentive)backtowrittenChinese.【答案】attention【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】名词所有格后用名词。thetemplefairs,youcanenjoyfolk______(perform),andeventraditionalweddingceremonies.【答案】performances【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】考查名词作宾语。carsmaysoonbecomea______(real).UberhasaskedanexpertfromNASAtohelpthecompanydevelopcarsthatcanfly.【答案】reality【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】由a可知用可数名词单数。wasonceacityofbikes,wherecarswerereservedforofficialbusiness.However,decadesofeconomic______(grow)ledtoalargenumberofcarsinthecity.【答案】growth【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】名词作主语。governmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewaterquality.Thisswitchhasdecreased______(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.【答案】pollution【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】名词作宾语。thepoor______(serve)ofthehotel,themanagerisreluctanttoinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.【答案】service【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】形容词修饰名词。hasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop______(attract).【答案】attraction【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】由its可知用名词。综合练4（冠词）1.(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat______topofherlungs.【答案】the【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】atthetopof在……的顶部。2.(2023•全国卷I)As______result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【答案】a【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】asaresult结果。3.(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover______top.【答案】the【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】overthetop在顶部。4.(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas______modelinNewYork.【答案】a【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】表类别，用不定冠词。5.(2023•全国卷I)Istillrememberhowhard______firstdaywas.【答案】the【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】序数词前用定冠词the。6.(2023浙江)ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas______wonder.【答案】a【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】awonder一个奇迹。manythingsinlife,it's______ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement.【答案】an【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】表示数量“一”，用不定冠词，an用于读音以元音音素开头的单词前。8.(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemabout______hourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.【答案】an【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】表示数量“一”，用不定冠词，an用于读音以元音音素开头的单词前。9.(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor______while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.【答案】a【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】forawhile一会儿。10.(2023•浙江)Everytimehearrivedhomeat______endoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.【答案】the【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】attheendoftheday在一天结束时。11.(2023•全国卷I)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,______otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.【答案】the【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】one….theother...一个……另一个……。12.(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleabout______world.【答案】the【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】theworld世界，世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。13.(2023•浙江)Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversin______hurryinthemorning.【答案】a【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】inahurry匆忙。onewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuch______distinguishedwriter.【答案】a【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】“such+a+形容词+单数可数名词”为固定搭配。is______greathonourformetotakepartinthevolunteerwork,andIlearnthesignificanceofhelpingothers.【答案】a【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】agreathonour莫大的荣幸。综合练5（冠词）schoolwecantake______schoolbustogohome,whichisveryexcitingaswecantalkwitheachother.【答案】the【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】taketheschoolbus乘坐校车。lastthingformewastogoon______helicopterride.【答案】a【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】表示泛指，用不定冠词。acounterwenoticedthat______foreignerwastalkingtoaclerk,buttheclerkdidn'tunderstandw