2021届高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导学案20210507154

2021届高英语二专题复介词和词短语学案20210507154【考解】介词是英语中比较活跃的,它名词词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。介词的考查形式多样除了单纯考查介词,还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此,在定语从句中,常考查“介+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较如with,等【习学一、介词1．表示方位的at,in,on,to,beside/by和near介词atinontobeside/by

用法一样指在较小的地点一样指在较大的地点，或在某一范畴内一样指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域表示某范畴外不接壤的两位置“在……的旁边”

示例Imethim______theshop.Theyarrived_____Beijingyesterday.Shandong_____theeastofChina.Thepictureishanging_____thewall.Vietnamis_____thesouthofChina.JiangsuProvinceis______thesoutheastofHebeiProvince.Shewasstanding_______hermother.Thereisasmallhouse_____theriver.near“近；靠近”2．表示方位的between和among

Thereisasupermarket______myhome.介词between

用法在两者或每两者之间

示例Isatdown________SueandJane.1/19

among

在三者或三者以上之间

Theteacherstanding________thestudents.3．表示方位的across,through,和past介词across

用法从……的表面穿过

示例Hewalked______squaretomeetus.从……的内部throughTheguideledus________theforest.穿过overpast

从……的上面跨过从……的旁边通过

Thethiefjumped______thefenceandfledaway.Shewalkedtheshop.4．表示时刻点的at,in和on介词atinon

用法表示在某个时刻刻重大节日表示在某个较长的时刻，世、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上

示例___：00;___noon;___daybreak;_____Christmas____the21stcentury;_____September;____themorning____2nd,September;____themorningof1st,May5．表示时刻段的和since介词forsince

用法＋时刻段”意为“多长时刻表动作连续的时刻长一作完成时、过去时或今后时的时刻状语“since＋时刻点”意为“自从过去某时以”，作完成时的时刻状语

示例Hehaslivedthesmallvillage_____fiveyears.IstudiedinPekingUniversity___4years.Hehasworkedinthiscompany____graduation.Tomhasbeendoinghishomework_____7o’clock.6．表示交通方式的by,in和on介词by

用法“by＋名词”表示交通方式词2/19

示例Mybrotherusuallygoestoschool

in/on

前不加冠词in/on后名词必须有冠词或代等修饰

__bike.Myfatheroftengoestowork__hiscar/___hisbicycle.7．表示“用……”的by,in和with介词byinwith

用法指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词多用于表示语言、材料的名词前多用于表示有形的工具或躯体器官的名词前

示例Hemadealiving___sellingnewspaperswhenhewasyoung.Alltheapplicantsarerequiredtofill____theforminTheyarebusydigging_____spades.8．表示“除……外”的except,except和besides介词exceptexceptforbesides

用法表示“除……之外(其他的都”其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的表示“除……之外(其他的也”其后的宾语是被包括在内的

示例Allmyfriendstookpartinparty______John.Hiscompositionisgood_______afewspellingmistakes.HehaslearnedGerman,French______English.9．其他常考介词的用法(1)against的用含义

示例Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecause(表示态度反themajorityofthecommitteemembersare_______it.(表示对比以…为背景(表示方位倚着……(2)beyond的法含义

Theskier’sredclothesstoodoutclearly_______thesnow.Thegirlwasleaning______herarmsfolded.示例(表示置)在……另一边，在…更远3/19

Thesmallvillageis20miles______

处

thetown.(表示时刻晚……

Hedelayedthematter______thefixedtime.Tobeacknowledgedasthefirstto(表示程度超，非……所能及receivethishonor_______expressioninwordsfor(3)over的法含义

示例Theairplaneflew______the(表方位越过mountainsanddisappearedinthedistance.Hegotthejobbecausehehasthe(表等级或数目)高于，在……上，超过advantage______othersknowingmanylanguages.IsorryIdidnphoneyou,but(表时刻或过程)在……期间’vebusy_____thepastcoupleofweeks.(4)to的法含义(表示方向、距离到向，去(表示时刻直……为止，到(表示较、比例、参照)与…相比，相关于……而言(表示对象关系)属于，对，给达到(某一点或某个限度的法含义在……下面，在……之下

示例Itwasontheway____therailwaystation.Hewakesatquarter_____sixeverymorning.Ipreferorangestoapples.Thehospitalisattached____theuniversity.Temperaturesdropped_____25degreesbelowzero.示例Sheplacedtheladder______thewindow.4/19

在……过程中(数字、数量、年龄或价低于少于，在……以下受……阻碍(6)with的法含义

Thepossibilityofemployingmorestaffisstill______discussion.Thesetoysarenotsuitableforchildren______five.Shebeen______alotofpressureatwork.示例和……一起，和，同，跟(表同或同一方向)随

Wouldyouliketogoshopping______？_______timegoingby,thehasgrown着

up.具有，带有由于，因为(表示方式用

ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butdonenoughmoney_____me.Hetrembledfear.Hecutit______aknife.二、介词短语介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。①Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadthevillagerswithoutforanythinginreturn.(2020·浙高)当詹姆斯住在那个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报。②Startingyourcouldbewaytoachievingfinancialindependence.theotherhand,itcouldjustputyouindebt.(2020·西高)自己做生意或许是获得经济独立的一种方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。知识积存介词的常用搭配一览1．介词与名词的常用搭配(1)at表示状态ataloss不所措atwar在争中(2)其他以开头的介词短语atthebeginningofatthecostofattheriskofatthemercyof

atpeace处和平中atwork在工作在……的开始以……的代价冒……的危险在……支配下；任由……摆布5/19

(3)on表示状态onexhibition/show在展出onsale出，打折

onfire着火ontheway在途onthedecrease/increase在在增加onholiday/vacation在度假onduty/guard在班站岗(4)其他以开头的介词短语onaccountof因为onnoaccount/condition决不(5)by表示方式byaccident偶然bychance偶然byhand用工bytheday按天(6)in表示方式incash用金付款indepth在度上insize在小上inlength在长上(7)其他以开头的介词短语inneedof需inno赶inplaceof代替inadditionto另外inresponseto作回应inspiteof尽管infavorof支持，赞成incaseof万；假如；假如incelebrationof为祝……incontrolof治理操纵；操纵inhonourof为向……表示敬意inmemoryof为了纪念……insupportof为支……inthechargeof在…的治理下

onbehalfof代byair/plane乘机bycoincidence碰bymistake错地bynature天生inwidth在度上indetail详细inheight在高上inEnglish用语innocase决innoway决不inpossessionof拥，有inchargeof掌……inreturn作为报inexchangefor作为交换6/19

inthedirectionof在…方向inthefaceof面…(8)of表示特点(等于相应的容)ofbenefit有益的ofhelp关心的ofimportance重的ofuse有的(9)out＋n.表示状态outofbalance失平稳outofcontrol不操纵outofdebt不欠债outofshape走，不成形outofthequestion不能(10)under表示被动underattack遭到突击underpressure在力下undercontrol处操纵之中＋n.表示方式withdelight/joy快地withease轻而举地

ofsignificance有义的ofvalue有值的outofbreath上气不接下气outofdate过outoforder出故outofsight看不outofwork失underdiscussion在讨论中undertreatment在疗中underconstruction在筑中withdifficulty困地withfear可地withpleasure乐地(12)beyond表示“超出……难以……”beyondcompare无与比beyonddescription难以述beyonddoubt不怀疑，确实beyondexpression/words难表达2．介词与形容词的常用搭配(1)bebeanxiousaboutbecuriousaboutbeparticularaboutbeworried/concernedabout(2)be＋atbeangryat因…动气beastonishedat对…惊

beyondreach够不担忧……对……好奇对……讲究/挑对……担忧begoodat擅长bepresentat出席7/19

bedisappointedat对…败兴(3)be＋inbeabsorbedin用于……bedressedin穿……berichin富含……

beactivein积极于……beengagedin忙……beoccupiedin忙……beinterestedin对…爱beinvolvedin包在……中，被卷入(4)be＋forbeeager期……befitfor适合，胜任……beready预好……

befamous以…闻名behungry期……besorryfor对……感到抱歉bethankfulfor因……而感激beanxiousfor急希望，期望……bepreparedfor为……做好预(5)bebeabsentfrom缺befarfrom远离(6)be＋tobecloseto接……bedevotedto致于……

bedifferentfrom不于befreefrom不受……阻碍becontraryto与相beequalto等……befamiliarto对…来说熟befriendlyto对…友好begoodto对…有好处beharmfulto对…有危害beopposedto反……be/getusedto(变得)适应于…(7)be＋ofbeawareof意到……befullof充满…beshortof缺……beashamedof为…感到羞耻(8)bebebusywith忙……becombinedwith与…结合becoveredwith被……覆盖

begratefulto对…心存感激bekindto对…友好besimilarto与……相似befondof喜爱…beproudof因…而自豪betiredof厌……befilledwith充满becontentwith对…中意befamiliarwith对…熟悉8/19

bepatientwith对…有耐心bewith受……的欢迎besatisfiedwith对……中意bepleasedwith对…感到中意byangrywith(sb.)对某)怒beconcernedwith与……有关；涉及，关怀，关注【点突破】考点语境词义辨析1.Thedictionaryiswordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesincewaspublished.(2021·天津，2)A.outofcontrolC.outofsight

B.outofdateD.outofreach2.Haveyoueverheardthetreesthatarehomes________animalsbothonlandandsea？(2020·浙江，A．aboutC．with

B．toD．over3.Mostpeopleworkbecauseitunavoidable.________，therearesomewhoactuallyenjoywork.(2020·江10)A.AsaresultC.Bycontrast

B.InadditionD.Inconclusion4.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound________ThomasEdison.(2020·江苏，A.thankstoC.asidefrom

B.regardlessofD.butfor5.Thismeetinganonsmokingarea.Iwouldtowarnyouifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.(2020·湖30)A.inadvanceC.intotal

B.indetailD.ingeneral6.Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma________thearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.(2020·陕西，A.onB.byC.inD.at7.Acommonmemorytheyallhave________theirschooldaysistheschooluniform.(2020·福建，A.of考点归纳

B.onC.toD.with9/19

1．几组常见的介词短语(1)out＋词outofquestion毫疑问outofthe不可能outoforder次颠倒outofsight看不见；outofplace不适outofpity出同情；outofcuriosity出好奇(2)in＋词inpower掌；goodcondition状良好in失望地inpublic/secret公地/隐秘地；tears哭；ingood/badrepair保养得不行；charge负，掌管inahurry匆忙；in动；introuble有难(3)in＋词＋介词incaseof以万；honorof为纪念……；infavor支持；inof为了纪念……；inchargeof负；termsof从……角度inof需；praiseof夸；viewof鉴；inreturnfor为对……的回报inresponseto对……的答复或反应＋词undercontrol受控underattack遭到攻击under在行中；underdiscussion在讨论；underconsideration在论考虑中(5)at＋词atwork在作；at在耍atdinner在饭；at轻，自由悠闲atwar在打仗(6)on＋词on着；purpose有地on值日；on在；onleave在休假；onholiday在度假；onawalk在散步；ontherise/fall上/下；onsale出售；onshow/exhibition展business出wayto在去……的路avisit/trip/tour出行(7)toone’s＋情感名词toone’ssurprise令某人惊奇的是toone’sjoy使某人快乐的是；toone’sdisappointment令某败兴的；toonedelight使某人快乐的是2．注意下列短语中介词的用法fornothing不花，免费comeacrosstheroom穿房feellikedoingsth.想做某事getpaidbytheweek按周获酬劳beparticularabout...对…求、挑剔with中地besecondto不于任何；不比任何东西差10/19

onone’s独地ingreatquantity大量地，大量ingreatdemand需求量专门大takeaturnforthe正朝更好的方向进展keepaneyeon照看照管withthehelpof在…的关下undertheleadershipof在…的领导下thearticleinthenewspaper报上的文章abirdinthe树的鸟applesonthetree树上苹ticketsfortheconcert音会的票inthedirectionof朝……的方向fromthedirectionof从…方向setanexampletosb.给某人立榜样3.下短语中to为介belongto属于datebackto追到lookforwardto希；期望beaddictedto沉于beaccustomedto适于be/getusedtodoing...适应做……bedevotedto...致于……stickto坚持【法结方法1汉对比法在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范畴的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词这时能够依照其汉语意思来解答此类试题。(1)Donyouthinkthisshirtistootight________shoulders?A.acrossC.above

B.overD.through(2)Seanhasformedthehabitofjoggingthetreelinedavenuefortwohourseveryday.A.betweenC.below

B.alongD.with11/19

(3)FourChinesemodelswere________14peopleawardedprizesonFridayattheWorldSupermodelCompetition.A.amongC.along

B.betweenD.beside方法2固短语法关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也确实是那个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，如此问题就会专门快解决。(1)Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowup________influencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.(2021·浙7)A.onB.inC.atD.about(2)Myfather________goingtotheWestCoastbecauseitwascrowdedwithtourists.A.byB.onC.forD.against(3)Agreatmanshowshisgreatness________thewayhelittlemen.A.underB.withC.onD.by方法3利置入法解决介词短语的相关题目关于介词短语的相关题目，一样采纳将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键确实是平常多积存相关知识，然后读明白题干的含义。(1)Thatmanis，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.________，hereliable.(2021·浙6)A.OrelseC.Bytheway

B.InshortD.Foronething(2)Iguesswe’vealreadyaboutthisbeforebutI’llaskyouagainjust________.A.bynatureC.incase

B.inreturnD.bychance(3)________hisbeinglateagain，helostjobandhadtostayathome.A.OwetoC.Incaseof【展交流】[典题精选①(2020·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Tonysawatoyonshopwindow.②(2021·云南省统一检

B.AsresultofD.Becauseof[我来改正]①____________②____________12/19

[常设误点(1)介词与名词搭配不当介词与名词搭配时用哪一个介词取决于其后的名这要依照名词选择适当

测Thebridgeontheriverhasalonghistory.(2020·陕西高考)Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.(2021·潍坊市一模)Youshouldeatmorefruitandvegetables,whicharerichofvitamins.①(2020·四川高考Pleasemeandgivemesomeadvice.②(2020·陕西高soccercoachretiredinlastweek.(2020·四川高考)Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatdoorwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.(2020·浙江高考)Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed,theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein.

__________________________①_________________②___________________________________________________

的介词。(2)介词与动词搭配不当介词与动词搭配时介词的使用取决于动时要依照动词选择适当的介词。(3)介与形容词搭配不当介词与形容词搭配时介词的使用是由形容词决定这要依照形容词选择适当的介词。(4)介词的余外①及物动词后直截了当跟宾语，无需加介词；②last,next后名词表时刻时前面无需加介词。介的缺失不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。(6)适搭配中介词的错用在适应搭配中介词的使用是相对固定不随意改动。【堂标Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的介词1．Mostpeopleworkbecauseit'sunavoidable.________contrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.2．Thesecommentscameinresponse________specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocal13/19

newsmen.3．Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes________animalsbothonlandandsea?4．Lastyearwasthewarmestonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃_____theaverage.5．Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldbebut________ThomasEdison.6．Theybelievethattherearetransportdevelopments________thecornerthatwillbringalotofchangesforthebetter.7．Acommonmemorytheyallhave________theirschooldaysistheschool8．Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmony________nature.9smeetingroomisanonsmokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou______advancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.10．Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma________thearmandwalkedheracrossthe11．Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthealmostwent________theroad.12．Ourclubisopeneveryoneregardless________age,sexoreducationalbackground.13．Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutforanything________return.14．Facinguptoyourproblems________runningawayistheapproachtoworkingthingsout.15．TheScottishgirl________blueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.Ⅱ.语篇填空用适当的介词填)Itwas__1__asunnymorningthatIdeliveredspeech__2__behalfmyclass.Regardless__3__thewarmthoftheImanagedtocalmdownandmakemy__4__thepoint.Thespeechwasabouthowtosavetheearth__5__anefficientway.Interms__6__savingenergy,Italked__7__detail.Allpeoplepresentwasabsorbed__8__listeningtothespeech,whichmademefeel__9__ease.__10__short,itwasthemostsuccessfulspeechIhadever14/19

参答【习学一、介词1．onininonontobesidebynear2.betweenamong3.acrossoverpast4.atatatatinininonon5.forforsincesince6.byinon15/19

7.byinwith8.exceptexceptbesides9．(1)againstagainstagainst(2)beyondbeyondbeyond(3)overoverover(4)totototo(5)underunderunderunder(6)withWithwithwithwith【点突破】考点语境词义辨析1.答B解析考“outof＋名词”型词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增加了许多单词。outofdate过时符合语境outofcontrol失；ofsight看不见；outofreach够着2.答B解析考查固定搭配。句意为：听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗behometo为定搭配，意为“是……的栖息地，是……的家园”。3.答C解析考介词短语辨析。句意：大多数人工作因为这是无法幸免的，相比之下，也有一些人确实喜爱工依语境可此表示前后对。bycontrast相之符语aresult结果；addition另，此外inconclusion之。4.答D解析考介词短语辨析。句意：假如没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是可不能显现的。thanksto幸亏由于regardlessof不管，不顾；asidefrom除，除…以外；for要是，假如没的话。由句意知选D项5.答A解析考“in＋名词”型短语义辨析。句意为：那个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提早提醒假你在那个地点吸你将会被罚依照题干中that导的宾语从句可说话者是在“早”告诉对方这一事实，因此选择inadvance详地intotal总；general样来说。6.答B解析句为：那个小学生搀着奶的胳膊，送她过了街道。“动词＋sb.＋词＋the＋体16/19

部位”是适应用法，依照躯体的不同的部位变化介词，如heface等。7.答A解析考查介词的用法。句意为他们对校园岁月的共同经历确实是校服。本句使用了hamemoryof这一配，意为“对……的经历”。【法结方法1汉对比法(1)答A解析句为：难道你不觉得这衬衣肩部太紧了？acrosstheshoulder从肩一边到另一边。over，above指在方；through指事物的内部穿过。(2)答B解析句意：Sean差不多养成每天沿林荫大道慢跑两个小时的适在者之间；along沿着below在……下方with……在一起，用，随着。(3)答A解析句为：在周五的世界超大赛上，四位中国模特跻身14位奖选手当中。among位于……(两者以上)之间；betwee