高中英语外研版Module1SmallTalk module1sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing情态动词的用法阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1．Insomecountries，forexample，youhavetoarriveontimeataparty；inothercountries，youdon'tneedto.2．Somehostsexpectflowersorasmallgift，butinotherplaces，youcantakethings，butyouneedn'tifyoudon'twantto.3．—Didtheimmigrationpeopleasktoseeyourvisa?—didn'tneedtogetavisa.4．MyAmericanfriendTomspokegoodChinese，soIdidn'tneedtotranslatethespeechforhim.5．Iwasthefirsttogoneedn'thavegonetheresoearly.6．Iofferedtohelphimwiththehouseworkandthenhetoldmehehadneedn'thavedonethat.一、need的基本用法1．用作实义动词，后可接名词、代词、不定式和动名词，有时态、人称和数的变化。MarkneedstolearnChinesesincehiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开一个分公司。Thedoctorsaidheneededanoperation.医生说他需要手术。[名师点津]当主语是表示“物”的名词时，则作实义动词的need后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，这时，needdoing＝needtobedone。Adogneedstakingout/tobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.狗得每天带出去遛。2．用作情态动词，后接动词原形，常用于否定句和疑问句中。Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.你今天不必把那项工作做完。Needhecomehere?他有必要来吗？3．由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或haveto；否定答语常用needn't。—NeedIanswerthequestion?——我需要回答那个问题吗？—Yes，youmust./Yes，youhaveto./No，youneedn't.——是的，你必须回答。/是的，你得回答。/不，不必了。二、didn'tneedtodo和needn'thavedonedidn'tneedtodo表示过去没必要做某事，实际上也没做。needn'thavedone表示过去没必要做某事，而实际上做了，常译成“本没有必要做……”。Mary'sboyfrienddrovetopickherup，soshedidn'tneedtotakeataxi.玛丽的男朋友开车去接她，因此她没必要打出租车了。(不需要打出租车，事实上也没打出租车)ItwasSunday，soIdidn'tneedtogetupearly.因为是星期天，所以我没必要早起。(不需要早起，事实上也没早起)Weneedn'thavetakenataxitogettothewasonlyfiveminutes'walk.我们本没有必要乘出租车到博物馆的，走五分钟就到了。(本没有必要乘出租车，但乘坐了)Themanagerneedn'thavecleanedtheroombecauseitwasjustcleanedbyhisassistant.经理本没有必要打扫房间，因为他的助手刚刚打扫过了。(本没有必要打扫，但打扫了)[名师点津](1)在didn'tneedtodo中，need是实义动词；在needn'thavedone中，need是情态动词。(2)need作实义动词时，常接名词、代词和动词不定式作宾语。当need的主语和need后面的动词是被动关系时，need后面接tobedone/doing。(3)need作情态动词时，用于否定句和疑问句，后面接动词原形。(4)回答NeedI．..？肯定回答用：Yes，youmust；否定回答用：No，youneedn't/don'tneedto/don'thaveto。三、情态动词＋havedone的几种形式及其意义\a\vs4\al(表示对过,去的猜测)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(musthavedone肯定做过,may/mighthavedone,或许做过,can't/couldn'thavedone,不可能做过))\a\vs4\al(表示抱怨、,埋怨、后悔)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(couldhavedone本来能做但没有做,mighthavedone本来可以做但没有做,shouldhavedone本来应该做但没有做))Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundisstillwet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。(对过去的肯定推测)Ican'tfindmypursemighthaveleftitinthetaxi.我的钱包现在找不到了。我可能把它忘在出租车里了。(对过去的推测，也许/或许做了某事)Youcouldn'thaveknownabouthimtenyearsago，whenhewasstillunknown.十年前你不可能了解他，那时他还不出名。(对过去的推测，不可能做过某事)Youcouldhaveusedmycardidn'tuseit.你昨天本可以用我的汽车。那时我用不着它。(过去本来能做某事，但没有做)Oh，Mom！Youneedn'thavepreparedsomuchandDianawillnotcomebackforsupper.哦，妈妈！你本不必做这么多饭。爸爸和黛安娜不回来吃晚饭了。(过去不必做，但实际上做了)Ⅰ.单句语法填空【导学号：38300005】1．Itisobviousthatthegardenneeds(water)．2．Wedon'tneed(get)intoanargumentoverthis.3．Youneedn't(tell)himthehadalreadyknownit.4．Theboycan't(finish)readingthebooksosoonbecauseitisdifficultevenforanadult.5．Youmight(refuse)heratthebeginning，butnowitistoolate.【答案】tobewateredget3．havetoldfinishedrefusedⅡ.单句改错1．Weneedbuyticketsinadvance.2．Thefloorneedscleanrightnow.3．Youneedn'tworkedthatlatelastnight，whichwasharmfultoyourhealth.4．Itmustn'thaverainedlastnight，forthegroundisdrynow.5．Youneedn'ttogotothebankthismorning.【答案】后加to→cleaning3．needn't后加have't→can't/couldn't5．去掉第一个to如何写提供建议的电子邮件1．概念：提供建议的电子邮件和书信一样，有称谓、正文和结尾署名。发件人在邮件中要向收件人提出建议和忠告。2．分类：(1)写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的建议和看法。(2)写给某个组织机构，就改进其服务提出建议和忠告。3．内容安排：(1)写出发邮件的原因和背景。(2)建议的内容及提出建议的理由。(3)对收件人的祝福和祝愿。4．语言特征：(1)建议要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。(2)提出的理由要入情入理，语气一定要委婉，礼貌当先。5．注意事项：语言简明扼要的同时要委婉有礼貌。[亮点句式]一、建议信开头常用句式1．Iwassopleasedtohearfromyou，andIamwritingtogiveyousometipsonjobinterview.2．NicetoreceiveyourletteraskingmeforadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.二、表达建议1．InreplytoyourletterabouttheCollegeEntranceExaminationthisyear，letmetellyouthat...2．Inmyopinion，itwouldbebetter...3．Itshouldbeagoodideato...4．Youwillbenefitfrom...5．AsfarasIamconcerned，you'dbetter...6．I'dliketosuggestyouthat...7．What'smore，itwillbehelpfultoyouthat...8．IfIwereyou，Iwould...9．You'dbettertakesomemeasurestodo...10．It'ssuggestedthat...11．WhatIwanttostressisthat...12．Finally，don'tforgettodo...三、建议信结尾常用句式1．Waitingforyourgoodnews.等待你的好消息。2．Goodluckwithyourinterview.祝你面试好运。3．I'mexpectingtohearfromyouassoonaspossible.我期待着你尽早回信。【写作任务】假如你是Mary，你的朋友Simon给你发来邮件向你征求学习英语的方法。请你就下面的内容给他回复，并谈谈自己的想法或建议。1．朗读背诵，帮你记忆，养成用英语思维的习惯。2．多听，多交际，可以提高听说能力。3．……(自己的想法或建议)注意：1．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2．词数100左右。[审题谋篇]体裁电子邮件话题提出建议时态一般现在时人称第一和第三人称[遣词造句]Ⅰ.词汇1．learnheart/keepmind 记住2．develop/formahabitof 养成……习惯3．communicatewithsb. 与某人交流4．keepadiary 写日记Ⅱ.句式1．首先你要时常朗读英语，尽量记住一些重点知识。(一句多译)①Firstofall，youshouldoftenreadEnglishaloudandtrytolearnsomethingimportantbyheart.②Tobeginwith，youshouldmakeitaruletoreadEnglishaloudoftenandtryyourbesttokeepsomethingimportantinmind.2．用这种方法你就能改进你的听说能力。(一句多译)①Inthisway，youwillimprovebothyourlisteningabilityandyourspokenEnglishaswell.②OnlyinthiswaywillyougetimprovednotonlyinyourlisteningabilitybutalsoyourspokenEnglish.3．另外，你应该多听，多与其他人用英语交流。Besides，youshouldlistenalotandcommunicatewithothersinEnglish.4．另外，你应该每天用英语写日记，这样你的写作会变得越来越好。(一句多译)①What'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheverydayandyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.②What'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheveryday，bydoingwhichyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.[妙笔成篇]【参考范文】DearSimon，IhavereceivedyourletteraskingmeforadviceaboutlearningI'dliketotellyouhowyoushouldlearnEnglish.Firstofall，youshouldoftenreadEnglishaloudandtrytolearnsomethingimportantbyheart，whichhelpsyoutorememberthemeasilyandformagoodhabitofthinkingin，youshouldlistenalotandcommunicatewithothersinthisway，youwillimprovebothyourlisteningabilityandyourspokenEnglishas'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheverydayandyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.IhopewhatI'vesaidisusefulto'mlookingforwardtoyourgoodnews.Bestwishes.Mary学业分层测评(三)Ⅰ.完成句子1．Itturnedouttobeasmallhouse(没必要盛装打扮)．2．I(不需要打出租车)；it'swithinwalkingwewalkedthere.3．Withthepopularityofprivatecars，roadconditions(需要改善)．4．I(没必要早起床)thismorning，soIstayedinbeduntil9a．m.5．You(需要等着我)attheschoolgate.【答案】'thavedressedup'tneedtotakeataxiimproving/needtobeimproved'tneedtogetupearlytowaitformeⅡ.阅读理解A(2023·全国甲卷)AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst­ratephoto­journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastfact，theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海滩),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegianbuiltthree­masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall，tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica'sWeddellthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthadScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell­researchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercial'slastjourney，completedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrew,aonetimeBritishmerchant­navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic，washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。1914年到1916年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难，其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。1．WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A．Theyweremadelastweek.B．Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C．Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D．Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.【解析】细节理解题。由题干中的thephotostakenbyHurley定位到文章第二段开头。该段说这些照片即使是上个星期拍的也堪称佳作，故A项错误；该段中还说照片是在一次海难之后拍的，故D项正确；文章没有说拍摄的是海底景观，故B项错误；拍摄者是摄影师，但没有说是一名摄影师发现了这些照片，故C项错误。【答案】D2．WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A．FrankHurley.B．ErnestShackleton.C．RobertFalconScott.D．CarolineAlexander.【解析】推理判断题。由题干中的“第一个到达南极”这条信息定位到第三段。被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比RobertFalconScott船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断RobertFalconScott是最先到达南极的人，故选C项。【答案】C3．WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A．Artisticcreation.B．Scientificresearch.C．Moneymaking.D．Treasurehunting.【解析】细节理解题。题干的Alexander在最后一段出现，the1914voyage指本文谈到的Endurance这艘船的探险，该段开头说，这个作家在她的小说TheEndurance中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(athoroughlycommercialeffort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是赚钱(moneymaking)，故选C项。A项“艺术创作”，B项“科学调研”，D项“寻宝”，均未体现。【答案】CBHeadingofftocollegethisyear？Herearesomefashiontipsfromourexpertsyoushouldkeepinmind：Dresstoimpress:StylistandbusinessconsultantDanielaSmithsays，“Girlsshouldkeepinmindthatyourcollegeprofessorswilloftenbethebridgethatconnectsyoutoyourfuturecareerandyourclassmateswillbecomeyourprofessionaldon'tneedtodresslikeyou'regoingtotheoffice，butyoushoulddisplayanabilitytoproperlypresentyourselfwithappropriatematurityandconfidence，andlookput­together.”Logomania(品牌狂热症)：Wearingthelogosofbrandsaimedatyoungercustomersphysicallyidentifiesyouaspartofthatagegroup，soconsiderthetargetedagegroupofthestoresyoushop'stemptingtoloaduponlogos，especiallywell­knownlogosthatsignifyhigh­endconsiderthis:collegeisatimeofself­discovery，achancetodevelopyourownpersonalofwearinglogosheadtotoe，“walkingadvertisement”style，whynotexpresswhoyoureallyare?Wearrealpants:Thecombinationofleggingsandbaggyshirtsisalltoocommononcollegepointsoutthatleggings，yogapants，andsweatpantsareentirelyunacceptableinpublicunlessyou'releggingswornaspantsareacommontrendamonghighschoolandcollegegirls，theyarenotanappropriatechoiceforayoungwoman，yourstylechoiceshouldbegintoreflectyourmaturity，getridofleggingsandwearrealpants!Keepthecutefactortoaminimum:StayawayfromsweatersandT­shirtswithsmilinganimals，cartooncharacters，orHelloKittyon，kittensmightbecute，butthey'renotdoingyouanyfavorsinthestyletoocutesycantakeyearsoffyourlook，andnotnecessarilyinagoodway!【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。大学生怎么穿着才算得体，专家就这个方面提出了一些建议……4．Thesecondparagraphindicatestheimportanceof．A．impressingprofessorsB．gettingonwellwithclassmatesC．creatingaprofessionalimageD．dressingappropriately【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知，D项正确，本段主要强调穿着要得体。【答案】D5．Theauthorrecommendswearingrealpantsbecause．A．leggingsandbaggyshirtsaretoocommonB．yogapantsandsweatpantsarenotsocomfortableC．realpantscanpresentyouwithappropriatematurityD．peoplelikerealpantsbetterthantheotherpants【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句话“Asayoungwoman，yourstylechoiceshouldbegintoreflectyourmaturity，getridofleggingsandwearrealpants！”可知答案选C项。【答案】C6．What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardssweaterswithanimalsonthem?A．Theymakepeoplelooklovely.B．Theyareveryfashionablethesedays.C．Theywillshowyou'reananimallover.D．Theyarenotsuitableforcollege­agedstudents.【解析】细节理解题。文章最后一段的最后一句话的意思是：穿着有像小猫、小狗这样可爱动物图案的衣服，显得与你的年龄不相符。由此可知D项正确。【答案】D7．Inwhichmagazinewouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A．BusinessWeek. B．Parents.C．Style. D．Travel&Leisure.【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是大学生如何着装才最合适，这属于时尚(style)方面的话题，因此C项符合文意。【答案】CⅢ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2023·四川高考)Thegiantpanda1.(love)bypeoplethroughoutthescientists2.(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornwasavery3.(care)25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomething4.(eat)！Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitsmellmightattractnatural5.(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlemotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahuman.itcried，sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingmothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda7.morethantwothattime，thepandanolongerneeded8.(it)motherfor，itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysofthe，aftertwoandahalfyears，themother9.(drive)theyoungpandawastimeforhertohaveanewbaby，10.itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家最近对一只野生雌性大熊猫和她刚出生的大熊猫宝宝进行了研究。他们发现，大熊猫妈妈对其孩子关怀备至。1．【解析】考查时态和被动语态。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填isloved。【答案】isloved2．【解析】考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。空格处修饰动词短语hadachance，应用副词。recent的副词是recently。【答案】recently3．【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容