THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第4集- 分裂)

[43:53.08]第四集分裂[43:54.98][43:55.14]1825年1825.[43:56.83][43:57.14]全世界迎来了现代化的曙光Allovertheworld,themoderneraisbeingborn.[44:00.13][44:01.12]工业革命来临It'stheIndustrialRevolution.[44:02.85][44:03.62]美国努力迎头追赶Americaisracingtocatchup.[44:06.22][44:09.31]在纽约州北部InupstateNewYork,[44:10.97]一条人工运河正在郊野中开凿aman-maderiveriscuttingthroughthewilderness.[44:13.81][44:14.65]伊利运河是四千年来TheErieCanalisthebiggestconstructionproject[44:18.17]西方世界规模最大的建筑工程intheWesternworldinthelast4,000years.[44:21.28][44:24.32]300英里完全由手工开凿Over300mileslong,dugentirelybyhand,[44:27.65][44:27.97]而当时美国连一名像样的工程师都没有 andAmericalacksasinglequalifiedengineer.[44:31.66][44:33.12]美国人TheUnitedStatesofAmerica[44:35.45]不会让大自然阻挡他们的去路isn'tabouttoletnaturestandinitsway.[44:37.26][44:37.72]我认为美国精神是IthinkofthespiritofAmerica[44:40.53]想象力与毅力的完美结合beingimaginationcombinedwithtenacity.[44:44.04][44:38.43]迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员][44:43.20][44:44.44]人们有兢兢业业的工作精神There'sastrongworkethic,[44:47.09]有可以尽情施展的创造力awonderfulfreedomofcreation,[44:50.23]加上脑力与体力相得益彰combinedwiththementalmuscleandphysicallabor.[44:55.07]对我来说它是人类精神的最高体现Sotome,itrepresentsthebestofthehumanspirit.[44:59.92][45:02.48]然而大自然并不见得愿意合作Butthelanddoesn'talwayscooperate.[45:04.85][45:05.73]60英尺高的石灰岩壁挡住了去路Awallofsolidlimestone60feethigh.[45:09.31][45:15.20]30英里开外就是终点伊利湖Just30milesfromthefinishline,LakeErie.[45:19.00][45:21.16]运河将会改变一切Thecanalwillchangeeverything,[45:22.81][45:23.08]将整个美国中部与大西洋连接起来linkingtheAtlanticOceantothewholemiddleofAmerica.[45:28.02]它改变人们的居住地点和人生追求Itchangeswherepeoplelive,andwhy,[45:30.09][45:31.56]把整个北方变成了全球经济中心 andturnstheNorthintoaglobaleconomicpowerhouse.[45:35.22][45:39.40]主持运河开凿的Themanbehindthecanal[45:40.89]是满腔热忱的纽约州州长德威特·克林顿isNewYork'sgung-hogovernor,DewittClinton.[45:43.76][45:46.70]出身富庶之家的他坚信一切皆可为Borntowealth,hewon'ttakenoforananswer.[45:49.88][45:51.48]他有志当总统Hewantstobepresident.[45:52.90][45:52.95]却最终在纽约州长任上尽心竭力了20年Instead,herunsNewYorkfor20years.[45:56.03][45:56.71]美国历史上出现过许多独具慧眼的领导人 Americawasblessedwithmanyinspirationalleaders,[45:59.49][45:59.50]我认为德威特·克林顿andIthinkDewittClinton[46:00.81][46:00.82]深知纽约州的发展对美国意义重大hadarealsenseofhowimportantnewYorkcouldbeforAmerica.[46:04.43][45:59.39]鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长][46:03.05][46:09.43]克林顿的愿景是让纽约州富起来Clinton'svision:tomakeNewYorkrich.[46:12.34][46:15.82]从政治层面说开凿运河就像一场豪赌Politically,thecanalisahugegamble.[46:18.63][46:18.90]舆论纷纷抨击这项危险而又昂贵的工程It'ssavagedinthepressasdangerousandtooexpensive.[46:21.95][46:22.24]"Theycallit"Clinton'sbigditch."[46:24.45][46:24.46]大沟将永远改变纽约州ButitwillchangeNewYorkforever.[46:27.14]这一工程比人类迄今为止所完成的Itisaworkmorestupendous,[46:29.07][46:29.37]任何工程都更伟大更壮观moremagnificent,andmorebeneficial[46:32.77][46:33.04]并能产生更多效益thanhashithertobeenachievedbythehumanrace.[46:36.13][46:38.37]所谓创业精神就是Entrepreneurshipisaboutdoingthings[46:41.64][46:41.10]迈克尔·R·彭博[纽约市市长][46:43.80][46:41.64]尽管你不知道结果怎样whenyoudon'tknowwhatit'sgonnalooklike,[46:43.38][46:43.39]也不知道该如何着手youdon'tknowwhatit'sgonnabemadeof,[46:44.79]你所凭借的只是一种直觉youjusthavethisinstinct[46:46.49]一种充满必胜信心的直觉thatyoucandoitandit'llwork.[46:47.85]这群人很有远见并且敢想敢做Thoseguyshadvisionsanddidit.[46:50.37][46:53.89]5万人50,000men.[46:55.22]1100万立方码的石块11millioncubicyardsofrock.[46:57.69]玫瑰碗球场可容纳92,542人[46:59.69][46:57.69]26000个玫瑰碗球场EnoughtofilltheRoseBowl26,000times.[47:01.54]工人中有很多是爱尔兰移民CrewsarefilledwithIrishimmigrants.[47:09.39][47:10.57]大卫·吉尔罗伊在这里挣的钱是家乡的5倍DavidGilroymakesfivetimeswhathecanearnbackhome,[47:14.41]但这是项危险的工作butit'shazardouswork.[47:16.79]他们其实是在移ftThey'reliterallymovingmountains,[47:19.99][47:20.00]而唯一可行的办法就是用火药andthere'sonlyonewaythrough--gunpowder.[47:23.66][47:24.03]这是一种由硝酸盐木炭及硫磺制成的Ahighlycombustiblemixof[47:26.74]极易燃的混合物nitrate,charcoalandsulfur.[47:28.67][47:29.12]一旦配比出错后果就是致命的Thewrongproportionscanbelethal.[47:31.79][47:43.14]只有一项工作比There'sonlyonejob比点燃导火索更危险that'smoredangerousthanlightingthefuse...[47:46.52][47:48.59]那就是回去再点一次goingbacktorelightit.[47:50.42][48:09.42]为了克服恐惧工人们喜欢喝酒Tocope,workersdrink.[48:11.53][48:11.99]威士忌能缓解紧张Whiskeycalmsthenerves--[48:14.31]同时也会麻痹大脑andcloudsthebrain.[48:15.63][48:16.12]一名英国游客不敢相信AnEnglishtouristcan'tbelieve[48:18.07]他们在执行爆破工作的时候还敢喝酒they'remixingalcoholandexplosives.[48:20.65][48:21.00]这些爱尔兰工人变得越发莽撞大胆TheIrishlaborersgrewsorecklessoflife,[48:23.49]以至于当听到爆炸的信号时thatatthesignalforblasting,[48:25.02][48:25.86]他们只不过拿铲子在头顶挡一下theywouldjustholdtheirshovelsovertheirheads.[48:28.01][48:36.24]我认为成长在美国Ithinkwhenyou'rebroughtupinAmerica,[48:37.75][48:36.75]肖恩·康姆斯著名歌手绰号"][48:40.75][48:38.03]就是成长在一段辛勤劳动的历史之中you'rebroughtuponthehistoryofhardwork.[48:40.50][48:41.00]有那么多的移民Therearesomanyimmigrants[48:42.79]为建设这个国家献出了生命thathavediedtobuildthiscountry.[48:45.17][48:45.52]这种精神流淌在我们美国人的血液中That'sinourbloodstream,[48:47.00]深藏在我们美国人的基因里that'sinourDNAasAmericans.[48:48.39][48:48.67]我们不想让先辈们的牺牲付诸东流Wedon'twanttheirlivestogoinvain.[48:50.47][48:50.48]因此 我们会比其他人更勤劳Becauseofthat,weusuallyworkharderthananybodyelse.[48:54.01][48:58.30]八年的开凿Eightyearsofdigging.[48:59.44][48:59.77]近千人的牺牲Nearlyathousandliveslost.[49:01.43][49:01.74]七百万美元的投入 相当于如今的一亿美元$7million,morethan100milliontoday.[49:05.17][49:05.61]1825年的顺利通航TheErieCanalopensin1825,[49:08.55][49:08.56]一个工程史上的奇迹诞生了 amiracleofengineering,[49:10.79]东部和中西部从此连为一体connectingEastandMidwest.[49:13.48]运河立刻成为了一条推动经济的高速公路It'saninstanteconomicsuperhighway.[49:16.00][49:16.22]每年有总价值1500万美元的货物来往于河上$15millionofgoodsayearflowalongthecanal.[49:20.27][49:21.16]沿岸的小村庄迅速发展成了发达的城市Villagesalongthecanalboomintodynamiccities--[49:24.59][49:24.60]水牛城锡拉丘兹和罗切斯特Buffalo,SyracuseandRochester.[49:27.32][49:29.50]物价大幅下降最大降幅达到95%Goodscrashinprice,upto95%.[49:32.96][49:34.05]昔日不得不自给自足的边陲小镇Afrontierthathadtobeself-sufficient[49:36.27]如今各种商品应有尽有cannowbuyanythingtheywant.[49:38.72][49:41.40]繁荣之火开始燎原Prosperityisonthemove.[49:43.37][49:46.06]纽约市变成了一座繁华都市NewYorkCitybecomesaboomtown.[49:48.65][49:53.56]华尔街迅速崛起成为了世界金融中心WallStreettakesoffasaglobalfinancialcenter.[49:56.80][49:59.83]4倍Thecityquadruplesinsize...[50:02.04][50:04.44]并一举超越新奥尔良成为全国第一大港口 andsurpassesNewOrleansasthenation'snumber-oneport.[50:08.57][50:14.22]这里财富聚集There'ssomuchmoneyaround,[50:16.01][50:16.32]"百万富翁"一词就是1840年在这里诞生的theword"Millionaire"isinventedin1840.[50:20.18][50:22.35]伊利运河仍在影响着今天的纽约州TheErieCanalstillshapesNewYorktoday.[50:24.99][50:25.56]其北部80%的人口80%oftheupstatepopulation[50:27.14]25英里的流域范围内stillliveswithin25milesofit.[50:30.52][50:37.00]向南数百英里Hundredsofmilestothesouth,[50:38.65][50:39.07]一种小型作物正在创造另一种经济腾飞asmallplantiscreatinganothereconomicboom.[50:42.63][50:43.00]棉花Cotton.[50:44.04][50:44.22]然而这种作物也导致了后来的国家分裂Butthisonewilleventuallytearthenationapart.[50:47.71][50:49.79]棉花原产于热带地区Cottonisnativetotropicalregions,[50:51.85][50:52.13]因此美国南部各州成为了理想的种植区makingtheSouthernstatesoftheUSaperfectbreedingground.[50:55.73][50:58.43]棉花有价值的部分是Thevaluedpartisthesoftfiber[51:00.69]紧密地长在这种灌木黏性种子周围的柔软纤维 whichgrowstightlyaroundtheshrub'sstickyseeds.[51:03.21][51:05.58]30个棉花品种Thereare30speciesworldwide.[51:07.34][51:08.32]引进种植不成问题Growingitisnoproblem,[51:09.66][51:12.39]但是加工这些纤维并使之能纺织成布料butprocessingthefiberbeforeitcanbespunintocloth[51:15.77][51:15.78]则需要大量劳动力islabor-intensive.[51:17.23][51:17.93]特别是在除去棉籽时Especially,separatingtheseeds.[51:19.93][51:20.92]多年来只能通过手工来完成Foryears,itcouldonlybedonebyhand.[51:23.73][51:24.16]仅分离一磅棉花就需要一整天的劳动Onepoundtookanentireday.[51:26.48][51:28.34]179434日一项简单的发明AsimplepatentfiledonMarch4,1794,[51:32.01][51:32.02]改变了这一切changesallthat.[51:33.04][51:35.61]轧棉机Thecottongin.[51:36.54][51:38.00]它实现了加工过程自动化 Itautomatestheprocess[51:39.47][51:39.48]也加深了国家的分裂anddeeplydividesthecountry.[51:41.95][51:42.12]轧棉机不仅改变了美国 ThecottongintransformednotonlyAmerica,[51:44.35]也改变了世界buttheworld.[51:46.03]利用机器进行大规模生产的理念Theconceptofmassproductionusingamachine[51:49.96]从此开始在各地流行justexplodedeverywhere.[51:52.43][51:46.66]伍迪·诺里斯 [发明][51:50.66][51:53.50]一个工人现在能加工比从前多50倍的棉花Onemancannowprocess50timesmorecotton.[51:57.20]整个南方的棉产量因此突飞猛进OutputskyrocketsallovertheSouth.[52:00.18][52:03.50]1830年美国棉产量占世界总产量的一半In1830,Americaisproducinghalftheworld'scotton.[52:07.11]到1850 这一比例接近四分之三By1850,it'snearly[52:10.91][52:15.29]被喻为"白色黄金"的棉花Calledwhitegold,[52:16.57][52:16.58]给南方带来了一种新式的奢华生活cottonsupportsanewlavishlifestyleintheSouth.[52:20.21][52:22.30]到1850年By1850,[52:23.51]密西西比州的纳奇兹市的人均百万富翁数量therearemoremillionairespercapitainNatchez,Mississippi,比全世界任何一个地方都要多thananywhereelseonEarth.[52:28.86][52:31.63]4万英亩田地Therichestmanintownowns40,000acres,[52:34.76][52:34.77]3倍大nearlythreetimesthesizeofManhattanIsland.[52:37.83][52:43.30]南方的迅速繁荣TheSouthisthriving[52:45.90]离不开一种人剥削人的制度onthebacksofhumansowningotherhumans.[52:48.51]也就是奴隶制It'scalledslavery.[52:50.69][52:51.75]北方也受到了南方繁荣的影响TheNorthisimplicatedintheSouth'ssuccess.[52:55.38][52:58.84]工业发达的北方从南方的棉花中获益TheindustrialNorthisprofitingfromSoutherncotton,[53:02.15][53:04.00]而对奴隶制却视而不见butturnsablindeyetoslavery.[53:06.28][53:07.93]开国元勋中的许多人自己就是奴隶主Manyofthemslaveownersthemselves,[53:09.99][53:10.27]他们以为奴隶制会很快消失theFoundingFathersassumedslaverywouldsoondisappear.[53:14.22][53:14.90]奴隶制在英国已经被废除了20年Slaveryhasalreadybeenabolishedfor20yearsinBritain[53:18.63]而且在欧洲的大多数地区属于违法andisoutlawedacrossmostofEurope.[53:20.80][53:21.09]但由于棉产量的剧增Butwiththecottonexplosion,[53:22.82][53:23.11]奴隶制变得对南方经济极其重要slaverybecomescriticaltotheSoutherneconomy.[53:25.88][53:29.26]现在每个奴隶可以创造比以前多50倍的利润Eachslaveisnow50timesmoreprofitable.[53:32.61][53:32.98]在轧棉机问世前只卖300美元的奴隶Aslavewhosoldfor$300beforethecottongin[53:36.37]到1860年可以卖到近2000美元goesfornearly2,000by1860.[53:39.25]人们没有真正意识到这一点Peopledon'treallyrealizethis,[53:40.51][53:40.37]詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编[53:43.37][53:40.51]在轧棉机发明之前butslaverywasactuallyonthedeclineintheSouth[53:42.50][53:42.51]奴隶制在南方实际是在逐渐衰退的priortotheinventionofthecottongin,[53:44.39]然而轧棉机使得棉花种植如此有利可图butthenoncethecottonginmadeitsopracticaltogrowcotton,[53:48.60]突然间所有南方农场主allofasudden,everyfarmerintheSouth[53:50.59][53:50.60]都想尽可能地多种棉花wantedtoplantasmuchcottonaspossible.[53:52.58][53:54.55]然而过度种植导致了土地贫瘠Butoverproductionisdestroyingtheland.[53:56.69][53:58.17]棉花种植向西部肥沃的土地进发Cottonheadswestinsearchoffertilesoil,[54:01.49]并带去了奴隶制bringingslaverywithit.[54:03.42][54:06.12]而北方的废奴势力则要维护边远地区的自由ButantislaveryforcesintheNorthwanttokeepthefrontierfree.[54:10.65][54:11.09]废奴战争的第一枪即将打响Thestageissetforthefirstbattlesinthewaroverslavery.[54:15.56][54:24.90]棉花改变了美国人的生活方式CottonischangingthewayAmericanslive.[54:27.80][54:28.80]不久以后它还会带来国家的分裂Intime,itwillblowthenationapart.[54:31.82][54:33.26]对南方来说棉花就是金矿FortheSouth,cottonisagoldmine.[54:35.92][54:36.20]而现在北方也想来分一杯羹NowtheNorthwantsapieceoftheaction.[54:38.49][54:38.77]这种互利共赢的合作关系It'sapartnershipthatmakeseveryonerich,[54:41.54][54:42.60]建立在一种新型机器的基础上 basedonanewmachine,[54:44.76]动力织布机thepowerloom.[54:45.48][54:48.34]运进来的是粗制棉绒 Rawcottoncomesin,[54:49.67]送出去的是精美的布料finishedclothgoesout.[54:51.13][54:51.42]一切都在一个车间内完成Allunderoneroof.[54:53.40][54:54.72]现代工厂诞生了Themodernfactoryisborn.[54:56.82][55:00.56]马萨诸塞州的洛威尔Lowell,Massachusetts,[55:01.87][55:01.88]这个纺织业发达的城市有着"纺锤之城"的美称iscalledthecityofspindles,atextilesboomtown.[55:06.55]人口在短短15年内Populationexplodes[55:07.88]由1820年的200人骤增至近20000人from200in1820tonearly20,000injust15years.[55:13.99][55:14.55]Morethanathirdofthetownworksinthemills.[55:16.84][55:17.60]其中85%是15岁至25岁的单身女性85%aresinglewomenbetween15and25.[55:21.36][55:23.04]哈丽特·10岁HarrietRobinsonisten.[55:24.75][55:25.05]父亲死后她就进了工厂Whenherfatherdies,shegoestoworkatthemill.[55:28.32][55:29.76]那情景历历在目我在走廊里来回穿梭Icanseemyselfnow,racingdownthealley,[55:32.77]奔走于纺机之间betweenthespinningframes,[55:34.65]搬着个比自己还大的线筒箱carryinginfrontofmeabobbinboxbiggerthanIwas.[55:38.33]妇女第一次可以通过劳动挣钱Womenearnmoneyforthefirsttime.[55:41.65][55:42.13]哈丽特的工钱帮助补贴家用Harriet'swageshelpsupportherfamily.[55:44.64][55:45.04]工业化改变着每个人的生活Industrializationischangingeveryone'slives.[55:48.65][55:51.45]所有女童工的收入都得到了合理利用Allthemillgirlsmakegooduseoftheirmoney.[55:53.79][55:54.06]家里的抵押被赎回来了Themortgageisliftedfromthehomestead,[55:56.34]农舍也被粉刷一新thefarmhouseispainted.[55:57.73][55:58.00]女童工的收入能贴补守寡的母亲Millgirlshelpmaintainwidowedmothers[56:00.24]或者酗酒或者伤残的父亲anddrunkenorinvalidfathers.[56:02.07][56:06.00]我们每周能挣2美元Wewerepaid$2aweek.[56:07.71]当轮到我站在线筒箱上时Oh,howproudIwaswhen[56:09.03]我是多么激动啊itcametomyturntostanduponthebobbin-box.[56:11.61][56:12.81]当妇女到纺织厂制线厂真正参与生产劳动时 Whenwomenreallyjoinedtheworkforceinthecottonmillsandthethreadfactories,[56:19.04][56:16.30]玛莎·斯图尔特[著名女企业家有"][56:19.30][56:19.31]这使她们有机会挣脱传统束缚Ithinkitgavewomenanopportunitytogetout,[56:22.82][56:23.13]并认真考虑自力更生了beseriousaboutbeingbreadwinners.[56:25.61][56:25.81]这改变了整个美国的社会格局AnditchangedthewholefabricofAmerica.[56:28.88][56:30.50]纺织工厂还掀起了美国人的服装革命ThemillsalsorevolutionizehowAmericansdress.[56:33.96][56:36.05]廉价棉布的大量生产Massproductionofcheapcottonfabrics[56:38.69]振兴了美国的服装业spawnsAmerica'sclothingindustry.[56:40.88][56:42.29]以前大多数家庭的衣服都是自制的Previously,mostfamiliesmadetheirownclothes.[56:45.25]现在人们开始购买成衣Now,peoplebuyready-to-wear.[56:47.17][56:47.80]东方潮流取代了鹿皮大衣Easternfashionsreplacebuckskin.[56:50.20][56:50.55]到1850年By1850,[56:52.04]服装业成了纽约市最大的制造业 men'sclothingisthelargestmanufacturingindustryinNewYorkCity.[56:55.72][56:56.00]作为美国人我最自豪的一点就是Forme,whatmakesmeproudesttobeanAmerican[56:59.38][56:57.38]吉米·威尔士 [维基百科创始人之][57:00.38][56:59.38]美国精神中的高效和乐观isthatAmericanspiritofproductivity,optimism,[57:03.29]坚信人定胜天前景光明thisideathattheworlddoesn'thavetobedoomandgloom,[57:06.52]我们可以利用科技让生活更美好thatwecanusetechnologytomakeourlivesbetter.[57:09.09][57:11.45]时装并不是来自纺织厂的唯一新事物Fashionisn'ttheonlyinnovationtocomeoutofthemills.[57:14.61][57:15.00]这里发明的技术直接导致了硅谷的诞生 TechnologydevelopedherewillleadstraighttoSiliconValley.[57:18.87][57:19.19]织布机上首创了穿孔卡用于生产带花纹的布料Loomspioneerpunchcardstoproducepatternedfabric.[57:23.00][57:25.02]卡上的每个孔Eachholeinthecardtells决定织机是否使用不同颜色的纺线theloomtouseadifferent-coloredthread,ayes-nodecision.[57:30.68][57:31.38]这就是二进制代码 所有现代计算机的基础It'sbinarycode,thebasisofallmoderncomputers.[57:35.69]计算机和互联网的诞生ThebirthofthecomputerandInternet[57:39.45]都始于棉纺工厂里的织机beganincottonmillswiththeselooms.[57:42.60][57:43.29]我认为在美国历史上的每一个Youknow,ineverymajordevelopment,[57:47.18][57:44.80]约翰·拉萨特 [皮克斯和迪斯尼公司创意总][57:47.80][57:47.18]重要的发展时期Ithink,inthehistoryofAmerica,[57:49.33]科技都起到了核心作用technologyhasbeenatthecenterofit.[57:53.69][57:58.00]尽管轮班时间长达12个小时Despite12-hourshifts,[57:59.47]工厂还是给妇女们带来了无限的机遇thefactoriesofferanewworldofopportunityforwomen.[58:02.53][58:03.83]她们通过更多的阅读和交流来提高自己 Theyarereadingmore,talkingmore,educatingthemselves.[58:07.39][58:08.52]没错在上工时间读书是违规的Yeah,readingbooksonfactorytimewasagainsttherules,[58:12.40]但我们把书藏在围裙口袋和废料桶里butwehidbooksinapronpocketsandwastebaskets.[58:15.81]有时我们也把诗贴在织机上背诵Sometimeswepastedpoemsonourloomstomemorize.[58:19.29]美国社会第一次听到了她们的声音AndforthefirsttimeinAmerica,theirvoicesareheard.[58:23.56][58:26.54]1836年10月October1836.[58:28.59]洛威尔纺织厂的女工下班后有组织地聚集起来WomenfromtheLowellMillsgatherafterworkandorganize.[58:32.87]她们反对降薪的抗议Theirprotestagainstwagecuts[58:34.76]是美国历史上最早的罢工之一isoneofthefirststrikesinUShistory.[58:37.72][58:39.38]最后她们赢了Andtheywillwin.[58:40.27][58:40.94]工厂老板作出了让步Themillbossisbackdown.[58:42.57][58:43.61]新一代的年轻女性后来成为了老师Agenerationofyoungwomengoontobecometeachers,[58:46.65]作家甚至大学毕业生writersandevencollegegraduates.[58:49.37][58:49.87]哈丽特·罗宾逊后来成了争取妇女参政权的领军人物HarrietRobinsonwillbecomealeadingsuffragette,[58:53.95]并在国会前作证andtestifybeforeCongress.[58:55.67][58:58.21]她们是第一批They'rethefirstwaveinamovement[58:59.88][58:59.89]争取妇女选举权运动的发起者thatresultsinwomengettingthevote.[59:02.12][59:04.07]照亮她们夜间秘密会议的灯光Theirsecretmeetingsatnightareonlypossible[59:06.85]来自一种非凡生物点燃的油灯with the light from lamps poweredby extraordinarycreature.[59:10.54][59:15.10]鲸油照亮了夜晚Whaleoilopenedupthenight,[59:16.69][59:16.70正如许多其它革命性的新发明一样andlikesomanyreallytransformativetechnologicalinnovations,[59:20.43][59:16.70]詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总][59:19.70][59:20.43]它使人们更加自由itexpandedhumanfreedom.[59:21.86]它为人们开拓了一条多劳多得的劳动之路Itcreatedawayforpeopletogetmore,domoreandachievemore.[59:26.59][59:28.90]20年之后才被发现Crudeoilwon'tbediscoveredforanother20years.[59:31.73][59:33.28]在那之前是鲸油照亮着美国Untilthen,Americarunsonwhaleoil.[59:36.72][59:36.86]捕鲸业Thewhalingindustry[59:38.13][59:38.14]推动了工业革命中的研发过程helpedinventpartoftheIndustrialRevolution[59:41.06]andtheclassicAmericanworkaholic,[59:44.99][59:41.99]史蒂文·约翰逊[][59:44.29][59:44.99]通宵达旦的工作环境work-round-the-clockkindofenvironment,[59:46.99][59:47.00]在这种环境下如果你能有更多的亮光whereifyouhavemorelight[59:48.30]来熬过那段不见天日的寒冬tokeepyougoinginthosedarkwinterdays,[59:50.36]就能有更多成就赚到更多钱youcouldgetmoredone,youcouldmakemoremoney,[59:52.79]因而在某种程度上你也推动了经济的发展andyoucouldkindofdrivetheeconomyforward.[59:55.41][00:08.50]鲸是在地球上曾有过的最大的生物之一WhalesareamongthelargestcreaturestoeverliveonEarth.[00:11.78][00:15.41]体重可达一百八十吨身长逾百英尺Upto180tonsandmorethan100feetlong.[00:19.18][00:25.10]一条鲸鱼可以制成Asinglewhalecanproduce[00:26.23][11的鲸油upto3,000gallonsofoil.[00:28.50][00:31.30]时至今日美国航空航天局仍在使用鲸油Eventoday,whaleoilisusedbyNASA.[00:33.90][00:34.34]哈勃空间望远镜就是靠鲸油工作的TheHubblespacetelescoperunsonit.[00:37.05][00:42.67]捕鲸业是北方最大的产业之一WhalingisoneoftheNorth'sbiggestindustries,[00:46.06][00:46.33]每年带来一千一百万美元的收入bringingin$11millionayear.[00:48.86][00:49.85]但从业者的伤亡代价也很高Butthehumancostisalsohigh.[00:52.04][00:54.31]一半的捕鲸船最后会在大海里失踪Halfofallshipswilleventuallybelostatsea.[00:57.53][00:58.00]很少有人甘冒此风险Fewmenarewillingtotaketherisk.[01:00.05][01:00.35]但对于非裔美国人来说 这却是一个良机But it's an opportunity African-Americans.[01:02.67][01:03.25]两万名自由人和逃跑的奴隶选择了出海20,000freemenandescapedslavestaketotheseas.[01:06.81][01:08.10]约翰·汤普森是马里兰州一名逃跑的奴隶 JohnThompsonisarunawayfromMaryland.[01:11.03][01:12.49]我的家在费城IhaveafamilyinPhiladelphia.[01:14.51][01:15.21]但我不敢再在那里多呆Butfearingtoremainthereanylonger,[01:17.41][01:17.42]我想到了去航海捕鲸IthoughtIwouldgoonawhalingvoyage[01:19.88]抓捕逃奴的赏金猎人们不太可能whereIstoodleastchanceof[01:22.21]跑到海上来追捕我beingarrestedbyslavehunters.[01:23.61][01:27.93]捕鲸业所提供的平等机会超前于其所处的时代Theequalopportunityofferedinwhalingisaheadofitstime.[01:31.73][01:32.93]在这里有色人种真正被当人看待Here,acoloredmanisonlyknownandlookeduponasaman[01:36.39]并且他们的晋升只取决于能力和技术水平andispromotedinrankaccordingtohisabilityandskill[01:40.64]干的活也和白人一样toperformthesamedutiesasawhiteman.[01:42.95][01:47.63]从某种角度来说捕鲸业Thewhalingindustryoffered[01:49.47]为那些像约翰·汤普森一样当过奴隶的人anex-slavelikeJohnThompson[01:52.42]提供了社会经济层面的流动性thepossibilityofsocialandeconomicfluidity,mobility[01:55.65][01:52.83]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[][01:58.00][01:55.65]和被人接受的可能性andacceptanceinaway.[01:58.08]即使在北方EvenintheNorth,[01:59.75][01:59.76]对于黑人来说这在其它行业也是不可能的thatwasnotpossibleforblackpeopleotherwise.[02:02.78][02:07.30]负责瞭望的人大声叫道Themanonthelookoutcriedout,[02:09.46]"她在那儿喷水呢""Theresheblows!"[02:10.86]海面上出现了四只鲸鱼Therewerefourwhalesinsight,[02:13.07]距离他们只有不到四分之三英里notmorethanofamiledistant.[02:15.76][02:20.90]猎杀它们需要花费数小时的时间Ittakeshourstokillthem.[02:22.48][02:24.06]他们用的是最先进的鱼叉Theyusestate-of-the-artharpoons[02:26.26]路易斯·坦普[美国著名废奴主义者发明家][02:29.26][02:26.26]这是由一个名叫路易斯·坦普的逃奴发明的 inventedbyrunawayslaveLewisTemple.[02:29.22][02:31.08]Thewhalecanonlybekilledbylancinghimunderthefin,[02:34.65][02:34.66]这需要很多练习和技巧whichisaworkofmuchskillandpractice.[02:37.36][02:39.50]一头盛怒之中的猛兽Amonster,terribleinhisfury,[02:42.26][02:42.77]足以在摆尾之间让小船灰飞烟灭abletoshivertheboatinatomsbyonestrokeofhistail.[02:46.57][02:50.00]但海上生活纵使再凶险Andyeteventhedangersatsea[02:52.49]也比可怕的奴隶生活要强得多arepreferabletothehorroroflifeasaslave.[02:56.16]对那些冒险逃跑的奴隶的惩罚手段极其凶残Punishmentissavageforthosewhoriskescape,[03:01.57]但仍有人为了自由不惜一切代价butsomewilldoanythingtobefree.[03:04.92][03:09.56]1841年新奥尔良1841,NewOrleans.[03:12.47][03:12.48]奴隶交易的中心Groundzerofortheslavetrade.[03:14.89][03:16.05]这一天是拍卖日It'sauctionday.[03:17.17]一个让所有奴隶心惊胆战的日子Thedayeveryslavefearsthemost.[03:19.83][03:22.60]在十九世纪上半叶Inthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury,[03:24.76][03:25.03]超过一半的奴隶是在拍卖会上被卖出的 overhalfamillionslavesaresoldatauction.[03:27.75][03:29.69]这一行业在南方经济中占了20亿美元It'sabusinessworth$2billiontotheSoutherneconomy.[03:33.03][03:34.00]由于棉花种植业的繁荣Sincethecottonboom,[03:36.57]奴隶的价格飙升thevalueofslaveshasskyrocketed.[03:37.93][03:38.38]1000美元Nowmencost$1,000.[03:40.50][03:40.94]800美元Women,800.[03:42.14][03:42.42]儿童500美元Children,500.[03:43.94][03:46.16]所罗门·诺萨普SolomonNorthup,[03:48.20][03:46.20]所罗门·诺萨普[][03:51.81][03:48.21]一位来自北方的受过教育的自由人aneducatedfreemanfromtheNorth,[03:49.65]因遭绑架而沦为奴隶waskidnappedintoslavery.[03:51.81][03:53.11]你到这边来You,comeoverhere.[03:54.68][03:56.30]他会要求我们把头抬起来Hewouldmakeusholdupourheads,[03:58.52]让我们快速来回奔跑walkusbrisklybackandforth,[04:01.19]这样顾客们就能观察我们的手臂和躯干whilecustomerswouldfeelourhandsandarmsandbodies,[04:05.85]他让我们张开嘴巴露出牙齿makeusopenupourmouthsandshowourteeth,[04:09.03][04:09.04]简直就像一个骑师在检验马匹preciselyasajockeyexaminesahorse,[04:12.08]然后再决定是用钱还是用货物来完成交易 whichheisabouttobarterfororpurchase.[04:15.05][04:16.52]奴隶后背上的伤疤被视为Scarsuponaslave'sbackwereconsidered[04:19.04]该奴隶反叛或难以管束的证据 evidenceofarebelliousorunrulyspirit,[04:22.55]因而影响售价andhurthissale.[04:23.77][04:26.20]把上衣脱了Takeyourtopoff.[04:27.16]九成的非裔美国人都是奴隶90%ofallAfrican-Americansareslaves,[04:31.36]包括400万男人女人和小孩4millionmen,womenandchildren.[04:34.20][04:34.80]我们的建国纲领是Wehadbasedthiscountryon[04:36.75]人人都享有不容侵犯的自由和平等权利 everyonehavinginalienablerightstofreedomandequality,[04:40.60][04:37.60]雪儿·克罗[90][04:39.60][04:40.60]然而我们也创造了一套惨无人道的迫害机制andyetwecreatedasystemofabjectpersecution.[04:45.60][04:47.81]奴隶们被养肥了送去拍卖 就像牲口一样Slavesarefattenedforauction,likelivestock.[04:51.22][04:51.78]深肤色的男人被买走干农活Dark-skinnedmenareboughtforthefields,[04:54.00]而浅肤色的女人则用来做家务活light-skinnedwomenforthehouse.[04:56.33][04:57.81]奴隶贩子们谎报他们的年龄 Traderslieabouttheirages,[05:00.36]甚至会给奴隶的白发染色evendyeaslave'sgrayhairs.[05:02.37][05:03.02]对于农场主来说Fortheplantationowners,[05:04.82]买奴隶就像去当地的超市买糖和面粉一样 itwaslikejustgoingtoyourlocalsupermarkettogetsugarorflour.[05:10.59][05:06.90]艾尔·夏普顿牧师[][05:10.30][05:10.80]他们已经完全忘了奴隶也是人Theyhadbecomesodesensitizedtothehumanityoftheslave[05:16.44]以至于根本不把奴隶当人看thattheydidnotseethemashumanbeings.[05:19.61][05:23.00]买家需要生育能力强的奴隶来繁衍后代Buyersdemandthemostfertileslavesforbreeding.[05:25.60][05:26.57]身价最高的就是浅肤色未成年处女Themostexpensivearelight-skinnedteenagevirgins.[05:29.77][05:30.70]强奸已是稀松平常Rapeiscommon.[05:32.53][05:36.61]伊莱扎来自一个州立农场Eliza'sfromastateplantation.[05:38.99][05:41.95]和她一起被拍卖的还有她的两个孩子 She'sbeingsold,withhertwochildren,[05:44.82]埃米莉和兰德尔EmilyandRandall.[05:46.89][05:47.33]在路易斯安那州 InLouisiana,[05:48.99]将11岁以下的孩子从父母身边带走是违法的it'sillegalforchildrenunder11tobetakenfromtheirparents.[05:52.67]小伙子过来Boy,comeoverhere.[05:54.14][05:54.39]但这种事屡见不鲜Ithappensallthetime.[05:55.69][05:56.74]给我看看你的牙齿Showmeyourteeth.[05:58.50][05:58.88]140年的时间对于Youknow,140yearsisnot[06:00.27]整个历史进程来说并不漫长areallylongtimeinthecontextofhistory.[06:02.78]所以我真的不敢相信Soit'shardformetobelieve[06:04.55]140年前黑人在这里没有任何权利可言thatblacksdidn'thaveanyrightshere,[06:06.98]他们遭受的是非人的对待theyweren'ttreatedashumanbeings,[06:09.19][06:07.19]约翰·勒珍德R&B][06:11.18][06:09.20]本质上他们的待遇和动物无异theyweretreatedlikeanimals,essentially.[06:11.18][06:12.50]求你了先生Sir,please![06:13.63][06:29.00]拍卖会上过半的交易都会拆散一个家庭Overhalfthesalesatauctionwilltearafamilyapart.[06:32.83]想象一下一个八岁的孩子Ifyou'veeverbeeneight,tothinkofbeing[06:35.91]被迫与父母分开separatedfromyourmotherandyourfather[06:37.63]被人买走永远不能再见父母一面andsoldandyou'llneverseethemagain.[06:39.96]想象一下这过程中的惊恐与辛酸Thehorrorofthat,thepoignancyofallofthat,[06:42.38][06:40.38]安妮特·戈登·里德][06:43.38][06:42.39]而类似事件却在整个南方屡见不鲜 andyetthat'sthekindofthingthathappenedacrosstheSouth[06:46.19]直到奴隶制度瓦解upuntiltheendofslavery.[06:48.09][06:49.00]好了我最后一次出价Okay,myfinaloffer,[06:50.31][06:51.32]这个男人我出一千那个男人我出九百I'llgiveyou1,000forthatman,900forthatman.[06:54.66][06:54.88]那边那个女人我出七百Thatwomanthere,$700.[06:57.46][06:57.90]求你买下我的孩子吧Please,buymychild![06:59.39][07:02.17]先生Sir![07:03.51][07:07.30]先生Sir![07:08.28][07:08.66]我曾多次目睹过母亲最后一次亲吻Ihaveseenmotherskissingforthelasttime[07:11.21]逝去的孩子的脸颊thefacesoftheirdeadoffspring,[07:13.32][07:13.33]但我却从没见过伊莱扎和她的孩子分离时的 butneverhaveIseensuchanexhibitionofintensegrief[07:17.64]那种痛彻心扉的悲伤aswhenElizawaspartedfromherchild.[07:20.58][07:31.26]从巴尔的摩出发向北三英里ThreemilesoutsideBaltimoreheadingNorth.[07:33.71]一个奴隶正在逃亡的路上Aslaveontherun.[07:35.51][07:36.77]被抓获的风险很大Theriskofcaptureishigh.[07:37.93][07:39.00]一年中最多只有一千人成功逃走Atmost,1,000ayeararesuccessful.[07:41.57][07:41.58]割掉耳朵挑断脚筋Earscutoff;achillestendonsslashed;[07:45.27]还有打烙印都是被抓后常见的惩罚手段branding;allarecommonpunishmentsifcaught.[07:48.47][07:49.15]弗雷德里克·道格拉斯曾两次出逃失败FrederickDouglasshasfailedtwice,[07:51.60][07:49.20]弗雷德里克·道格拉斯[][07:52.20][07:51.60]但失败无法阻挡他的脚步butwon'tletthatstophim.[07:53.47][07:56.33]道格拉斯这类人是南方最大的梦靥 Menlik