2021-2022学年山西省吕梁市第八中学高三英语联考试题含解析

2021-2022学年山西省吕梁市第八中学高三英语联考试题含解析一、选择题1.—Ipromisedtodrawamapoftheengine.NowI’vemadeit!—_______!A.Thanksalot

B.It’smypleasureC.Congratulations

D.You’rewelcome参考答案：C.2.Shehasalreadytriedherbest.Pleasedon'tbeso_________aboutherjob.

A.specialB.responsible

C.unusualD.particular参考答案：D3.HopetherewillbeanendtothetradewarbetweenChinaandtheUS.Indeed,otherwisebothsides_________alot.A.mustsuffer

B.weretosuffer

C.suffered

D.wouldsuffer参考答案：D【详解】考查情态动词。句意：---希望中美之间的贸易战能够结束。---事实上，不然双方都将遭受巨大损失。would可用于评论某一特定的行为。故D选项正确。4.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_______itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.since

B.after

C.before

D.when参考答案：C5.Ithasbeenannouncedrecentlythatalltheschools

nothavethestudentsattendschoolifthestudentshavehightemperatures.

A.need

B.shall

C.could

D.oughtto参考答案：C6.Usuallynewbornbabiescan______betweenaman’sandawoman’svoice.A.squeeze B.trap C.inspect D.discriminate参考答案：D【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：往往新生儿能辨别男士和女士的声音。squeeze挤压，榨出；trap使陷入困境，卡住；inspect检查，视察；discriminate辨别。根据betweenaman’sandawoman’svoice可知，新生儿能分清男士和女士的声音。故选D项。7.----Tom,you’vegotanAinthefinalEnglishexam.Congratulations!----Thanks.ButIneverthoughttheresultcameoutsofast.Thepapers______whenIlefttheteacher’sofficejustnow.A.hadbeenmarked

B.werestillbeingmarkedC.arestillmarking

D.hadbeenmarking参考答案：B8.Theemployeeyouhavebeenthinkinghighlyof____reliable.A.proves

B.proving

C.toprove

D.beingproved参考答案：A略9.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather

A.permitting

B.topermit

C.permitted

D.permit参考答案：A略10.Themanagerwillgivethejobto________havingcapabilityandresponsibilityforit.

A.whoever

B.whomever

C.nomatterwho

D.anyone参考答案：B略11.In____late19thcentury,Europechanged______greatdealandwasplayingimportantrolesin______internationaltrade.

A.the;a;the

B.the;the;不填

C.the;a;the

D.the;a;不填参考答案：D解析：在序数词前用定冠词the;agreatdeal为固定短语,意思为“大量地”；internationaltrade表示泛指概念，不用冠词。12.Manyparentsspendnearlyalloftheirmoney_______theirchildrencanhaveagoodeducation.

A.unless

B.once

C.nowthat

D.sothat参考答案：D13.—Whyonearthdidn’tyouanswerthedoor?

—I’mterriblysorry,butthetelephone_______,too.

A.isringing

B.wasringing

C.rang

D.wasabouttoring参考答案：B14.

MyfriendhasreturnedfromtheUK.She____

atOxfordforfouryears,duringwhichwecommunicatedwitheachotherontheInternet.

A.studied

B.hasstudied

C.hadstudied

D.hasbeen参考答案：A15.Tomorrowtherewillbe_______sunshinewithcloudyintervalssohehasmadeaplanforapicnicwithhisfamily．（）A．mainly B．occasionally C．roughly D．Extremely参考答案：A根据sohehasmadeaplanforapicnicwithhisfamily（因此他已经制定好和家人野餐的计划）可以知道明天天气不错，所以选择Amainly译为"主要地，大部分"，其他选项与句义不符，B译为"偶尔地"；C译为"粗略地"；D译为"极度地"．16.(2013·江西六所重点高中一模)We________takecleandrinkingwaterforgranted.Onedaywemayrunoutofit.A.needn't B.can'tC.won't D.shouldn't参考答案：D选D考查情态动词。句意：我们不应该把拥有洁净的饮用水看作是理所当然的。也许有一天，我们会用完它。shouldn't“不应该”，符合句意。17.Johnsonhadmadeuphismindtogiveitup，buton________secondthoughthedeterminedtotry________thirdtime.A./；a

B./；/ C.a；a

D.the；a参考答案：A略18.Itwashis______hemadeattheconferencethatleftmewonderingabouthisrealpurpose.A.symbols

B.signs

C.remarks

D.marks参考答案：C二、翻译72.这是他第一次回老家过年，是吗？(time)_________________73.这款国产电器一经问世便销售火爆。(sell)_________________74.我认为有些错误在所难免，关键是我们要从中吸取教训。(impossible)_________________75.为了营造舒适的就餐环境，许多餐厅不允许抽烟，这对广大顾客来说是一大福音。(forbid)_________________参考答案：72.ThisisthefirsttimethathehasgonebackhometowntospendtheSpringFestival,isn’tit?

73.Oncethedomesticelectricalappliancewasreleased/emerged/cameintobeing/existence,itsoldverywell.

74.Ithinkitimpossibletoavoidsomemistakes,whatmatters/isimportant/isthekeypointisthatweshouldlearnalessonfromthem.

75.Tooffer/build/createacomfortabledinning/eatingenvironment,smokingisforbiddeninmanyrestaurants,whichisapieceofgoodnewstomostconsumers.【分析】考查汉译英。【72题详解】考查固定句式。句式thisisthefirsttimethat+现在完成时，故译为ThisisthefirsttimethathehasgonebackhometowntospendtheSpringFestival,isn’tit?【73题详解】考查固定用法。短语comeintobeing/existence“产生；出现”；本句为once引导的时间状语从句，时态应用一般过去时。故译为Oncethedomesticelectricalappliancewasreleased/emerged/cameintobeing/existence,itsoldverywell.。【74题详解】考查固定用法。think后跟形式宾语it指代下文不定式真正宾语，形容词impossible做宾语补足语。短语whatmatters/isimportant/isthekeypoint“重要的是……”。故译为Ithinkitimpossibletoavoidsomemistakes,whatmatters/isimportant/isthekeypointisthatweshouldlearnalessonfromthem.。【75题详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态语态。本句不定式做目的状语，主句主语smoking与谓语动词forbid构成被动关系；且非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，关系代词应用which。故译为Tooffer/build/createacomfortabledinning/eatingenvironment,smokingisforbiddeninmanyrestaurants,whichisapieceofgoodnewstomostconsumers.。【点睛】it作形式宾语的用法。当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。①当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）；基本句式结构——一、动词+it+that-从句。如：（1）sbfind/believe/think/feel/consider/make+it+n+todo/that从句，如：Itakeit(that)hewillcomeontime.我认为他会准时来的。Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.（他立志决不向别人借钱。）Ithinkitnoneedtalkingaboutitwiththem.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）（2）sbfind/think/make+it+adj.+todosth/that从句(宾语从句)如：Idon’tfeelitdifficulttounderstandtheSpecialEnglish.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglish.如第三小题，think后跟形式宾语it指代下文不定式真正宾语，形容词impossible做宾语补足语。二、动词+prep+it+that-从句。如：Ican’tanswerforitthathewillcome.我不能保证他会来。Youmayrelyonitthathe’llcometomeetyou.你放心，他会来接你的。Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有seeto,lookto,insiston,stickto,dependon,answerfor等。注意：that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语三、动词+it+介词短语+that-从句。如：Weoweittoyouthattherewasn’taseriousaccident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）Itookitforgrantedthathewouldhelpus.我认为他会帮助我们的。注意：由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。常见的有takeitforgranted,bringittosb’sattention,oweittosb等。四、动词+it+when/if/that-从句。如：(1)sb＋hate/dislike/love/like＋it＋when－从句Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs.（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）Idislikeitwhenyouwhistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。(2)sb＋appreciate/prefer＋it＋if－从句Ireallyappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmewithmymath.I’dpreferitifIdidn’thavetodosomuchwork要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。三、阅读理解20.Youcanrelaxifrememberingeverythingisnotyourstrongsuit.Recentresearchmakesthecasethatbeingforgetfulcanbeastrength—infact,selectivememorycanevenbeasignofstrongerintelligence.Traditionalresearchonmemoryhasfocusedontheadvantagesofrememberingeverything.Butlookingthroughyearsofrecentmemorydata,researchersPaulFranklandandBlakeRichardsoftheUniversityofTorontofoundthattheneurobiology（神经生物学）offorgettingcanbejustasimportanttoourdecisionmakingaswhatourmindschoosetoremember.“Thegoalofmemoryisnotthetransmissionofinformationthroughtime.Rather,thegoalofmemoryistohelpimprovedecisionmaking.Assuch,transience(转瞬即逝)isasimportantaspersistenceinmemorysystems，”theirstudyinNeuronstates.Makingintelligentdecisionsdoesnotmeanyouneedtohavealltheinformationathand,itjustmeansyouneedtoholdontothemostvaluableinformation.Andthatmeansclearingupspaceinyourmemorypalaceforthemostuptodateinformationonsituations.Ourbrainsdothisbygeneratingnewneurons(神经元)inourhippocampus(海马体),whichhavethepowertooverwriteexistingmemoriesthatareinfluencingourdecisionmaking.“Ifyou'retryingtodealwiththesituationandyourbrainisconstantlybringingupmultipleconflictingmemories,thatmakesitharderforyoutomakeawisedecision，”RichardstoldScienceDaily.Ifyouwanttoincreasethenumberofnewneuronsinyourbrain'slearningregion,tryexercising.Moderateaerobicexerciselikejogging,powerwalking,andswimminghavebeenfoundtoincreasethenumberofneuronsmakingimportantconnectionsinourbrains.Whenweforgetthenamesofcertainclientsanddetailsaboutoldjobs,ourbrainismakingachoicethatthesedetailsdonotmatter.Althoughtoomuchforgetfulnesscanbeacauseforconcern,theoccasionallostdetailcanbeasignofaperfectlyhealthymemorysystem.Theresearchersfoundthatourbrainsfacilitatedecisionmakingbystoppingusfromfocusingtoomuchonminorpastdetails.Instead,thebrainpromotesgeneralization,helpingusrememberthemostimportantgistofaconversation.“Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou'regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife，”Richardssaid.Ifyou'reananalystwhomeetswithaclientweekly,yourbrainwillrecognizethatthisisaclientwhosenameandstoryyouneedtoremember.Ifthisissomeoneyoumaynevermeetagain,yourbrainwillweighthatinformationaccordingly.Thesefindingsshowusthattotalrecallcanbeoverrated.Ourbrainsareworkingsmarterwhentheyaimtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.Title：BeingForgetfulMightActuallyMeanYou're____71____IntroductionRecentresearchprovesthatbeingforgetfulcanbeastrength,forforgettingandselectivememoryareof____72____importanceinourdecisionmaking.ThegoalofmemoryPeopletakeadvantageofmemorytomakegooddecisionsratherthan___73___information.____74____ofbeingforgetfulIthelpsusforgetoutdatedinformation.●Makingwisedecisionsinvolvestheexistingmemoriesmaking___75___forthelatestinformation.●Meanwhile,toomuchcontradictoryinformationinmemorycandoharmtoourdecisionmaking.●Exercisinghelpsincreaseneurons,contributingtoour

____76____decisionmaking.Ithelpsusseethebig

____77____．

●After

____78____theinformationitgets,thebrainchoosestofocusonthekeypoints,occasionallyforgettingunimportantpastdetails.●Whethertorememberorforgetparticularstuffis____79____bythedegreeoftheconsistencyoftheenvironmentandthe____80____ofthingsreappearinglaterinlife.ConclusionOurbrainsareworkingsmarterwhenaimingtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.参考答案：71.Smarter

72.equal

73.transmit

74.Advantages/Benefits

75.way/space/room

76.improved/better

77.picture

78.weighing/comparing

79.determined/decided

80.likelihood/chance/possibility/probability本文是一篇最新研究。如果事事牢记不是你的强项，你可以放心了。最新研究表明，健忘可能是个优点。事实上，选择性记忆甚至可能表明智商更高。文章叙述了健忘的优势。【71题详解】根据第一段中Recentresearchmakesthecasethatbeingforgetfulcanbeastrength—infact,selectivememorycanevenbeasignofstrongerintelligence.可知，健忘可能意味着你更聪明。故答案为Smarter。【72题详解】根据第二段中Butlookingthroughyearsofrecentmemorydata,researchersPaulFranklandandBlakeRichardsoftheUniversityofTorontofoundthattheneurobiology（神经生物学）offorgettingcanbejustasimportanttoourdecisionmakingaswhatourmindschoosetoremember.可知，最近的研究证明，健忘可能是一种力量，因为遗忘和选择性记忆在我们的决策中是同等重要的。故答案为equal。【73题详解】根据第三段第一句Thegoalofmemoryisnotthetransmissionofinformationthroughtime.可知，人们利用记忆来做出正确的决定，而不是传输信息。故答案为transmit。【74题详解】根据右方框中的内容可知，这里说的是健忘的优势，故答案为Advantages/Benefits。【75题详解】根据第四段中Makingintelligentdecisionsdoesnotmeanyouneedtohavealltheinformationathand,itjustmeansyouneedtoholdontothemostvaluableinformation.Andthatmeansclearingupspaceinyourmemorypalaceforthemostuptodateinformationonsituations.可知，做出明智的决定涉及到现有的记忆，为最新的信息腾出空间。故答案为way/space/room。【76题详解】根据第六段中Ifyouwanttoincreasethenumberofnewneuronsinyourbrain'slearningregion,tryexercising.Moderateaerobicexerciselikejogging,powerwalking,andswimminghavebeenfoundtoincreasethenumberofneuronsmakingimportantconnectionsinourbrains.可知，锻炼有助于增加神经元，有助于我们更好的决策。故答案为improved/better。【77题详解】根据第七段最后一句Instead,thebrainpromotesgeneralization,helpingusrememberthemostimportantgistofaconversation.可知，它帮助我们看清全局。故答案为picture。【78题详解】根据第七段中Theresearchersfoundthatourbrainsfacilitatedecisionmakingbystoppingusfromfocusingtoomuchonminorpastdetails.Instead,thebrainpromotesgeneralization,helpingusrememberthemostimportantgistofaconversation.可知，在权衡了它得到的信息之后，大脑选择专注于关键的点，偶尔忘记不重要的过去的细节。故答案为weighing/comparing。【79题详解】根据Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou'regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife可知，是否要记住或忘记某些特定的东西是由环境的一致性程度，以及在以后的生活中重新出现的可能性决定的。故答案为determined/decided。【80题详解】根据Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou'regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife可知，是否要记住或忘记某些特定的东西是由环境的一致性程度，以及在以后的生活中重新出现的可能性决定的。故答案为likelihood/chance/possibility/probability。21.In2006,SalKhanlaunched“KhanAcademy”toprovideYouTubeteachingforhis12-year-oldcousinwhoneededhelpwithmaths.Theonlineschoolnowprovidesmorethan580milliononlinelessonsinover36languages.Lastfall,KhancreatedaphysicalschoolinCalifornia.TheKhanLabSchoolrunsdifferentlyfromtraditionalschools.There’snohomeworkorgrades,andstudents—rangingfromagesfiveto12—sharethesameclassroom.“It’sonly150yearsthatweseparatedchildrenbyageinclassrooms,”saidKhan.“Theideaisthatyoucanlearnalotfromthestudentswhoarealittleolderthanyouandifyou’re12yearsoldyoucouldexercisealotofleadershipbeingateacherassistantfortheyoungerstudents.”Theschoolalsobreaksupthestudentsbasedontheir“independencelevel,”ratherthantheirage.“Whateverindependencelevelyou’reon—whetherinmath