高中英语人教版2TheUnitedKingdom 优秀奖

2023秋英语人教版必修5U3同步综合训练及答案UnitThreeLifeinthefuture一、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof__1__(great)andless,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof__2__(achieve)．Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow__3__(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused__4__ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterinthe,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive__5__possiblebeforewillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent__6__(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks__7__(regular)．Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor__8__while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely__9__(bring)yourworkcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis，__10__(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.二、完形填空ItwasunusuallyquietintheemergencyroomonDecemberdidn’tthinktherewouldbeany__1__，sighingabouthavingtoworkonthenfivebodies__2__atmydesk，apalewomanandfourchildren.“Areyouall__3__？”Iasked.“Yes，”shesaidweaklyandloweredherhead.Butwhenitcameto__4__oftheirproblems，thingsgotalittleuncertain.Twoofthechildrenhadheadaches，twochildrenhadearaches，__5__onlyonecouldtellmewhichearwasofacoughbutseemedtoworktoproduceit.Ididn’tsayanythingbut__7__thatitmighthealittlewhile__8__adoctorcouldseeher.Sheresponded，“__9__yourtime；it’swarminhere.”Then，Icheckedtheirchart.Noaddress—theywaitingroomwaswarm.Iwentbacktothenursesstationandmentionedwehadahomeless__11__inthewaitingroom.Thenurses，complainingof__12__onChristmas，turnedtosympathyforafamilyjusttryingtoget__13__onChristmas.Theteamwentintoaction，muchaswedowhenthere’sthiswasaChristmasemergency.Wewereall__15__afreemealonChristmasDay，sowetookbackthatmealandpreparedabigdinnerforneededdifferentdepartmentscandies，fruitsandotherthings__18__thatcouldbepresents.Asseriouslyaswemetthe__19__needsofthepatients，ourteamworkedtomeettheneedsofafamilywhojustwantedtobewarmonChristmas.Later，asthefamilywalkedtothedoorto__20__，thefour­year­oldboycamerunningback，gavemeahugandwhispered，“Thanksforbeingourangelstoday.”三、阅读理解A【2023北京高考真题】BSurvivingHurricaneSandy(飓风桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2023,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohalp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-neededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”NataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound______.friendshadlosttheirlivesneighborhoodwasdestroyedschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynelderlywerefreefromsufferingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?peoplehelpingRockawayrebuildpeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildingvolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeopledidNataliehelpthesurvivors?gavehertoystothekidstookcareofyoungerchildrencalledontheWhiteHousetohelpbuiltaninformationsharingplatformdoesthestoryintendtotellus?peoplecanmakeabigdifferencefriendinneedisafriendindeedorWest,homeisbestispowerB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Tworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfluencebehavior.Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy.TheyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension(紧张气氛)betweentheinterests(利益)ofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroup,sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher.HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself,theloweritsearningswere.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearnedtwenty-fivepercentlessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment.ThestudyappearedlastmonthinthejournalScience.Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.ItwaspresentedlastmonthinCaliforniaataconferenceonviolenceandabuse.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethaneighthundredchildrenagedtwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethansevenhundredchildrenagedfivetonine.Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslater,andthestudycomparedtheresultswiththefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishmentandchildrenwhoseparentsdidnot.ThestudysaystheIQs--orintelligencequotients--oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere.Intheoldergroup,thedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.MurrayStraussfromtheUniversityofNewHampshireworkedwithMalliePaschallfromthePacificInstituteforResearchandEvaluation.ProfessorStrausshaswrittenextensivelyaboutphysicalpunishmentofchildren.Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.HealsolookedataverageIQsinothernationsandfoundthemlowerwherespankingwasmorecommon.1．Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PunishmentB.TheBestWaytoInfluenceBehavior.C.PunishmentorReward:WhichWorksBetteronBehavior?D.TwoRecentStudies.2．Theunderlinedword“spanked”probablymeans______.A.wonB.punishedC.testedD.praised3．Accordingtothepassage,theresearchersmayagreethebestwaytoinfluencebehavioris______.A.rewardinggoodbehaviorB.correctingbadbehaviorC.punishingbadly-behavedchildrenD.praisingwell-behavedchildren

CPartofaresearchstudy，byscientistsatMcMasteruniversity，whichisongoingintotheinfluenceofdrinkingmilkafterheavyweightlifting，hasobservedthatmilkhelpsexercisersburnmorefat.Thescientiststookthreegroupsofyoungmen18to30yearsofage,56intotal，andputthemthroughastrict，five­day­per­weekweightliftingprogramovera12­weektheirworkouts，studyparticipantsdrankeithertwocupsofskimmilk(脱脂奶)，orasoybeveragewithequivalentamountsofproteinandenergy，oracarbohydratebeverage(碳酸饮料)withanequivalentamountofenergy.Uponthestudy’sconclusion，scientistsobservedthat：themilkdrinkinggrouphadlostnearlytwiceasmuchfat—twopounds—asthoseinthecarbohydratebeveragegroup，wholostonepoundofdrinkingsoylostnothesametime，thegaininmusclewasmuchgreateramongthemilkdrinkersthaneitherthesoyorcarbohydratebeverageparticipants.Aspublishedinthefirststageofthestudy，themilkdrinkinggroupcameoutontopintermsofmusclegainwithanestimated40percentorpoundsmoremusclemassthanthesoybeverageaddition，thisgroupgained63percentorpoundsmoremusclemassthanthecarbohydratebeveragedrinkers.“Ithinktheevidenceisbeginningtoincrease，”saysStuartPhillips—theleaderofthestudy.“Milkmaybebestknownforitscalcium(钙)contentinsupportingbonehealth，butourresearch，andlaterothers’，cancontinuallysupportmilk’sabilitytoaidinmusclegrowthandalsopromotebodyfatistheidealpost­workoutdrinkforrecreationalexercisersandathletesalike.”1．Accordingtothestudy，whichisthebestdrinkforexerciserstoloseweight?A．Fruitjuice. B．Soybeverage.C．Skimmilk. D．Carbohydratebeverage.2．FromthepassagewecanlearnthatmilkhasagoodeffectonallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.A．musclegain B．braindevelopmentC．bonehealth D．fatloss3．Accordingtothepassage，wecanknowthat________.A．thescientistschosepeopleaged18,30and56asparticipantsoftheresearchB．theweightliftingprogramwhichstudyparticipantsattendedwas84daysintotalC．peoplewhodrinkmilkeverydayarealwayshealthierandthinnerthanothersD．soybeveragesarebetterthancarbohydratebeveragesforexerciserstogainmuscle4．WhatdoesPhilipswanttotellus?A．Moreevidenceisneededtostrengthentheirresearch.B．Milkhasmorecalciumthansoyorcarbohydratebeverages.C．Thecalciuminmilkcanalsohelpgainmuscleandlosefat.D．Athletesshouldbeforbiddentodrinkotherbeveragesexceptmilk.5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Whatexercisersshoulddotoloseweight.B．Howmilkinfluencespeople’shealthandfigure.C．Thedifferencesbetweenmilkandsoyorcarbohydratebeverages.D．Aresearchontheeffectofdrinkingmilk—gainmuscleandlosefat.四、任务型阅读Newresearchsays35percentofchilddeathsworldwidearecausedbyhunger.Theresearchcomesfrompoortomiddle-incomecountriesinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.RobertBlackfromtheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealthatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinMaryland.istheleadwriteroftheresearch.Hesaysmorethanmillionmothersandchildrenunderfivedieinpoorcountrieseachyearbecauseofhunger.Hesaysmorethantwomillionchildrendiefromunderdevelopment,eitherbeforeorafterbirth.Millionsofotherswhosurvivefacealifetimeofdisabilitiesorearlydeathandtheeffectsarenotjustphysical.Poormentaldevelopmentalsoresultsfromhungeraschildrengrow.Thenthecycleofpovertyandhungeroftencontinuesfortheirchildren.DoctorBlacksayshungrychildrenarealsomorelikelytohaveconditionslikehighbloodpressureandheartdiseaseasadults.Hesaysthestudiesshowthatfoodprogramsneedtoplacethegreatestimportanceonthefirsttwoyearsoflife.Hungrychildrencansuffertheirwholelifedamagefromagetwo.Itishightimetheirdietswereimproved.DietsshouldincludefoodsrichinvitaminAandotherusefulvitaminsandminerals.Theresearcherssayearlyhelpsuchasthiscouldreducechilddeathsby25%.Thisresearchhasalsofacedsomecriticism.Amedicalaidgroupsaystheresearchersunderestimate(低估)thenumberofchilddeathsduetohunger.Theresearcherssaytherearefindingsthatsupportthistreatmentbutmorestudiesareneededtocompareittohospitalcare.TitleAnewresearchTheme(1)________ischildren’sbiggestkiller.Thegeneralintroduction●Ofallchilddeathsthroughouttheworld,35percent(2)________fromhunger.●Thechildreninpoorormiddle-incomecountriesinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmericaare(3)________withsuchasituation.●Eachyearhungercausesovermillionmothersandchildrenunder5inpoorcountriestodie.The(4)________effectsofhungeronchildren●Overtwomillionchildrendieofhugerbeforeoraftertheyare(5)________.●Millionsofthesurvivorswillbedisabledalltheirlivesordieatanearly(6)________.●Hungercanalsoresultinchildren’sbadmentaldevelopment.●Hungercanbringchildrenhighbloodpressureandhearttrouble,too.The(7)________tosavechildren●Foodprogramsmustrealizetheperiodbetweenthebirthandtheageof2isthemost(8)________forchildren’sphysicaldevelopment.●Dietsshouldbeimproved.●Dietsshouldcontainfoodwith(9)________vitaminsandminerals.Somecriticismontheresearch●Not(10)________childdeathsarepaidattentiontobytheresearchers.五、短文改错Mother’sDaywasaroundthecorner.Mygoodfriend 1._____Alice,JennyandIgettogether,discussingwhatweshoulddoto 2.______ourrespectfor.Alicewasplanningtobuysomeflowerswith 3.______hispocketmoneyinhonorofhermother.Jennywasgoingtobuy 4.______vegetablestocookdeliciousdinnerforherfamilyonthatday,because5._____shewantedtoexperiencehowmanyhermotherdoesforherfamily6.______everyday.Asforme,I’dliketomakeagreetingcard,said 7.______“HappyMother’sDay”,inwhichIwouldalsotellmymother 8.______topayattentiontohealthorpromisehertostudyharder. 9.______WearelookingforwardtoMother’sDay. 10.______【参考答案】一、语法填空【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是当我们在工作中感到压力巨大时，应该如何合理释放这些压力。内容涉及处理最重要的事情；上午多做工作；工作期间定期休息等。1．greater[考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的andless可知，此处也要用比较级形式。]2．achievement[考查名词的用法。介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达asenseofachievement成就感。]3．is[考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leavingtheless...，动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。]4．on[考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语befocusedon专心于，集中于。]5．as[考查固定表达。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样高效率。固定表达as...aspossible尽可能……]6．studies[考查名词的复数。根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。]7．regularly[考查副词的用法。如果我们定期休息的话。此处修饰动词短语takeshortbreaks，故要用副词形式。]8．a[考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会。固定表达forawhile一会儿。]9．tobring[考查不定式的用法。固定表达belikelytodo...很可能做某事。]10．make[考查祈使句中的动词。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词原形。]二、完形填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。圣诞夜，当我们这些护士为还要继续工作而抱怨时，一家五口来急诊。当我们了解情况后，纷纷伸出援助之手，让无家可归的一家人度过了一个温暖的圣诞节。 B．patientsC．workers D．tourists解析customer意为“顾客”；patient意为“病人”；worker意为“工人”；tourist意为“游客”。根据下文内容可知，此处是医院，“我”想着圣诞节应该不会再有病人了。答案B2．howedup B．tookinC．cameout D．lookedon解析showup意为“出现”；takein意为“吸收；欺骗”；comeout意为“出版；结果是”；lookon意为“旁观”。根据上下文内容可知，是五个人出现在“我”的办公桌前。答案A3．A.eager B．hungryC．sick D．warm解析由语境可知，此处是在医院，因此我询问他们是不是都病了。答案C4．A.descriptions B．commentsC．instructions D．results解析description意为“描述”；comment意为“评论”；instruction意为“说明”；result意为“结果；成绩”。由语境可知，当他们开始描述他们的病情时，事情就有点让人摸不着头脑了。答案A5．A.so B．forC．thus D．but解析由语境可知，两个孩子说头疼，两个孩子说耳朵疼，但只有一个能告诉“我”是哪只耳朵疼。这里表示一种转折关系。答案D6．A.mother B．childrenC．nurses D．doctor解析根据上文内容可知，母子共五人来看病，其中四个孩子都说了自己的问题，只剩下母亲没有说了，因此是孩子的母亲说自己咳嗽了。答案A7．A.answered B．imaginedC．explained D．analysed解析answer意为“回答”；imagine意为“想象”；explain意为“解释”；analyse意为“分析”。由语境可知，“我”也没说什么，只是解释说，过会儿医生才会来给她检查。答案C8．A.after B．sinceC．before D．when解析由语境可知，在医生来之前还得有一会儿。答案C9．A.Make B．TakeC．Care D．Spend解析make意为“使得；形成”；take意为“拿；取”；care意为“在意”；spend意为“度过”。由语境可知，她回答说：“不着急，这里挺暖和的。”takeone’stime意为“不着急”，符合语境。答案B10．A.lonely B．greedyC．clever D．homeless解析lonely意为“孤独的”；greedy意为“贪婪的”；clever意为“聪明的”；homeless意为“无家可归的”。由语境可知，“我”查了下他们的登记表，但登记表上没有写地址，因此他们是无家可归的。答案D11．A.family B．holidayC．woman D．Christmas解析由语境可知，回到护士室，“我”讲述了候诊室里这无家可归的一家子人的事。答案A12．A.operating B．interruptingC．managing D．working解析operate意为“手术；操作”；interrupt意为“中断”；manage意为“管理”；work意为“工作”。由语境可知，原本抱怨圣诞节还要上班的护士们，都转而同情起在圣诞节只祈求温暖的这家人了。答案D13．A.present B．warmC．relief D．comfort解析present，意为“礼物”；warm意为“温暖”；relief意为“救济；安慰”；comfort意为“安慰”。根据上文内容可知，这家人在圣诞节来到医院，是为了寻找温暖。答案B14．A.beneficial B．friendlyC．medical D．different解析beneficial意为“有益的”；friendly意为“友好的”；medical意为“医学的”；different意为“不同的”。由语境可知，这个团队马上展开行动，就好像我们对待医疗紧急情况一样，只不过这次是“圣诞节急诊”。答案C15．A.rewarded B．offeredC．allowed D．ordered解析reward意为“奖励”；offer意为“提供”；allow意为“允许”；order意为“命令”。由语境可知，圣诞节这天，医院食堂免费给我们提供一顿饭。答案B16．A.neighbors B．relationsC．brothers D．guests解析neighbor意为“邻居”；relation意为“关系”；brother意为“兄弟”；guest意为“客人”。由语境可知，我们把饭领回来，为我们的圣诞客人准备了一场大的宴会。答案D17．A.borrowed B．receivedC．collected D．bought解析由语境可知，我们从不同的科室收集了糖和水果。collectfrom意为“收集”，符合语境。答案C18．A.expensive B．fantasticC．generous D．available解析expensive意为“昂贵的”；fantastic意为“奇异的；极好的”；generous意为“慷慨的”；available意为“可得的；可利用的”。由语境可知，除了糖和水果，还有一些能当做礼物的可以利用的东西。答案D19．A.healthy B．physicalC．tragic D．mental解析healthy意为“健康的”；physical意为“身体的；物理的”；tragic意为“悲剧的：不幸的”；mental意为“精神的；脑力的”。由语境可知，我们的团队工作严肃，就像满足患者的身体需要一样，我们尽力满足这家人只想过一个温暖圣诞节的愿望。答案B20．A.leave B．travelC．rest D．relax解析由语境可知，当这家人走到门前要离开的时候，那个四岁的孩子跑回来，给了“我”拥抱和感谢。答案A三、阅读理解A、1.B 2.A3.D 4.A B、试题分析：文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。近期的两项研究显示，惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。其中一项研究显示，成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更具合作性。另一项研究表明，惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。1．选择最佳标题。A项太片面；文章没有提到最好的方法，排除B；D项不够具体；根据第二段“Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.”和第六段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，研究表明，奖励能够促进合作，惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展，故选C。2．猜测词义题。根据带第六段“whowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，被父母体罚的孩子，他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分，根据最后一段“Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.”可知，孩子受到的惩罚越多，他们的心智发展得越慢，说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思，故选B。3．推理判断题。B、D两项文中未提及；根据倒数第二段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”和最后一段“themoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment”可知，惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展，排除C；根据第二段“adultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards”和第六段“fivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，奖励能够促进合作，而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展，只有A项与