动词不定式不分版本

动词不定式一.本周教学内容：动词不定式二.重点、难点：（一）动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式（TheInfinitive）是动词的一种语法形式。动词不定式由to与动词原形构成（在某些情况下省略to）。动词不定式在句中可以起名词、形容词和副词作用，能够充当除谓语以外的各种句子成份。因此，动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种。.动词不定式作主语（谓语用第三人称单数）e.g.:TolearnEnglishwellisnotaneasything.学好英语并不是件容易的事情。Towalkintheparkeverymorningisagreatpleasure.每天早晨在公园散散步是件很快乐的事。Toplaytricksonothersisnotpolite.戏弄别人是不礼貌的。Totellliesiswrong.说谎是错误的。Tomakeaspeachhereisanhonour.在这儿演说很荣幸。当不定式作主语时，英语中习惯上用形式主语it来代替，放在句首，而把真正的主语一一动词不定式（短语）放在后面，上面的例句可以分别改成：ItisnotaneasythingtolearnEnglishwell.Itisagreatpleasuretowalkintheparkeverymorning.Itisnotpolitetoplaytricksonothers.Itiswrongtotelllies.Itisanhonourtomakeaspeachhere.我们可以把“Itis（not）+形容词或名词+动词不定式”作为常用句型来记。e.g.:Itisdifficulttofindsomewaterhere.在这儿找点水是很困难的。Itisnecessarytobuyacomputerforher.给她买台电脑很有必要的。Itisapitytomissthefootballmatch.误了这场足球赛很遗憾。除了动词be以外，动词take,cost,require,make也可以用于以上结构。e.g.Ittakesthreehourstowalkthere.步行到那儿要花费三个小时。Itcostsaboutfivehundredyuantoflytothesoutherncity.坐飞机去那个南方城市花费大约五百元。Itrequireseffortstomasteralanguage.掌握一门语言须要下功夫。Itmadeusdelightedtofindagoodbook.发现一本好书使我们高兴。但在疑问句和感叹句中，只能用it作先行词的结构。e.g.Whatapleasureitistoworkwiththem!和他们一起工作多么令人高兴啊！Howrelaxingitistobatheinthesunonthesand!在沙滩上沐日光浴多么令人放松！Isn'titagoodideatomakeatrip?进行一次短途旅行不是个好主意吗？在it作形式主语的结构中，通常用or+名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语，表示不定式所表示的动作的特征。e.g.Itispossibleforhimtomastertheartofspeaking.他掌握演讲艺术是可能的。Itisnotrightforthemtostopthetesthalfway.他们中途停止试验是不对的。注意与结构It+be+形容词+of+名词或代词+to不定式的区别，该结构表示不定式逻辑主语的特征。用于这个结构的形容词多为说明主语特征的形容词，foolish,clever,stupid,nice,kindrude,careless等。e.g.fItiskindofyoutosayso.[Youarekindtosayso.你这么说太好了。IItwascarelessofhimtobreakthecup.[Hewascarelesstobreakthecup.他打碎这只茶杯，真不小心。Itwasbraveofhertosavethechild.Shewasbravetosavethechild.她真勇敢，救了那个孩子。.动词不定式作表语（主语多为表示意图、劝告等词）e.g.Myideaistoturnbackrightnow.我的意思是立退返回。Ourplanistofinishtheworkinfivedays.我们的计划是三天后完成这项工作。Hiswishistobecomeascientist.他的愿望是成为一名科学家。.作宾语（踉在某些动词后）常与动词不定式作宾语的及物动词有:agree,begin,start,choose,decide,fail,forget,hope,learn,like,want,wish等。e.g.Thegirlbegantolearnswimmingwhenshewasonlythree.这个女孩只有三岁时就开始学习游泳。Doyouliketolistentothepopmusic?你喜欢听流行音乐吗？Don'tforgettohandinyourmathsexercisestomorrowmorning.别忘了明天早晨交数学练习。ShewantedtosendapostcardtoherfriendinLosAngeles.她想给她在洛杉机的朋友寄一张明信片。HedecidedtotakeatriptoHainan.他决定去海南旅游。.作宾语补足语：(某些动词可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，即复合宾语的第二部分)(1)星艮带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有：ask,tell,want,order等。e.g.ThemandownstairsaskedPetertoturndowntheradio.楼下的那个人请彼德把收音机关小一点Theteachertoldthestudentstowaitattheschoolgate.老师告诉学生们在学校门口等着。Mothertoldthechildnottoforgettoturnoffthelight.妈妈告诉孩子不要忘记关灯。Theofficerorderedthesoldiers±oliedownatonce.军官命令士兵们立刻卧倒。Thedoctoradvisedme工。haveabloodtest.医生劝我验血。(2)踉不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有感官动词see,watch,hear,listento,feel等，以及使役动词make,let等。e.g.Ididn'tseeyoucomein.我没有看见你进来。Haveyouheardsomebodyknockatthedoor?你听见有人敲门了吗？ThepolicemanmadeTomopenhiscase.警察叫汤姆打开自己的箱子。Letmecarrytheboxforyou.让我来给你搬这个箱子。注意：当上述感官动词和使役动词make用于被动语态时，原来作宾语补足语的不带to的不定式，就成了主语补足语，这时动词不定式必须要加上to。请与上边相应的句子比较：Youweren'tseenein.Tomewasmadetoopenhiscasebythepoliceman.(3)动词help的动词不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。e.g.Canyouhelpme(to)movethistable?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗？Thegirlhelpedtheblindman.(to)crossthestreet.那位姑娘帮助盲人过马路。.动词不定式作定语（通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后）e.g.I'dlikeafewbookstoreadduringthejourney.我想要几本书在旅途中看。Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有什么要说的吗？Maryisalwaysthelasttoarriveattheoffice.玛丽总是最后一个到达办公室。Henryisapleasantmantotalkto.与亨利说话很令人高兴。Hehasachairtositon.他有椅子坐。.动词不定式作状语（可以表示目的、结果、原因等，一般放在被修饰词之后，但表示目的时，为了强调也可以放在句首）e.g.LastyearLucycametoChinatolearnChinese去年露茜来到中国学校。（目的状语）Tocatchupwiththeearlybus,Igotupat5:30.为了赶上早班车，我五点半就起床了。（目的状语）Towritenovelsquickly,thewriterboughtacomputer.为了加快写小说的速度，作家买了台电脑。Thelightistoodimforustoread.灯光太暗我们不能看书。（结果状语）Hespoketooquicklyformetofollow.他说得太快，我跟不上。（结果状语）Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.这个男孩到了上学的年龄（可以上学了）（结果状语）Thepatientisstrongenoughtogetoutofbedandwalkabout.病人身体好了，可以下床走动了。（结果状语）（二）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,how,when,where,whethe等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中起名词作用，可以充当主语，表语和宾语等。e.g.Howtostoppollutionremainsaproblem.怎么制止污染仍是个问题。（作主语）Iamwonderingwhethertorefuseitornot.我不知道是否拒绝它。（作宾语）I'llteachthemwhattosaywhengreetingaforeigner.我将教他们向外国人打招呼说些什么。Thequestioniswheretogetsomuchmoney.问题是到什么地方去弄这么多钱。（作表语）可以足艮“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语的及物动词有：ask,decide,forget,remember,know,learn,understand,wonder等。e.g.Theydon'tknowwhattodonext.他们不知道下一步要做什么！Doyourememberhowtogettothestation?你记得去车站怎么走吗？Ihaven'tdecidedwheretogoformyholidays.我还没决定到哪儿去度假。此外，及物动词ask,advise,show,teach,tell等可以星艮“宾语+疑问词+动词不定式”。e.g.Canyoushowmehowtorunthemachine?你能给我示范一下怎样操作这台机器吗？Thelibrarywilltellyouwheretofindthebook.图书管理员会告诉你在哪儿能找到这本书。Jimaskedmewhentostart.吉姆问我什么时候动身。（三）动词不定式的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构是由“介词for+名词”（或代词宾格）+动词不定式构成，for本身无意义，for引出的名词（代词宾格）是不定式的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。请比较一下两句话的含义：Heopenedthedoorformetocomein.他打开门让我进来。（tocomein的逻辑主语是me,而不是全句的主语He）formetocomein在句中作目的状语。Heopenedthedoortocomein.他打开门进来了。（tocomein的逻辑主语是全句的主语He）动词不定式复合结构常用在下面句型中作真正主语。产1difficultIt's（not）Simportantrforsb.todosth.necessarye.g.It'seasyformetofinishthecompositionintwohours.我在两小时内完成这篇作文很容易。It'simportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.我们学会一门外语很重要。It'snecessaryforustodomorningexerciseseveryday.我们每天做早操很有必要。（四）动词不定式的限用下列句子中的非谓语动词形式，一般不能使用不定式，而是用“动词原形+-ing”形式，这与某些动词和句型有关。e.g.Haveyoufinishedreadingthenovel?你读完这本小说了吗？Mr.SmithenjoyslisteningtoChinesemusic.史密斯先生喜欢听中国音乐。Doyouthinkthefilmisworthseeing?你认为这部电影值得看吗？Thestudentsinourschoolarebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeeting.我校学生正在忙于准备将要举行的运动会。Thankyoufortellingmethegoodnews.感谢你告诉这个好消息。Wecouldn’thelpinglaughingwhenwewatchedthemonkeysinthezoo.我们在动物园观看猴子时情不禁地笑起来。I,msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.对不起让你等了这么久。Hespenttwohours(in)watchingTV.他看电视花了两个小时。【模拟试题】一.用括号内动词的适当形式填空：Itiseasy(be)wiseaftertheevent.I’msorry(disappoint)youbutIcan,tletyou(know)theresultoftheexamuntiltheendoftheweek.(complete)thatbookinthreemonthswasagreatachievement.Isawhim(run)themileinfourminutes.Hemademe(tell)himthewholestory.(tell)youthetruth,Idon,tknowwhattheansweris.He,sworkinglate(make)upforhisabsenceyesterday.(learn)aboutEnglishisonething;(know)Englishisquiteanother.Theboywasseen(take)themoney.Whydidn,tyoutry(persuade)him(come)withus?Wedon,twantanybody(know)thatwearehere.Icoulddonothingbut(pretend)thatIdidn,tknow.Wecannotbut(do)ashetellsus.CanIhelp(carry)thatheavybox?Herarelyleftthehouseexcept(attend)aparty.Whydon,tyougetyourwife(explain)ittoyou?Hedecidedtotelephoneratherthan(write).Whynot(wear)thathattotheball?Themanwaslet(go).Allyouhavetodois(keep)alltheresults.InoticedDiana(talk)withDavidforawhile.Heisknown(get)angryeasily.Hookwaslookingforsomeone(help)him.Iadvisedhim(ask)thebusconductorwhere(get)off.Ihadmeant(tell)youthetruthbutIwastoofrightened.Itisdangerous(cross)thestreetwithoutlookingaround.You'dbetter(notgo)therealone.Thenaughtyboyoftenmakeshismother(get)angry.Iheardthechild(cry)lastnight.Hewasmade(do)theworkatonce.Letme(introduce)myself.Weoftenwatchthem(play)football.Wehaven'tdecided(gowhere).Wouldyoumind(open)thedoor?Doessheenjoy(swim)?Thankyoufor(come)toseeme.Wecouldn'thelp(laugh)whenweheardthejoke.Hewasseen(fall)offthewall.Theteachersaidhewasnotworth(teach).Iwon'tkeepyou(wait)verylong.Isheoldenough(join)thePLA?Doyouhaveanythingnew(tell)us?Someonecame(see)youyesterday.44.Haveyoufinished_—(write)yourcomposition?45.Theyarebusy _(prepare)forthefinalexam..选择最佳答案1.WedecidedagainstNo.29MiddleSchoolthenexttime.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played2.Iwanted anewcoat.A.boughtherB.buyforherC.tobuyherD.buyher3.Theteachertoldthem skatingonthethinice.A.don'tgotoB.nottogotoC.notgoingD.nottogo4.Motherwarnedhim___ footballinthestreet.A.notplayB.nottoplayC.playnotD.tonotplay5.Theteachertoldthestudents .A.tostoptalkingB.stoptalkingC.tostoptotalkD.stoptotalk6.Hewastold inhisexercise-book.A.handB.tohandC.handedD.handing7.Lettheboy _afterhimself.I'msurehecandothat.A.tolookB.lookingC.lookD.tobelooked8.It'sbadmanners___inpublic.A.tospitB.spitC.spittingD.spat9.Idon'tknowwhethersheenjoys_____hats.A.wearB.wearsC.wearingD.towear10.Please meatthestationontime.A.tomeetB.meetingC.metD.meet11.Mikeisalwaysready others.A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping

12.Someonewasheardintotheemptyroom.A.go B.togoC.goingD.went13.A.Isawmanypeople intheswim B.swamriver.C.toswimD.wereswimming14.A.Couldyoutellmewhenyoucanread B.readsfinish__C. thesebooks?readingD.toread15.A.I'dlove acupofcoffeetohave B.having.C.haveD.had16.A.Thebookiswellworth .tobuy B.buyingC.buyD.bought17.A.Weareeager theresultknow B.knew.C.knowingD.toknow18.A.Hewasseen inthepark.walk B.towalkC.walkedD.walks19.A.Haveyoudecided foryourwherego B.gowhereholidaysC.?togowhereD.wheretogo20.A.Themanistooold .work B.toworkC.workingD.works三.将下列句子译成英语：.你不回信太没礼貌。.爬这样高的山似乎是不可能的。.请告诉我走哪条道。.他们想找个长凳坐坐。.有许多行李要照看。.这些规则容易记。.他关了所有的灯为了不浪费电。.我还未决定留还是不留.天气太冷我们不能游泳。.我们认为最好把答案先核对一下。.小心不要念错这个词。.老师让所有的男孩站成一排。.我说服那位女士吃中药。.这个主意被认为是很好的。.我希望很快收到你的信。

【试题答案】一.1.tobe2.todisappoint,know3.Tocomplete4.run5.tell6.Totell7.tomake8.Tolea