高中英语牛津译林版Unit3Amazingpeople重点词汇讲解3

Unit3AmazingpeopleI.词语辨析：1、with/by/in：均可解释为“用”，但有区别：with：指用“工具”.MostofuswritewithourrighthandsYoucanmakesomesentenceswiththesewords.by：指用“方式、手段”.Hemakesalivingbyrepairingbikesforpassers-by.Thiscarismadebyhand.(手工的）Shecameherebybike,notbybus.in：指用“材料”。.incash,inletters,inwords….Hewritesininkwhileshewritesinpencil.WeexpressourselvesinEnglishwords.2、disturb/interruptdisturb：妨碍、打扰、扰乱、使心神不宁.Loudnoiseswilldisturbourstudies.I’llbeverysorryifI’mdisturbingyou.Serrupt：打断、中断（工作、谈话或正在进行的事）.Sorrytointerruptyou,butIhavesthimportanttotellyou.Wehavetointerruptourworktodiscusstheproblem.Idon’tlikebeinginterruptedwhilespeaking.3、agreatdealof/agoodmany/alotof/scoresof/dozensof/alargenumberof/numbersof/plentyof/alargeamountofagoodmany/scoresof/dozensof/alargenumberof/numbersof：只用来修饰可数名词的复数。.Agoodmanystudentshaveseenthefilmalready.Numbersofbookshavebeendonatedtotheorphanhome.agreatdealof和alargeamountof：均用来修饰不可数名词。.Agreatdealof/alargeamountofwateriswasted.Hehasspentagreatdealof/alargeamountofmoneyontheexperiment.alotof/lotsof/plentyof：既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。.alotof/lotsof/plentyofmoney/books/people/time/questions…注：many/some/several等数词，一般在它们后面直接接名词的复数形式。但假如后面的名词前使用了1）人称代词2）指示代词3）冠词，或者后面接的不是名词，而是代词，则必须在many/some/several后面用介词“of.”。Manyofthestudentsinourclassarefromtown.SomeofthemhavebeentoBeijingonceortwiceII.重点词语和句型1、workas：充当、担任,=actas.Heworkedasacommanderduringthewar.SheworksasourEnglishteacher.workon：从事……、搞……(具体的事）.Heworksonthewallnewspaperinourclass.Mymotherisworkingonanewsreportthesedays.workat：在……（地方）上班、从事……（笼统的事）.Thescientistisworkingatanewinvention.Sheisworkinghardatherlessons.work的短语：beatwork：在工作、在运转；inwork：有职业、有工作；offwork：在休假、没去上班；outofwork：失业中、没工作；settowork：开始工作2、marry：vt.结婚、娶、嫁.HemarriedMarylastSummerandtheyareanicecouple.“Willyoumarryme,John?”Kateaskedearnestly.注：指“结婚”这件事，我们用：getmarried.Theygotmarriedfiveyearsagoandstillhavenochild.Thetwowillgetmarriednextspring.bemarried：（处于）已婚（状态）.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedforfiftyyears.Areyoumarriedorsingle?be/getmarriedtosb.：娶、嫁了某人.Shewasmarriedtoarichyoungman.Theyoungmangotmarriedtoarichladyyearsago.marriage：婚姻.Theirmarriagemadetheirparentsangry.3、contact：n.接触、交往，与with连用。beincontactwith：与……有来往、有联系.Heisstillincontactwithhisformerwife.Areyoustillincontactwiththem?getincontactwithsb.：与……联系=getintouchwithsb..Ihavebeentryingtogetincontactwithhim,buthavefailedsofar.keepincontactwithsb.：与……保持联系=keepintouchwithsb..Ihavekeptincontactwiththemforalongtime.makecontactwithsb.：联络某人vt.contactsb.：与……联系、联络.HowcanIcontactyouwhenIarriveatthestation?4、survive：vt.survivesth.：经历……还活着、由……中生还.Onlyatwo-year-oldboysurvivedthecaraccident.Fewhousesintheareasurvivedthehurricane.vt.survivesb.：比……长寿、在失去……之后还存在.Thelittlegirlsurvivedherparents.Therichmanwassurvivedbyhiswifeandson.5、relateto：和……有关.Yourwordshardlyrelatetowhatwearediscussingnow.Thereportrelatestothesaleofthetallbuilding.relateAtoB：把A和B联系起来。.ItishardforustorelateTomtosuchbadthings.Canyourelatewhathesaidtowhathedid?berelatedto：和……有关、有联系、有亲戚关系.Areyourelatedtotherichlady?Theyounggirlissaidtoberelatedtothefirelastnight.TheBlacksarerelatedtotheSmithsbymarriage.related：相关的、有关系的.Heaskedmesomemorequestionsrelatedtotheproblem.relation：关系、亲戚.Theirrelationappearstobequiteslight.What’stherelation(ship)betweenyouandthatoldman?maintaingoodrelationwithsb.：和……保持良好关系.Theyhavemaintainedgoodrelationwitheachotheraftergraduation.inrelationto：和……联系起来（谈、讲）.Pricesarehighinrelationtomysalary.Hedoesagoodjobinrelationtohisage.relationship：关系.What’stherelationshipbetweenyouandthatyounglady?Hisrelationshiptohisparentsisabittense.relative：亲戚、相对的.Heisoneofmyrelativesintheworld.Nothingisfixedintheworld,everythingisrelative.6、record：n.记录、唱片.betterarecord：刷新纪录；beat/breakarecord：破纪录；establish/setupanewworldrecord：创新的世界纪录Iliketolistentorecordofpopsongs.vt.记录、记下、记载.Thistaperecorderhasrecordedeverythingyousaidjustnow.Manyancientbooksrecordedthatthereweremanythingsthathappenedintheseplaces.7、inspire：vt.鼓舞、鼓励inspiresb.(todosth.).Whathesaidinspiredus(tostudyevenharder).Mother’sencouragingeyesinspiredmetotryagain.inspiring：鼓舞的、激励的.Hisinspiringspeechimpressedusdeeply.inspiration：给予激励的人或事HisbrotherwhoisnowstudyinginQinghuaUniversityisaconstantinspirationtohim.8、apply：申请、运用applytosb.forsth.：向某人申请…….Haveyouapplytotheschoolforaloan?Thelocalgovernmenthasappliedtothefederalgovernmentforhelp.Manypeopleappliedtothecompanyforjobs.applysth.tosth.：把……运用于…….Thenurseappliedabandagetomywound.Thisrulecanbeappliedtomanycases.Wewillapplythenewtechnologytoourwork.applyoneselftosth：专心于……、致力于…….Asastudent,youshouldapplyyourselftostudy.application：运用、申请、使用.Wereceivedmanyapplicationsforthejob.makeanapplicationtosb.forsth.9、in…order：1）以……次序、顺序.inalphabeticalorder：按字母表顺序；inregularorder=inusualorder：按常规顺序；inthewrongorder：次序错了；inchronologicalorder：按年代顺序2）处于……状态.ingood/badorderinorder：有次序的、井然有序的.Ilikeeverythinginorder.outoforder：杂乱的、有故障.ThewholeclassisoutoforderwhenIpassedby.Themachineisoutoforderandneedsrepairing.inorderto：为了……，后接动词原形。.Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotup15minutesearlierthanusual.inorderthat：为了……，后接句子。Hetookatraininorderthathecouldsaveseveralhours.10、purpose：目的、目标.achievepurpose：达到目的；answer/serveone’spurpose：符合需要；carryoutapurpose：实现目标；onpurpose：故意的purposedoing/todosth.：打算……、意欲做…….Theypurposedbuilding/tobuildanewbridgeovertheriver.11、support：支撑、支持、抚养、证明.Supportedbyhisson,theoldmancameoutoftheroom.Fourpillarssupportthewholeroof.Myideaissupportedbymanypeople.Hehasalargefamilytosupport.Anewfactsupportedmywords.12、thanksto：由于、多亏.Thankstoyourgeneroushelp,wefinishedourworkanhourearlier.Thankstoherefforts,theprojectwillbeasuccess.Thankstothebadweather,wehadtoputoffthesportsmeetingtillnextweek.能解释“由于、多亏”的短语还有：dueto…,owingto…,asaresultof….Hefellillduetosmokingheavily.Owingtotherain,thecropsweresaved.Asaresultofhishardwork,heisadmittedintoNanjingUniversitythisyear.13、switch：vt.使处于某位置、改变、摆动（尾巴）.Switchthisbuttontothe“on”position,andthetrainwilldriveSheisalwaysswitchingherjobs.Theboyswitchedsubjectsmanytimes,frommathstoEnglish,fromEnglishtophysicsandtomathsagain.Thehorseswitcheditstailtodrivethefliesaway.switchto：转而讨论……、转换到…….Thespeakersuddenlyswitchedtohischildhood.Afterthisdiscussion,wewillswitchtotheexercises.switchon：turnon；switchoff：turnoff14、courage：（uc.)勇气getupcourage：鼓起勇气；losecourage：丧失勇气；recovercourage：恢复勇气amanofcourage：有勇气的人；havethecouragetodosth：有做某事的勇气.Doyouhavethecouragetoadmityourmistakes?Ittakescourageandpatiencetodosuchthings..encourage：鼓舞、激励encouragesb.todosth.：鼓励某人做…….Thegoodnewsencouragedustogoonwiththeexperiment.encouragesb.insth.：鼓励、助长（某人的……）.Theteacher’swordsencouragedmeinmystudy..discourage：使气馁、使沮丧、使某人打消……念头discouragesb(fromdoingsth.).Thebadnewsdiscouragedusfromgoingonwiththework.Hisfirstfailurealmostdiscouragedhimfrombeingasinger.15、qualify：赋予（某人）资格、取得资格qualifysb.for/as.Thetwo-monthtrainingqualifiedhimforthejob/asateacherofEnglish.qualifyfor/as：有资格…….Didyouqualifyforthejob?/asateacher?qualifytodosth.：取得资格做…….Hehasqualifiedtobeateacher.Manystudentsqualifiedtostudyatuniversity.qualified：有资格的、适合的、称职的.Weallthinkheisaqualifiedteacher.bequalifiedforsth./todosth.：有资格做…….Doyouthinkyouarequalifiedforthejob?/todothejob?qualification：资格、执照，havethequalificationforsth./todosth.：由做……的资格、执照.DoyouhavethequalificationforteachingEnglish/toteachEnglish?16、control：vt.控制、克制.controlone’sanger：控制愤怒；controloneself：抑制自己的情感n.控制力、抑制力beyondcontrol：无法控制；incontrolof：管理、掌握；inthecontrolof：被……控制；losecontrolof：失去对……的控制；outofcontrol：不受控制；takecontrolof：控制、管理；undercontrol：受控制、平静无事.Thefirewasbeyondcontrolandsothebuildingwasburntdown..Mr.Blackisincontrolofthreefactories.Nowthecompanyisinthecontrolofanewmanager.Soontheriderlostcontrolofthehorseandhewasthrownontotheground.Itissaidthattheforestfireisnowundercontrol.17、conduct：n.行为、操行amanofgoodconduct：品行端正的人；therulesofconduct：行为准则；foolish/sillyconduct：愚蠢的行为；strangeconduct：奇怪的行为；shamefulconduct：可耻的行为.Hewaspunishedbyhisfatherbecausehisconductwastoobad.vt.指导、引导、指挥、进行conductanexperiment：做实验；conductameeting：开会；conductone’sjob：做工作.Aboyconductedustothestation.18、once：1）一次.IhaveneverbeentoBeijingonce.Maybeyoucantrytodoitonceortwice.2）曾经.Heoncelivedinabigcity.Oncetherelivedapoorfishermanbytheriver.3）一旦.OnceyougraspEnglish,you’llreadmanymorebooks.Onceyouunderstandme,you’llfindI’magoodfriend.19、prove：vt.证明1)provesth..Noonecanprovehisidea.Theexperimentagainprovedmytheory.2)prove+that…..ThenewevidenceprovedthatIwasright.Howdidyouprovethathewasthethief?3)provesb./sth(tobe)+n./adj..Timeagainprovedhisideawrong.Thefootprintprovedhim(tobe)themurderer.4)作系动词用，后接形容词或名词.Hiswordsproved(tobe)wrong/right.Thegentlemanproved(tobe)of：证据（proofs).Thenewproofsprovedhiminnocent.20、manage1）经营、管理（=run).Thishoteliswellmanaged.Nowheismanagingthefactoryforhisfather.2)操纵、使用（=operate).Heknowshowtomanageaplane.Heisyoung,buthecanmanagethecar.It’shardforyoutomanageamotorbikeinsuchastrongwind.3)（与can连用）设法做好、想办法做成managesth./managetodosth..Theboxisheavy,butIcanmanageit/tocarryit.ThefishissobigthatIcan’tmanageit/toeatitbymyself.management：经营、管理.Themanagementofthefactoryisquitegood.III.巩固练习：1、Itissaidthatthewholecarismade______hand.A.by B.with C.in D.for2、Thequietnightwas______atmid-nightbythesuddenaccident.A.disturbed B.interrupted C.troubled D.broken3、_______thebookswereburntinthefire,whichwasapity.A.Agoodmany B.Agreatdealof C.Anumberof D.Dozens4、Sheishereworking_____aninterpreterinthecompany.A.on B.as C.at D.in5、Herparents_____her_____themanthreeyearsago.A.gotmarried…toB.married…withC.married…toD.gotmarried…with6、Howlonghaveyou_____contactwiththem?A.got B.beenin C.kept D.made7、Thereport_____pollutionbyMr.Crossisreliable.A.isrelatedto B.relatedto C.beingrelatedto D.relatingto8、Withaboy_____him,thewoundedmanstruggledtostandup.A.supported B.tosupport C.supporting D.supports9、Mr.Wangisa______teacher.Hisclassesarelivelyandinteresting.A.qualifying B.qualification C.quality D.qualified10、Theideainthearticle_____helpfultous.A.proves B.isproved C.beingproved D.BothAandB11、—Ididn'tthinkyoulikedtea.—I____butI______now.A.didn't;can B.did;can C.usedn'tto;do D.usedto;do12、______atthedoorbeforeentering,please.A.Knocked B.Toknock C.Knocking D.Knock13、Theyconsidered_____acomputer,whichisconsidered_____agreathelpintheirwork.A.tobuy;tobe B.buying;being C.tobuy;being D.buying;tobe14、Itissaidthatinthecollegeonestudent_____four_____fromforeigncountries,A.of;isB.or;are C.in;isD.in;are15、Scientificexperiments_____outbystudentswithouttheteacher'sinstructionscanbedangerous.A.willbecarriedB.carried C.becarriedD.tocarry16、Thetalk_____bytheteachersounded_______.A.given;encourage B.giving;encouragingC.giving;encouragedD.given;encouraging17、—Doyoufeellike_________outforawalk?—No.I'dlike_________mylessonsathome.A.going;todoB.togo;todoC.togo;doingD.going;doing18、—Youdon'tneed________yourpenwashed,doyou?—No,itwritessmoothlyanddoesn'tneed________A.having;washingB.tohave;washingC.having;tobewashedD.tohave;beingwashed19、"Thebookisworthy_____"means"Thebookisworth______.A.ofreading;readingB.toberead;beingreadC.ofbeingread;beingreadD.toberead;reading20、Peopleusedto_____clothesofcottonandwool,butnowmoreandmoreothermaterialsareusedto____clothesaswell,A.make;makingB.make;makeC.making;makingD.making;make完型填空Whyissettinggoalsimportant?Becausegoalscanhelpyoudo,be,and___21___everythingyouwantinlife.___22___justlettinglifehappentoyou,goalsallowyoutomakeyourlifehappen.Successfulpeople__23__howtheirlifeshouldbeandsetlotsofgoals.Bysettinggoalsyouare___24___yourlife.It’slikehavinga__25__toshowyouwhereyouwanttogo.Thinkofitthisway.Thereare__26__drivers.Onehasadestination(hergoal)inmindwhichcanbefoundinamap.Shecandrivestraighttherewithoutany__27__timeorwrongturns.Theotherdriverhasnogoalotdestinationormap.Shestartsoffatthesametimefromthesameplace__28__thefirstdriver,__29__shedrivesaimlesslyaround,nevergettinganywhere,just__30__gas.Whichdriverdoyouwanttobe?Winnersinlifesetgoalsandfollowthemout.They_31_whattheywantinlifeandthengettherebymaking_32__andsettinggoals._33_peoplejustletlifehappenbyaccident.Goalsaren’tdifficulttosetandtheyaren’tdifficulttoreach.It’s_34_youtofindoutwhatyourgoalsreallyare.Youaretheonewhomustdecidethegoalsto_35__andinwhatdirectiontoaimyourlife.Research__36__usthatwhenwewriteagoa