2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破三：阅读理解专题之推理判断隐含意义题

第第页共6页2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破3阅读理解专题之推理判断隐含意义题【设问形式】1.推理判断隐含意义题常见设问形式：Itcanbeinferred/impliedfromthetextthatWhatdoweknowabout...?Wecaninferfrom...that.Whatdoestheauthormeanthat...?【考查方式】高考阅读理解隐含意义题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息去推断出作者没有直接表达出来的深层意思。推理判断隐含意义不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，准确理解出文章的言外之意，揭示文章的深层含义。答题羁路q推理判断隐含意义题解题思路：推理判断隐含意义题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，作者的言外之意。切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点，不能主观臆断。除此之外，还要注意几个误区：①原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。②文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论。③与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论。④不合常理或不合逻辑的推论。⑤虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。所以考生一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。实战演练【例题】例题1：2016全国1AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO'Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.31．24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.解析：C推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。例题2：2016全国2BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect（感染）otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI'mjustnotcreative.”“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep?”“Oh,sure.”“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That'sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou?”“Nobody.Idoit.”“Really—atnight,whenyou'reasleep?”“Sure.”“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?”WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.解析：D推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第二句“Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。【举一反三】AArmySpc.LaurenJahngetsemotionalwhentalkingaboutit—recallingthetimeshesawanAmericanflagflyingoutsideherhospitalroomandcouldn'tstandtosaluteit.＂Itreallyhurt,＂Jahnsays,referringtoboththephysicalandmentalpainshewasgoingthrough.＂AllofthehopesanddreamsIhad,ittakesawhiletorealizethatthey'regone＂.Justafewmonthsbeforethatmomentinthehospital,JahnhadjoinedtheU.S.Army.She'dmadeitthroughbasictrainingmostlyunscathedsaveforsomepaininhershins（胫），somethingsheowedtotheconcentratedrunning.Whenshefinallydecidedtoseeadoctoraboutthepain,sheexpectedtogetacleanbillofhealth.Insteadshegotdoctor'sordersforanMRI,andaphonecallnoonelikestoget.Thedoctorsaidsheneededtodiscussherresultsinperson.ThedayafterThanksgivingin2016,Jahnfoundoutshehadarareformofbonecancer.Thenshehadanoperation.Thefollowingmonthsofrecoverywerechallenging.Thesinglemotherofthreeyoungchildrenhadtofightoffdepressionasshealsolearnedtowalkagain.Shespentsixmonthsinawheelchair.ButitwasduringthistimethatJahnfoundoutaboutfittedsports—thingslikewheelchairbasketball,seatedvolleyballandtrackandfield—whereruleshavebeenchangedslightlytoletpeoplewithdisabilitiescompeteonalevelplayingfield.Whenshedecidedtotryoutarchery（箭术）,shediscoveredanewpassioninlife.JahntookhomesecondplaceinArcheryatthe2018DepartmentofDefenseWarriorGames,whereCBSNewsmether.ShenowhashersightssetonqualifyingfortheParalympicGames,oreventhe2020SummerOlympicGames.discussherresultsinperson.ThedayafterThanksgivingin2016,Jahnfoundoutshehadarareformofbonecancer.Thenshehadanoperation.Thefollowingmonthsofrecoverywerechallenging.Thesinglemotherofthreeyoungchildrenhadtofightoffdepressionasshealsolearnedtowalkagain.Shespentsixmonthsinawheelchair.ButitwasduringthistimethatJahnfoundoutaboutfittedsports—thingslikewheelchairbasketball,seatedvolleyballandtrackandfield—whereruleshavebeenchangedslightlytoletpeoplewithdisabilitiescompeteonalevelplayingfield.Whenshedecidedtotryoutarchery（箭术）,shediscoveredanewpassioninlife.JahntookhomesecondplaceinArcheryatthe2018DepartmentofDefenseWarriorGames,whereCBSNewsmether.ShenowhashersightssetonqualifyingfortheParalympicGames,oreventhe2020SummerOlympicGames.Iwantmykidstoseethatitdoesn'tmatterwhatyougothroughinlife,youcanstillbeactive,youcanstillchaseyourdreams.＂1.HowdidJahnfeelwhenherdreamsweregone?A.Astonished.B.Disappointed.C.Hurtful.D.Helpless.2.WhatdidJahnhopetoreceivewhileseeingadoctor?A.Doctor'scomfort.B.Lesseningthepainofshins.C.Somebills'rewards.D.Ahealthycertificate.WhathappenedafterJahnhadanoperation?Shenearlybrokedown.Shelostherthreechildren.Shenearlybrokedown.Shelostherthreechildren.C.Shewastrappedinawheelchair.D.Sheneverthoughtaboutwalkingagain.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?C.Shewastrappedinawheelchair.D.Sheneverthoughtaboutwalkingagain.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Shegetsonwellwithkids.Alldifficultiesaretemporary.A.Shegetsonwellwithkids.Alldifficultiesaretemporary.Shedesirestosetchildrenanexample.D.Lifeisnoteasyunlessyouareactive.Shedesirestosetchildrenanexample.D.Lifeisnoteasyunlessyouareactive.解析：A：【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。一位因患骨癌而残疾的母亲努力进行康复训练，走出了阴影。她学习箭术、刻苦训练并在比赛中获得亚军。C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Itreallyhurt"与AllofthehopesanddreamsIhad,ittakesawhiletorealizethatthey'判e断gon当她的梦想破灭时，她很难受。D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的Whenshefinallydecidedtoseeadoctoraboutthepain,sheexpectedtogetacleanbillofhealth.判断，当Jahn去看医生时，她想收到自己身体健康的证明。C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Shespentsixmonthsinawheelchair”可知，在手术之后，她

被困在轮椅中六个月，故选择C项，其他选项不符合文意。4.C【解析】推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，Jahn想告诉她的孩子们，无论生活中经历了什么，人仍然可以保持乐观积极，仍然可以追逐自己的梦想。故推断她希望为孩子们树立榜样，故选择C项。BMinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation（位置）wasalsoareason."Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,"hesaid."Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.＂Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.5.Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial?Itmaderoomfornewequipment.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?B.Itwasaboutthehi