2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破七：阅读理解专题之词句猜测题

专题7阅读理解专题之词句猜测题命题特点4【设问形式】Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword...inparagraph...?Theunderlinedword“...”means?Theword“...”refersto?Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?【考查方式】在高中英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型。这一题型重点考查了学生的猜测能力和判断能力。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。答题思路4词义猜测题主要指猜测单词或词义，常用方法：1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。2）根据同位关系进行猜测。3）根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测。4）根据同义词、反义词猜测。5）根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。代词指代题：在解决代词指代类题目时首先要宏观把握，充分把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；然后，微观入手，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。句意猜测题：解答句意猜测题时要仔细阅读文章，对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对划线句子做出合理的推理和判断。实战演练【例题】1.词义猜测：2016全国ICIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干纟田胞）inmylittleboxbecauservegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor捐献者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:”Well,I'mreallysorry,I'vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:”Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you'vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme.re-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou'regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody'slife.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph17AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctorWhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?ToLondonB.ToNewarkC.ToProvidenceD.ToWashington【答案】29.B30.D31.B【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干纟胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。29・B词义猜测题。根据本段内容I'vedone89trips和Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittlebox以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是deliveryman。故选B。D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast可知冰盒只能保持42消失适宜的温度。故选D。B纟田节理解题。根据第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，这位好心的女式首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选B。

2.代词指代：2016全国IICReadingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsjj.BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth."Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrossingtokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.Brucepetersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real"andnotthevirtual（虚拟）.Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?Toexplainwhattheyare.TointroduceBookCrossing.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?Thebook.B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.C.Passitontoanotherreader.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.C.Passitontoanotherreader.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?OnlineReading:AVirtualTourC.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBackKeepitsafeinhisbookcase.D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.ElectronicBooks:AnewTrendD.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks答案】29.B30.A31.C32.D解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，介绍了BookC所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。B目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出BookC,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站BookCA代词指代题。根据本句“...hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit”可知，那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物"thebook”。故A正确。C推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“...theideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome”可知，让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookC的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。D标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookC把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。3•句意猜测题：2017全国IIDWhenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate亲密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.ItstandsquietlyD.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?Theattackersgetattacked.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.34.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.predictnaturaldisastersB.protectthemselvesagainstinsectstalktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary35.whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Theworldischangingfasterthanever.PeoplehavestrongersensesthanbeforeTheworldismorecomplexthanitseemsPeopleinDarwin'stimewereimaginative.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。D【解析】细节理解题。根据"reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。A【解析】词义推测题。根据“Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch”，一旦它们到达这里，这些攻击者就会受到植物的攻击，故选A。B【解析】细节理解题，根据“ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked”及"Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway...”可知答案选B。C【解析】推理判断题。根据“imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon”可知，这个世界远比我们看至U或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。【举一反三】ASomeoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying（联合）voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.It'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty,“justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,”saysMoran.“Forme,it'stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion（情感）lie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight（感悟）onhowtalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,”saysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?Torememberthebirthofjazz.Toprotectculturaldiversity.Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?Itwilldisappeargradually.Itremainsblackandwhite.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D.Itchangesevery50years.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringtheFutureofJazzTheRiseandFallofJazzTheStoryofaJazzMusicianCelebratingtheJazzDay【文章大意】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。JasonMoran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。D细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying（联合）voiceacrosscultures.可知UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。C推理判断题。根据前文Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat（是JasonMoran的工作是帮助改变那一情况）可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选CoC细节理解题。根据第五段中的Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame可矢口Moran认为现在爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选CoA标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选AoBThereisanoldChineseproverbthatstates“Onegenerationplantsthetrees;anothergetstheshade,”andthisishowitshouldbewithmothersanddaughters.Therelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimesconfusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.Thesecharacteristicsincludeahierarchy（等级）ofresponsibilitiesandunconditionallove,whichprecludemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends.Marina,27yearsold,said,“Ilovespendingtimewithmymom,butIwouldn'tconsiderhermybestfriend.Bestfriendsdon'tpayforyourwedding.Bestfriendsdon'tremindyouhowtheycarriedyouintheirbodyandgaveyoulife!Bestfriend:don'ttellyouhowwisetheyarebecausetheyhavebeenaliveatleast20yearslongerthanyou.”Thisdoesn'tmeanthatthemotheranddaughterrelationshipcan'tbeverycloseandsatisfying.Whilesomeadultrelationshipsarestilltroubled,manyfindthemtobeextremelyrewarding.Thisgenerationofmothersandadultdaughtershasalotincommon,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofsharedcompanionship.Mothersanddaughtershavealwayssharedthecommonexperienceofbeinghomemakers,responsibleformaintainingandpassingonfamilyvaluesandtraditions.Todaycontemporarymothersanddaughtersalsosharetheexperienceoftheworkforceandtechnology,whichmaybringthemevenclosertogether.Bestfriendsmayormaynotcontinuetobebestfriends,butforbetterorworse,themotheranddaughterrelationshipispermanent,evenifforsomeunfortunatereasontheyaren'tspeaking.Themotherandchildrelationshipiscloserthananyother.Thereisnotanequalrelationship.Daughtersshouldnotfeelresponsiblefortheirmother'semotionalwell-being.Itisn'tthattheydon'tcaredeeplyabouttheirmothers.It'sjustthattheyshouldn'tbeburdenedwiththeirmother'swell-being.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipisarelationshipthatisnotreplaceablebyanyother.Mothersneverstopbeingmothers,whichincludesfrequentlywantingtoprotecttheirdaughtersandoftenfeelingresponsiblefortheirhappiness.Mothersalways“trump（胜过）”friends.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preclude”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Differ.A.Differ.B.Prevent.C.Benefit.D.Change.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipcanbereplacedbyabestfriend.Amother'slovebringsherandherdaughteraclosefriendship.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipgoesbeyondbestfriends'friendship.Marinahasatroubledrelationshipwithhermother.Howdoestheauthormainlyprovehisstatements?A.Bylistingdata.B.Bygivingexplanations.C.Byquotingsayings.D.Bymakingcomparisons.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoBeaGoodMotherandDaughter?WhoIsaMother'sBestFriend?C.MothersorFriends?CanaMotherBeaDaughter'sBestFriend?【答案】5.B6.C7.B8.D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，母女之间虽然有许多共同之处，她们的关系也可以很亲密，但不会成为最好的朋友，因为母女关系不同于朋友关系，它独具特点。友谊可以不再，但母女关系，无论好坏都会永存下去。词义猜测题。根据文章第一段However，themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.Thesecharacteristicsincludethehierarchy（等级）andunconditionallove,whichprecludemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends.”可知，母女关系的特性中包含的辈分差别所带来的不同程度的责任、义务以及无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友。后一句是对前一句的解释，说明为何母女关系不同于朋友关系。由此可知，画线词"preclude”意为“妨碍”。故选B。6推理判断题。根据文章最后一段...arelationshipthatisnotreplaceablebyanyother可知，母女之情是不可替代的，故A项错误；根据第一段最后两句However，themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.Thesecharacteristicsincludethehierarchy（等级）andunconditionallove，whichprecludemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends可知，由于母女关系的特性中包含的辈分差别所带来的不同程度的责任、义务和无条件的爱使得她们不会成为最好的朋友，故B项错误;根据第二段第一句中Ilovespendingtimewithmymom可知，D项错误;根据第四段第一句Bestfriendsmayormaynotcontinuetobebestfriends，butforbetterorworse，themotheranddaughterrelationshipispermanent...可知，友谊关系可以不再，但母女关系会永远存在下去，即母女关系超越了友谊。故选C。7推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于友谊。第二段引用Marina的观点说明这种不同性；第三至五段分别从母女关系中的共性因素、不同责任因素、母爱因素阐明了引起这种不同性的原因。故可以推断出作者主要证明他的陈述是通过解释说明。故选B。8主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Therelationshipbetweenamotheranddaughterissometimesconfusing.Ifclose,therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.及全文可知,本文属于议论文，第一段是中心段，提出了作者的观点，即母女关系不同于友谊关系。其余各段分别从不同角度论证了这个观点。故选D。CSalvadorDali（1904-1989）wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist'sshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.Theexhibitions