中国文化概览

8.8CulturalMosaicScienceandCivilizationinChina王恺怡

20121001227CulturalMosaicMosaic英[məʊ'zeɪɪk]n.马赛克;镶嵌图案;镶嵌工艺;[植]花叶病;adj.摩西的;拼花的;vt.镶嵌;用马赛克装饰;Mosaic马赛克最早起源于美索不达米亚一带，希腊、罗马地区最具盛行，发展至今已有几千年了。Mosaic（马赛克）原先的意思是由各种颜色的小石子组成的图案，又称“碎锦画”、“镶嵌细工”。现在马赛克已经由建筑衍生到家庭生活环境里，为生活增添许多美丽的风景。JosephNeedhamBiographyEarlyyearsNeedhamwastheonlychildofaLondonfamilyandhewaseducatedatOundleSchoolbeforereceivinghisbachelor'sdegreein1921fromtheUniversityofCambridge,master'sdegreeinJanuary1925anddoctorateinOctober1925.HehadintendedtostudymedicinebutcameundertheinfluenceofFrederickGowlandHopkinsandswitchedtoBiochemistry.JosephNeedhamScienceandCivilizationinChinaIn1948,Needham,proposedaprojecttotheCambridgeUniversityPressforabookonScienceandCivilizationinChina.Withinweeksofitbeingaccepted,theprojecthadgrowntosevenvolumesandithasexpandedeversince.ThefirstyearsweredevotedtocompilingalistofeverymechanicalinventionandabstractideathathadbeenmadeandconceivedinChina.ScienceandCivilizationinChinaTheseincludedcastiron,theploughshare,thestirrup,gunpowder,printing,themagneticcompassandclockworkescapements,mostofwhichwerethoughtatthetimetobewesterninventions.Thefirstvolumeeventuallyappearedin1954.ScienceandCivilizationinChinaVOL.I.IntroductoryOrientations导论VOL.Ⅱ.HistoryofScienceThought科学思想史VOL.Ⅲ.MathematicsandtheSciencesoftheHeavensandEarth数学与天地科学VOL.Ⅳ.PhysicsandPhysicalTechnology物理与物理科技NewWordsOrientation[ˌɔ:riənˈteɪʃn]

n.方向定位取向外交等方针态度的确定环境的判定任职培训

ScienceandCivilizationinChinaVOL.Ⅴ.ChemistryandChemicalTechnology化学与化学科技VOL.Ⅵ.BiologyandBiologicalTechnology生物与生物科技VOL.Ⅶ.TheSocialBackground社会背景NewWordsmagistery[‘mædʒɪstərɪ]

（炼金术或古代医药学中的）奇药，林丹妙药Cinnabar[英][ˈsɪnəbɑ:(r)]n.朱砂，辰砂Syntheticinsulin人工合成胰岛素Fermentation发酵FurtherStudiesWhatarethecontributionsoftheFourGreatInventionsofancientChinatotheworld?Fourgreatinventionsinhumanhistory,scienceandcultureleftabrilliantpage.Thesegreatinventionswhichhaveaffected,andthebenefitofthewholeworldtopromotetheprogressofhumanhistory.FurtherStudiesTrytoillustrateandexpl