翻译讲稿-常用翻译技巧

翻译讲稿

——常用翻译技巧2011年11月-12月Conversion,oneofthecommonlyadoptedtranslationtechniques,meansthechangeofpartsofspeechintranslation.OwingtothesyntacticaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish,itisusuallyimpossibleforatranslatortokeeptotheoriginalpartofspeechintheprocessoftranslation.I.ConversionConversioninEnglish-ChineseTranslationGenerallyspeaking,conversionofpartsofspeechinEnglish-Chinesetranslationtakesthefollowingforms.1.ConversionintoVerbsA.NounsconvertedintoverbsThesight

andsound

ofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到心弛神往。2)Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。3)IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我想我的小弟弟比我教的好。B.Prepositionsconvertedintoverbs1)“Coming!”Awaysheskimmedover

thelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.“来了!”他转身蹦跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。2)Partyofficialsworkedlonghours

on

meagerfood,in

coldcaves,

bydimlamps.党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是暗淡的油灯。3)Aforceisneededtomoveanobjectagainstinertia.使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。C.AdjectivesConvertedintoverbs1)Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsure

theycansavehislife.医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的性命。2)Thefactthatshewas

able

tosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobe

cautious.她能够给我带个信这件事就是个暗示，但是我必须小心谨慎。3)Bothofthesubstancesaresolubleinwater.两种物质都能溶于水。D.Adverbsconvertedintoverbs1)Asheranout,heforgottohavehisshoeson.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋。2)Whentheswitchisoff,thecircuitisopenandelectricitydoesn'tgothrough.

当开关断开时，电路就形成开路，电流不能通过。3)Inthiscasethetemperatureinthefurnaceisup.这种情况下，炉温就升高。2.ConversionintoNounsNounsaccountforanoverwhelmingpartofthevocabularyeitherinChineseorinEnglish,andtheconversionbetweennounsandotherpartsofspeechisalsofrequentlyadoptedinEnglish-Chinesetranslation.A.VerbsconvertedintonounsSomeverbsthatarederivedfromnounscanhardlybetranslatedliterallysotheyareusuallyconvertedintonouns.1)Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。2)Tothem,he

personifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来，他就是绝对权利的化身。3)Thedesign

aims

atautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。B.AdjectivesconvertedintonounsAdjectiveswiththedefinitearticlestoindicatecategoriesofpeople,things,oradjectivesusedaspredicativetoindicatethenatureofthingsmayalsobeconvertedintonouns.4)Theydidtheirbesttohelpthesick

andthewounded.

他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。5)Boththecompoundsareacids,theformerisstrong,thelatterweak.

这两种化合物都是酸，前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。6)Inthefissionprocess,thefissionfragmentareveryradioactive.

在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。C.PronounsconvertedintonounsEnglishpronounsaremorefrequentlyusedthanChinesepronouns.Inordertomakeclearwhattheyreallyreferto,wesometimeshavetoconvertthemintonouns,i.e.,torepeatthenounsthattheystandfor.7)Radiowavesaresimilartolightwavesexceptthattheir

wavelengthismuchgreater.无线电波与光波相似，但无线电波的波长要长得多。8)Thespecificresistanceofironisnotsosmallasthatofcopper.铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。9)Theresultofthisexperimentismuchbetterthan

that

ofpreviousones.这次实验的结果比前几次的实验结果都好得多。3.ConversionintoAdjectivesInEnglish-ChinesetranslationtherearesomecircumstancesinwhichvariousotherpartsofspeechinEnglishcanbeconvertedintoChineseadjective.A.NounsconvertedintoAdjectivesSometimesitismoreconvenientforatranslatortoconvertanEnglishnounintoaChineseadjective.1)Thepallor

ofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowsheisfeelingatthemoment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。2)Thisexperimentwasa

success.

这个实验很成功。3)Independentthinkingisanabsolute

necessity

instudy.学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。B.AdverbsconvertedintoadjectivesEnglishadverbsareusedmoreextensivelythanChineseadverbs;manyofthemcanbeconvertedintoChineseadjectives.1)Earthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.地震与断裂运动有密切的关系。2)Itisdemonstratedthatgasesareperfectlyelastic.已经证实，气体具有理想的弹性。3)Thepressure

insideequalsthepressureoutside.内部的压力和外部的压力相等。NotonlycanEnglishadverbsbeconvertedintoChineseadjectives,butalsointonounsoccasionally.4)Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。4.ConversionintoAdverbsSometimes,forthesakeofconvenience,somepartsofspeechinEnglishmaybeconvertedintoChineseadverbsinEnglish-Chinesetranslation.A.AdjectivesconvertedintoAdverbsThisisthemostcommoncasewhenanounmodifiedbyanadjectiveisconvertedintoaverbintheChineseversion.Sometimes,itisjustforthesakeofconvenience.1)Below4℃,wateriscontinuousexpansioninsteadofcontinuous

contraction.水在4℃不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。2)Onlywhenwestudytheirpropertiescanwemake

better

useofthematerials.只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。3)Ahelicopterisfreetogoalmostanywhere.直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方。B.NounsandverbsconvertedintoadverbsThisconversionisadoptedtomaketheversionconformtotheidiomaticChineseexpression.1)Ihavethehonortoinformyouthatyourrequestisgranted.我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。2)Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。3)Rapidevaporationattheheating-surface

tends

tomakethesteamwet.加热面上的迅速蒸发，往往使蒸汽的湿度变大。II.Omission1.OmissionofthePronounObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:Heputhishandsintohispocketsandthenshruggedhis

shoulders.他将双手放进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenstudyingthehouse,lookingatitsrooms,itselectricwiring,itspathanditsgarden.两周以来，他一直注意观察房子的情况，查看各个房间，留心电线的走向、通道和花园的布局。3)Theywentintodinners.Itwasexcellent,andthewinewasgood.Itsinfluencepresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithoutacrimony(言谈举止上的恶毒),butevenwithfriendliness.他们进入餐厅用餐。美酒佳肴，顿受感染，言谈间不但没有恶言恶语，甚至还充满友好之情。2.OmissionoftheArticleObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:1)

Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.月亮慢慢从海上升起。2)Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritisa

solid,aliquid,ora

gas.任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子组成。3)Thedirectionofaforcecanberepresentedbyan

arrow.力的方向可以用箭头表示。3.OmissionoftheprepositionObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:1)Smokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.公共场所严禁抽烟。Thedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower.这两台机器的差别在于功率不同。Hydrogenisthelightestelementwith

anatomicweightof1.0008.氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.0008.4.OmissionoftheconjunctionObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:1)Helookedgloomy

andtroubled.他看上去忧愁不安。2)If

Ihadknownit,Iwouldnothavejoinedinit.早知如此，我就不参加了。Likechargesrepeleachotherwhileoppositechargesattract.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。5.OmissionoftheverbObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencetoseewhatwordsareomitted:1)Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.气压低，沸点就低。2)Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.如同液体和气体一样，固体也能膨胀和收缩3)Forthisreasontelevisionsignals

haveashortrange.因此，电视信号的传播距离很短。OmissionoftheImpersonalPronoun“It”Thisoftenoccurswhen“it”ismeaninglessorempty.Outside

it

waspitchdarkand

itwasrainingcatsanddogs.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。Thisformulamakesiteasytodeterminethewavelengthofsounds.这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简单。It

wasnotuntilthemiddleofthe19thcenturythattheblastfurnacecameintouse.直到19世纪中叶，高炉才开始使用。III.AmplificationAmplificationinEnglish-ChineseTranslationObservethefollowingEnglishsentencesandtheirChineseequivalencestoseewhatwordsareaddedandwhatwordsareomitted.Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演以后，他还记得起草最后公报。（amplificationofverbs增加动词/tomakeabstractconceptclear）Hedismissedthemeetingwithoutaclosingspeech.他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。（增加动词）Basically,thetheoryproposed,amongotherthings,thatthemaximumspeedpossibleintheuniverseisthatoflight;…就其基本内容而言，这一学说提出的论点包括：光速是宇宙中最快的速度；……（增加修饰词，以示强调）Ideally,oneday,researcherswillknowenoughaboutthegenesisofearthquakesandthenatureofparticularfaultstopredictquakesdirectly.(TheEc