无线射频识别技术外文翻译参考文献

1、无线射频识别技术外文翻译参考文献（文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译）翻译：当前无线射频识别技术应用略述摘要无线射频识别技术可以自动识别多目标并以非接触式方式移动目标。越 来越多的零售商、银行、交通管理系统、展览及物流供应商将这项新技术应 用于他们的产品和服务。因此，这给RFID技术的研究带来了机遇和挑战。本 文简单介绍了 RFID系统的组成、原理及RFID技术的特点。本文比较了 RFID 与传统条码，然后提供了一个简短的关于目前RFID应用情况的调查报告。关键词：无线射频识别技术应用物流、简介无线射频识别(RFID)是一种识别技术。与RFID技术的前身条码 技术相比，RFID技术具有很多的

2、优点。但由于其成本高，RFID技术至今未 能广泛应用到各行各业。RFID技术因其无需视线扫描而具有无可比拟的先进 性，它能够降低劳动力水平，提高知名度并改善库存管理。RFID技术的普及提供了一项人或物体定位及追踪的解决方案。RFID定 位与跟踪系统根据独特的识别标签、阅读器与物体标签间射频通信的信号强 度确定物体的空间位置，主要适用于室内，而GPS系统是不适合应用于室内 的。RFID技术是一项基于“无线电频率”的非接触式的自动识别技术，自动 识别静态或动态的人和对象。RFID标签是一个特殊的微芯片，植入商品中， 可以跟踪和管理物理对象，是物流管理信息化和跟踪信息化的重要手段。RFID的系统组成

3、部分包括：标签(应答器)：对象植入待确定。阅读器：可以读或读/写，按结构和技术。正如图1-1，RFID的工作 原理图1-1 RFID的工作原理二、目前RFID技术的研究重点由于RFID技术日趋成熟且RFID标签价格下降，RFID越来越受到工业界 和学术界的关注。通过在物品上贴射频标签，我们就可以跟踪和管理这些对 象。这项技术会逐渐取代目前的广泛采用的条码系统。（一）RFID标签与条码条码技术广泛采用于商品和对象的识别。我们能够在超市的任何包装产 品上找到条码。Zebra公司是领先的条码供应商之一，它为全世界超过一百个 国家提供专业数码印刷及自动识别解决方案。二十年前，该公司主要生产标 准标签。

4、如今，Zebra开展RFID业务。从应用角度来看，尤其是在零售业方 面，条码和RFID有着相似的市场应用点。RFID技术会取代条码吗？从概念的角度来看，RFID标签和条码标签也有相似之处。通过提供一种 易于识别的取货码，管理便利店商品。两者之间的主要差别是条码技术采用 只读方式且必须在阅读器规定的线路上读取。与条码相比，RFID通过无线电 传输数据且能够改变存储在RFID标签上的数据。这种远距离的非接触式自动 化操作有效减少人力需求。RFID最先进的一点是它可以在同类型的产品中识 别个别物品。RFID为供应链所有进程中单一商品提供实时跟踪环境。基于这 些功能，RFID技术减少了仓储，配送和库存

5、成本。这直接为企业带来更多的 利润，显著提高客户服务质量。（二）射频标准的发展企业逐渐认识到RFID产品和服务创造的巨大商机。RFID技术主要在美 国，日本，韩国和中国发展。美国食品和药品管理局国际部已经开始推动RFID 技术的发展，沃尔玛就是一个成功的例子。沃尔玛用RFID产品取代条码节省 67亿美元，6亿美元存储成本及5.7亿美元丢失盗窃成本。然而，RFID技术 还没有一个单一的全球标准。美国正在建立本国的RFID硬件和应用标准，欧 洲标准主要遵循美国的标准。日本在智能通信和家电领域有深入的研究。日本提出的UID标准目前只 应用于本土。日本经济贸易和产业部（METI）正在推动RFID在日本

6、的发展 和应用。日本经济贸易产业部的两个主要任务是降低RFID标签成本、促进日 本标准全球化。韩国的研究和开发集中在自动化和智能家电方面。中国政府也意识到了 RFID产业价值，并制定自己的RFID标准。中国因 其大规模宽领域的工业而被称为“世界工厂”。因此，中国有潜力发展自己 的标准。虽然与上述国家相比中国的RFID行业起步较晚，但其成长迅速，正 逐渐成为全球极具竞争力的国家。一些公司如Invengo,正在开发其自主品牌 的RFID产品。（三）目前射频技术的发展硬件组件对于所有RFID系统而言是共同的，而不同的软件形成不同的 RFID应用。硬件方面的主要问题包括：产品小型化、降低成本、大制作等

7、。一些公司如德国西门子，加快RFID芯片的发展，快速丰富自己的产品以 满足用户的需求。目前超高频RFID芯片的集成度已大大增加。第二代（Gen.2）RFID标签很快取代上一代，并在应用市场占主导份额。 富士通首次开发的64 KB内存RFID标签访问速度高、存储量大，已经成功应 用于航空业。阅读器的价格不断递减，RFID读取器的功能不断加强而价格却 不断递减。最近一年，微软发布了 BizTalk Server，这种服务器将RFID技术 与微软的产品应用集成。由于RFID系统成为日常生活的重要部分，敏感且私人信息都可能存储在 RFID标签中。这一安全威胁变得越来越严重，限制了 RFID技术的推动和

8、发 展。由于RFID标签成本和空间的限制，RFID技术通常不具备高功率的安全 机制。RFID标签是易受攻击的。如果没有适当的安全措施，任何人都可以用 RFID读写装置阅读、修改和删除一个RFID标签上的数据。而且RFID标签 很容易复制，这对门禁系统而言是一大威胁。现在，一些安全措施可供应用方面使用。例如，ISO为数据认证颁布的 15693标准已经应用于银行卡授权和建设门禁系统。然而，所有的安全措施都 有一些缺点，它已成为关于RFID技术的热门研究话题。三、射频技术的主要应用RFID技术的应用主要集中在物流、零售业、收费系统、机票、医疗保健， 安全和识别系统。（一）物流其中最著名的RFID技术

9、的应用之一是供应链管理。RFID标签附在商品 上。RFID阅读器跟踪供应链中的物品或零件及所有的物品从产地到销售点。 Megatrux是世界100强物流公司之一，其将摩托罗拉公司的RFID计划应用到 供应链管理。他们的客户服务得到改善，而成本却大大降低。RFID技术在产品交付方面很有价值。我们利用贴在物品上的RFID标签 跟踪产品从拣货到提交的移交过程和当前位置。RFID技术能够缓解人为失误 造成的错误交货，并不要求像条码一样一对一的视线阅读。在识别大批量的 货物时，减少了时间并节约阅读标签成本。在2005年，澳大利亚邮政开始在 国内邮政服务范围内处理RFID标签信封。联邦快递开始测试RFID

10、技术的应 用，用其跟踪包裹的温度、位置、湿度水平和交货状态。在服装行业，RFID技术应用于生产、分销和零售。RFID系统可以提供 库存可视性，加强顾客购物体验。该系统能够知道哪些衣服客户挑选的频率 最高，并根据标签提供服装定制广告。美国服饰在其旗下的八个商店运用RFID 系统。该系统每周节省劳动力约60-80小时。日本服装制造商Sankei在制造 过程利用RFID系统跟踪服装并促进网上销售。（二）零售业在零售行业，RFID技术通常用于收集客户数据。通过跟踪这些数据，用 户可以获得关于产品库存的实时信息。进一步利用数据能够提供更多有用的 信息并协助决策。例如，在一家超市，当顾客进入超市时，给每位

11、顾客提供 一个互动装置。他们可以利用该装置输入个人信息（年龄、性别、职业等） 并拟定购物清单。然后，该设备向顾客返回建议购物路线、相关产品和折扣 信息。当顾客就近选取商品或向自己的购物车放入商品时，先前部署的RFID 阅读器将汇总这些变化。随后，应用软件将分析这些资料，向顾客发送新的 建议。数据挖掘和其他器械学习技巧能够发现隐藏的顾客行为、购物习惯、 商品与青睐物品之间的关联。结束语RFID技术具有很多优点，如以高精度、非接触的方式同步采集大量数据 等。RFID技术对我们的生活影响越来越大，逐渐取代超市和物流管理中的条 码。目前，射频技术最广泛的应用是的访问控制和货物位置追踪。实际上， RFI

12、D技术提供个体物品识别和在线多变数据存储的功能。对于这些附加功能， 我们要创造一个更好的工具。因此，我们期待新一代的RFID应用纳入智能化。 智能化的RFID应用可能带来新的研究和商业机会。此外，它有助于进一步降 低成本、提高客户服务，并提供商业模式更新的洞察力。五、参考文献1 Kuo shien Huang and Shun ruing Tang,RFID Application Strategy and Deployment in Bike RentingSystem,International Conference on Advanced CommunicationTechnology,

13、PP.660-663,Feb,2008 Landt J.The history of RFID,Potentials,Vol 24,No.4，PP. 8.11,Nov.2Michael K.and MeCathie L.,The Pros and Cons of RFID in Supply Chain Management. InternationalConference on Mobile Business， PP. 623. 629，July 2005.Allen Nogee, Tags and Chip:Changing the World for Less Then The Pric

14、c of A Cup Of Coffee,In-Stat/MDE,PP. 14，December,2004原文:A Brief Survey on Current RFID ApplicationsAbstractRFID can automatically identify multi-target and moving target in non-contact method. there are an increasing number of retailers,banks,traffic managements,exhibitions and logistic providers pr

15、acticing this new technology to their products and services.Therefore,it brings both opportunities and challenges to RFID researchers.This article briefly introduced component, principle and characteristic of the RFID technology.In this paper we compared RFID and the traditional bar code,and then pr

16、ovide a brief survey on RFID applications .Keywords:RFID Application LogisticIntroductionRadio frequency identification (RFID) is a new identification technology. RFID has a greater number of benefits than its predecessor, the bar code. It is not universally adopted in many industries due to its hig

17、h cost hitherto. However, RFID is unmatched advanced because it does not require sight scanning, it acts to reduce labor levels, enhances visibility, and improves inventory management.The popularization of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) provides a solution of the location/ tracing of human or

18、 objects. RFID location and tracing system,measures the space location of object based on unique identification tag and signal intensity of RF communication between reader and tag in object, mainly apply to indoor location, which GPS system is not suitable for .RFID, a non-contact automatic identifi

19、cation technology based on “Radio Frequency”，automatically identify static/moving object/human. RFID tag, a special microchip, implanted in commodity, can trace and manage physical object, is an important means of logistics management informatization and tracing informatization .The component of RFI

20、D system including:Tag (transponder): implanted in object to be identified.Reader: can read or write/read, according to the structure and technology. As figure 1, RFID work principle.TagCommunicate with computerReadereEmit ID code and dataElectromagnetic wave (operation instruction and new data)Comm

21、unicate with computerEmit ID code and dataReadereTagElectromagnetic wave (operation instruction and new data)Figure 1-1,RFID work principleCurrent Research Focuses of RFIDWith the growing maturity of RFID technology and the drop in price of RFID tags,RFID attracts increasing interests from both indu

22、stry and academic.By attaching RFID tags on objects,one could keep track on and manage those objects.This technology gradually replaces current widely adopted barcode systems.2. 1.RFID Tag and Bar codeBar code is widely adopted for goods and object identification.One could find bar code on every pac

23、kaged item in supermarkets. Zebra Company is one of the leading bar code providers and provides on-demand specialty digital printing and automatic identification solutions in more than 100 countries around the world.About twenty years ago, the company mainly produced the standard labels. Now Zebra a

24、lso moves to RFID business.From the application point of view, bar code and RFID share a similar market, especially in retail aspect. Will RFID replace bar code?From conceptual point of view, RFID tag and bar code are also similar.Both of them target to facilitate goods management by providing an ea

25、sy to fetch identification code.There are two major differences between them, barcode is read-only and must be in line-of-sight from the reader .Comparing with bar code.RFID is able to transmit data by radio frequency and alter data stored on the RFID tag chip.This long range and non-contact operati

26、on allows automation to reduce man power requirement.The most important advancement of RFID over barcode is that it allows identification of individual item from a group of same type products.RFID also provides real-time traceability environment for individual item through all process in the supply

27、chain. Owing to these features, RFID reduces the cost for warehouse, distribution and inventory.This directly brings more profit to companies and improves customer service remarkably.Development of RFID StandardEnterprises gradually realize the great business opportunities created by RFID products a

28、nd services.Major developments of RFID technologies are located at USA,Japan,Korea and China.For examples, Wal-Mart,the international department of the United States,the United States Food and Drug Administration have promoted the development of RFID.A successful example is Wal-Mart.They replaced so

29、me barcodes by RFID products which saved US$6.7 billion barcode cost,US$0.6 billion storage cost and US$0.57 billion missing and theft cost.However, RFID does not have a single global standard yet. USA is developing its RFID standard for both hardware and application areas.The RFID standard of Europ

30、ean mainly follows the USA standard.Japan has strong research and product lines on intelligent communication and home appliances.Japanese proposed the UID standard which is adopted in Japan homeland only.Japanese Ministry of Economy ,Trade and Industry(METI) is pushing for the development and applic

31、ations of RFID in Japan.The two major missions of METI are to reduce the cost of RFID tags and to promote the Japanese standard to worldwide.Korea focuses their RFID research and development on automation and home appliances5 intelligent.The China government also realizes the industrial value of RFI

32、D and is formulating its own RFID standard. China is considered as the “world factory” because of its large scale and wide range of industry. Therefore, China has the potential to develop its own standard. In comparison to aforementioned countries, although China is late in starting its RFID industr

33、y, it grows up rapidly and is gradually becoming very competitive in worldwide. Several companies,e.g. Invengo,in China are making progress on the development of their own brands of RFID products.Current RFID Technology DevelopmentHardware components are common to all RFID applications while differe

34、nt software leads to different RFID application, Major issues in RFID hardware include product miniaturization,cost reduction, large production,etc.Some companies,such as German Siemens, speeded up the development of RFID chips to enrich their products and to meet users needs.The integration density

35、 of current UHF RFID chips has been greatly increased.The new Generation 2(Gen.2) RFID tags quickly replace old generation tags and have a dominant share on the RFID application market. Fujitsu developed the first RFID tag with 64 KB memory which has been successfully adopted in aviation industry ow

36、ing to its high access speed and large storage.The price of RFID readers are monotonically decreasing while the capacities of RFID readers are enhancing, in recent year, Microsoft issued the BizTalk Server which integrates the RFID with Microsoft product application.As RFID systems becoming an impor

37、tant part of everyday life, sensitive and private information may be stored in RFID tag. This security threat becomes more serious and puts a severe limitation to the promotion and deployment of RFID applications.However, owing to the limitation of space and cost of a RFID tag, RFID tag usually does

38、 not equip with high power security mechanism.RFID tags are frangible to attack .Without appropriate security , anyone could read, alter and delete data on the RFID tags with a RFID reader/writer.Moreover, RFID tags are easy to clone. This is a big threat to access control system.Now,a number of sec

39、urity measures are available for applications.For example.The ISO standard 15693 for data authentication is adopted in bank card authorizations and building access control systems.However,all security measures have some shortcoming and it has become a hot research topic in RFID.Major RFID Applicatio

40、nsRFID applications focus on logistic,toll system,ticket, healthcare,security and identification systems.LogisticOne of the most famous RFID applications is supply chain management. RFID tags are attached to goods. Items or parts in the supply chain and all items are tracked by RFID readers from man

41、ufacture to point of sales. Megatrux ,a top l00 logistics company in the world, has applied Motorola RFID plan to its supply chain management. Their customer services have been improved while the costs have been reduced greatly.RFID also has a great value in product delivery. We could track the hand

42、ing process and current location of the product from pick up to delivery with RFID tag attached on it. It helps to relieve incorrect delivery owing to human mistakes. It does not require one to one line of sight reading which is required for barcode. This reduce the time and cost of reading tags for

43、 a large batch of goods.The Australia Post begun processing RFID-tagged envelops in domestic mail service in 2005.Federal Express runs a pilot test on the application of RFID technology to track packages temperature,location,humidity levels and delivery status.In apparel industry ,RFID is applied in

44、 manufacturing, distribution and retail.RFID system provides inventory visibility and enhances customer shopping experience.The RFID system is able to know which clothes being picked up by customers most frequently and to provide customized advertisement on picked clothes according to the RFID tags.

45、American Apparel applied RFID system to eight of their stores. it helps to save about 60-80 hours per week in labor .Japanese apparel manufacturer Sankei utilizes a RFID system in clothing manufacturing to track clothes during the manufacturing process and facilitate online sales.RetailIn retail ind

46、ustry, RFID are usually used to collect customer data.By tracking those data, one may have a real time visibility on the stocks of products. However, the data could be further utilized to provide more useful information and assist in decision making.For example,in a supermarket, every customer is gi

47、ven an interaction device when entering the supermarket.With the device,they can input personal information(age, gender, occupation, etc) and intended shopping list.Then,the device returns the customer a suggested shopping route,advertisement on related products and discount information.RFID readers deployed will collect those changes when the customers get close to a selected shelf or put some goods in their shopping carts. The application software will then analyze the information to make new suggestions to customers.Data collected for a day could be studied to enhance the validi