八年级下uinit6讲解

Unit6.Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?SectionA.1.collectv收集—collectionn收藏—collectorn收藏家collectstamps/coins收集邮票/硬币haveacollectionofbooks收藏书①Tomhasbeen___________stampssincehewasinGradeThree.②Heisagreat__________.Nowhehasagreat________ofstamps.(collect).()③____you____stampssinceyouweresix?A.Did;collectB.Do;collectC.Have;collectD.Have;beencollecting2.skate(1)n溜冰鞋apairofskates一双溜冰鞋(2)v滑冰Helenhasbeen________________(skate)sinceshewasfive

3.howlong/howfar/howsoon/howoften词义特点:howlong多长时间，(1)多长回答for+一段时间或since+一段时间+ago(2)多长询问物体自身的长度howfar多远询问两者之间的距离howsoon多久（时间短）询问时间，回答多用in+时间howoften多久一次询问频率，如usually,threetimesaday等

()①--______didyouliveinthecountryside?--For6years.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howold()②–HowlongmayI_____thebook?--Fortwoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.buy()③--_____willyourbrothercomebackhome?--Inaweek.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowfarD.Howlong()④--_____haveyoubeenawayfromyourhometown?--Forabout13years.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.HowlongD.Howfar4.pair“一双，一对”apairof“一双……,一对……”apairofglasses一副眼镜apairoftrousers一条裤子【拓展】(1)与短语apairof连用的词还有：pants,shorts,socks,shoes,chopsticks等。(2)pair为单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式/pair为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thispairofshortsisverycheap.ThesetwopairsofshoesaremadeinChina.

()①Jackbought____intheshoeshopyesterday.A.apairofskatesB.apairskatesC.apairofskateD.twopairofskates()②Thispairofshoes___verynice____expensive.A.are;butB.is;butC.are;andD.is;or5.threeandahalfyears三年半“几个半”的表达：(1)数词+and+ahalf+名词复数

(2)数词+名词单/复数+and+ahalftwoandahalfdays=twodaysandahalf两天半oneandahalfhours=onehourandahalf一个半小时()①–Howmuchsugardoyouwant?--________.A.TwokilosandhalfB.TwokilosandahalfC.TwoandhalfkilosD.Twoandhalfakilo（）②Theboyalwaysstaystherefor_____.A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandahalfC.oneandahalfhourD.oneandahalfhours6.raisev募集，筹集，举起raisemoneyfor…为……筹钱raiseone’shand举手raisethenationalflag升国旗raisemoneyforcharity

()①Wehadapartyto___moneyforthedoctorsandnurseslastnight.A.getB.makeC.raiseD.find()②Moreandmorepeople____moneyforthepoorstudents.A.riseB.raiseC.takeupD.putup7.severaladj.数个的，几个的=afew+可数名词复数IhavebeentoNewYork______________(几次).8.thefirstonetodosth.第一个做某事的人Thelastonetodosth最后一个做某事的人①Heisthefirstone___________(get)toschooleveryday.②Annawasthe_________(one)studenttogotoschoolthismorning.9.whole/all(1)限定词+whole+n(2)all+限定词+nthewholeday=allday整天allmylife=mywholelife我的一生()①Iplayfootball____.A.alldayB.wholedayC.wholetheday()②Thedoctorsspenttwo____hoursinsavingthedriver’slife.A.wholeB.theirwholeC.allD.alltheir()③Shestayedathomefor_____.A.wholefivedaysB.thewholefivedaysC.allfivethedaysD.theallfivedays10.each/every(1)each①adj.“(两者或两者以上中的)每一个”,后接名词单数Theteachergaveeachstudentapresent.②pron.表示（两个或两者以上的中的）每一个，后接of.构成“eachof…”Eachof做主语，谓语动词用单数EachofthestudentshasabooksIhishand.(2)everyadj.表示（三者或三者以上中的）每一个，后接单数。Everystudentishere.Eachofthestudents_________(have)adictionarynow.

11.since/forSince引导的时间状语是一个时间点，表示“从某时间开始”for引导的时间状语是一个时间段，表示“已多长时间”★since(1)conj.引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。(2)prep,连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+agoIhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.ShehasbeeninWuhansincefouryearsago.【拓展】since+(1)过去时间点since2003Hehaslivedtheresince1998.(2)过去时间段+agosincetwoyearsagoHehaslivedtheresincetenyearsago.(3)一般过去时的句子sincehecamehereHehaslivedtheresinceImethim.(4)一般过去时+过去时间点HehaslivedtheresinceImethimtenyearsago.

★for+一段时间Hehaslivedtherefortenyears.

()①–HowlonghasElizabeenanurse?--___.A.Since2002B.FouryearsagoC.In2002()②–Howlonghaveyoubeenswimming?--______.A.FortenyearsagoB.SincetenyearsC.Since1998D.For1998

12.it/one/thatone表泛指，只代替可数名词，指代前面提到的同类事物中的“一个”it表特指，代替前面提到的同一事物，可指代可数名词或不可数名词that相当于theone,用于特指，可代替可数名词或不可数名词，复数是those()YourMP4isquitecheap.Wheredidyoubuy____?Iwanttobuy____,too.A.one;oneB.it;itC.it;oneD.one;it

Exercise:I.用所给词的正确形式填空1.Hishobbyis_______________(collect)kites.2.Wouldyouliketogo___________(skate)withus?3.Jackhasbeen___________(swim)fortwohours.4.Thestudentsarecollectingwastepaper__________(raise)moneyforthepoorgirl.5.6.Howlonghashebeen_________(collect)toys?7.“Whydoyoulikecollectingtickets?”“Becausetheyare_________(interest).”8.Theboys_____________(play)footballfortwohours.9.Mymother___________(work)theresincelastyear.10.Ithinktodayis__________(sun)thanyesterday.11.Wedon’tgetonuntilthebus___________(stop)12.We____________(learn)Englishsinceoneyearago.13.Youmustthinkabout__________(buy)heragift.14.She’sbeen___________(swim)fortwohours.15.MissWhite___________(teach)usEnglishlastyear.II.单项选择()1.–Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?--______Iwasnineyearsold.A.AsB.ForC.SinceD.Because()2.Thispairofshoes_____formymother.A.isB.areC.beD.am()3.Mr.White____forthirtyyears.A.havebeenteachingB.hasbeenteachingC.hasteachingD.hasbeteaching

()4.–Howlonghaveyoubeeninclasstoday?--_____twohours.A.BeforeB.ForC.UntilD.Since()5.Tom____forfouryears.A.leftB.comeC.hasbeenlearningEnglishD.hasbeenEnglish()6.--_____doyougoforatripwithyourfamily?--Aboutonceayear.A.HowoftenB.HowmanyC.HowlongD.Howmuch

()7.Jimwasthelastone_____outoftheclassroomwhentheballrang.A.goB.goesC.goingD.togo()8.Somefamoussingersaregoingtoputonashow__moneyforthosepoorchildren.A.raiseB.raisingC.toraiseD.raised()9.Howlong___theybeen____?A.have;runB.have;runningC.has;runningD.has;run

()10.--_____haveyoubeenlearningEnglish?--IhavebeenlearningEnglishforsixyears.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.Howfar()11.Myglassesarebroken.Ineedtobuyanother_____.A.oneB.pairC.glassD.it()12.Jim_______stampsforthreeyears.A.collectB.collectsC.collectedD.hascollected

()13.–Mum,thetrousersareoutofstyle.Ineedtobuy____.A.anotheroneB.itC.anotherpairD.anotherpiece()14.—When___you____lastnight.?--At9:00p.mA.has,arrivedB.did,arriveC.is,arrivingD.has,beenarriving()15.Myunclehasbeenworkinginthishospital.________.A.fortwoyearsB.twoyearsagoC.sincetwoyearsagoD.AandCSectionB.1.anyone=anybody“任何人”【用法】(1)用于疑问句，否定句(2)做主语时，谓语动词用单数(3)在肯定句中，表示“任何人，有人”【拓展】some,any,every,no可与one,body,thing等构成不定代词指物somethinganythingnothingeverything指人somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneononeeveryone用法用于肯定句用于否定句或疑问句表示否定用于肯、否或疑问句

()①Johnwastooshytotalkto____attheparty.A.anyoneB.someoneC.nooneD.everyone()②–Isthisyourshirt?--No,it’snot____.Itmaybe____.A.yours;someoneelseB.mine;someoneelse’sC.mine;someone’selseD.yours;someone’selsehowmany+可数名词复数“多少”（对可数名词的数量提问）

howmuch+不可数名词“多少”

(对不可数名词的数量及价格提问)Howmany______________(sheep)inthehill?3.thanksfor+n/ving因……而感谢Thanksforinvitingme.thanksto=withthehelpof=becauseof幸亏，由于①Thanksfor__________(clean)theroomforme.②Thanksfor_________(send)methesnowglobe.

()③______yourhelp,Ipassedtheexam.A.ThanksforB.ThanktoC.ThankstoD.Thanks()④____helpingus.Wefinishedtheworkontime.A.ThankstoB.ThanksC.ThanksforD.Thanksof()⑤______meumbrella.A.ThankyoufortakingB.ThanksyoutogiveC.ThankstotakeD.Thankyouverymuchforgiving4.(1)runoutof用完，（主语是人，指用完时间、金钱等）(2)runout=useup用完（主语是时间、金钱、食物等）（）①Shehas___moneytobuyanewcar.A.runoutofB.ranoutofC.runnedoutofD.runout()②I____allthemoneywhenshopping,Ihadtowalkhome.A.caredforB.ranoutofC.gaveawayD.gotoutof5.room(1)房间（可数名词）(2)空间（不可数名词）()①Thereisn’tenough___forustostandin,becausethe____inhishousearetoosmall.A.rooms;roomsB.room;roomC.rooms;roomD.room;rooms()②Isthere_____foroneormoreinthecar?A.aroomB.roomC.roomsD.place6.infact=actually事实上，实际上()___,Iamnotinterestedinshowingphotosofmonster.A.InthefactB.InfactC.InthewayD.Ontheway7.bytheway顺便问一下（用于引导下一话题）()①Oh,____,what’sthetime?A.allthetimeB.inthefutureC.asforD.bytheway()②_____,whichisthewaytothepostoffice?A.InthewayB.OnthewayC.BythewayD.Totheway8.talentshow才艺表演9.snow①n雪（不可数名词）alotofsnow.②v下雪Itissnowinghard.③→snowyadj.下雪的【注】表示雨/雪大或下得大时用heavy/heavilyaheavysnow/It’srainingheavilyoutside表示风大或风刮得大时用strong/strongly()Thisisa________rain,It’sraining_______.A.heavy,heavilyB.heavily,heavyC.strong,stronglyD.strongly,strongExercise:I.用所给词的正确形式填空1.I’dlike______________(skate)becauseIthinkitisveryinteresting.2.He__________(notwrite)tomesincelastyear.3.Howlong____you______（wait）yesterdaymorning?4.—Howlonghaveyoubeen___________(study)English?---Onlyoneyear.5.Igotalotofgiftsonmy_____________(nine)birthday.6.Ifyouareinterestedincollectingstamps,youcanaskthatoldstamps_________(collect)forsomeadvice.7.Thanksfor______________(give)mesomuchhelp.8.IhavelivedinthisapartmentsinceI_________(come)toChina.9.Ihavebeencollecting___________(snow)globesforsevenyears.10.Wearevery____________(interest)incollectingstamps.II.单项选择()1.I_____over2500kindsofstampssofar.A.collectedB.havecollectingC.havecollectedD.havebeencollected.()2.–Howlong____you____lastnight?--I_____forsevenhours.A.have;beensleeping;sleptB.did;sleep;sleptC.have;slept;sleptD.were;sleeping;slept()3.Jackhasbeenskating______fourhoursago.A.sinceB.aboutC.foraboutD.in

()4.They____about2000kindsofstampssofar.A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectingD.havecollected()5.Tony____heresincehefinishedschool.A.worksB.workedC.hadworkedD.hasbeenworking()6.Sanenjoys____stamps.Andnowhehas225ofthem.A.collectingB.collectedC.tocollectD.collects

()7.There’sno____foranybodyelsetositintheclassroom.A.placeB.roomC.spaceD.area()8.I_____inthisschoolsinceImovedhere.A.cametoB.havebeenworkingC.havebeenworkedD.worked()9.____,what’syourhobby?A.InthewayB.OnthewayC.ToyouwayD.Bytheway

()10.–Howisitgoing?--Thanks____theweather,thecropsgrowwell.A.toB.forC.alot()11.Wehave____time,sowemustendthemeeting.A.runB.runoutC.runofD.runoutof()12.–Willyoupleasemakesome_____forthewomanwithababy?--Sure.Takemyseat,please.A.roomsB.roomC.houseD.place

()13.--______,wheredidhego?--Hewenttothecountry.A.InthewayB.OnthewayC.InawayD.Bytheway()14.Isthereenough___for20.people?A.aroomB.roomC.someroomsD.anyroom()15.ThereisnodifferencebetweenA____B.A.andB.withC.butD.toSelfCheckandReading1.thousandnum千(1)前面有具体数词表示确切数目时要用单数形式，后面不加s也不加oftwothousandstudents.(2)前面没有具体的数词时表示概指时，thousand后要加s,也要加of

thousandsofstudents

()①Thereare_____studentsinthecollege.A.fourthousandsofB.thousandofC.fourthousandsD.thousandsof()②Thisisalibrary.There’reeight____booksinit.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandof2.quiteadv“相当，十分”【结构】quite+a/an+形容词+名词=avery+形容词+名词quiteaninterestingbook=averyinterestingbook()LotsofvisitorscometoWuhanbecausesheis___city.A.SoabeautifulB.veryabeautifulC.suchbeautifulD.quiteabeautiful3.the+比较级，the+比较级”“越……,就越……”

Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultyouwillget()____youeat,____youwillget.A.Themuch;thefatB.Themore;fatterC.Themore;thefatterD.More;thefatter4.certainadj.确定的无疑的—certainlyadv肯定地makecertain搞清楚①becertainof/aboutsth肯定/确信的②becertaintodosth肯定要做某事③becertainofdoingsth有把握做某事④becertain+that从句①Iwas______________(certainly)shesawmeyesterday.()②Heiscertain______toninety.A.liveB.ofliveC.toliveD.toliving5.morethan=over多于……lessthan少于……Thereare_____________(超过)twentymembersinthefamily.6.finishdoingsth结束做某事/完成做某事enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事①Afteryoufinish___________(read)thisbook,PleasegiveittoAlison.()②HersisterEllenenjoys_____thepopmusicandsodoesshe.A.tolistenB.tolistentoC.listeningD.listeningto7.beinterestedin+n/ving=takeaninterstinsth对….感兴趣①Thefilmisvery_________andI’m___________init.(interest)()②____you___inthejobasawriter?A.Do;interestedB.Are;interestedC.Do;interesting

D.Are;interesting8.capitaln

省会thecapitalof………的省会thecapitalofChina中国首都(2)adj.大写的capitalletters大写字母

Kunmingis______________________(……的省会)Yunnan.9.asprep作为asawriter作为一名作者()–Areyouinterestedinthejob___anurse?--Yes.Ilikeworkingwithdoctors.A.likeB.asC.withD.to10.foreignadj.外国的→foreigner

n

外国人①These____________(foreign)allcomefromSouthAfrica.②Theywereall___________(foreigner)touristsandtheygoherelastweek.11.teach→taught→taughtv教，教授(1)teachsb.Sth=teachsthtosb.教某人某事Mr.YinteachesusChinese.

(2)teachsb.todosth教某人做某事teachustoswim(3)teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学WeteachourselvesEnglishathome.=WelearnEnglishbyourselves.()①When____yourfather____youtomakeakite?A.has;taughtB.has;beenteachingC.did;teachD.was;taught()②Doyouenjoy____Englishinourclass,Mr.Green?A.teachB.taughtC.toteachD.teaching12.farfrom很远，遥远①Ilive____________(在远处)fromtheschoolthanyou.()②Ifheworks_______,he’llmisshisfamily.A.farfromB.farawayC.farD.farawayfrom13.missv

(1)想念，思念(2)为赶上，错过()–Whywereyoulateforthemeetingthismorning?--I____myway,soI____thefirstbus.A.lost;lostB.lost;missedC.missed;missedD.missed;lost14.show①n表演onshow=ondisplay展览seeadolphinshow看海豚表演②v出示showsb.sth=showsthtosb.给某人看某物showyourIDcard()Thankyoufor_____metheway.A.showB.showingC.showedD.toshowExercise:I.用所给词的正确形式填空1.Alotof_________(foreign)cometoChinaforvacationeveryyear.2.Differentpersonshavedifferent____________(hobby).3.Hisfatherisa_____________(collect).4.Ibecame_____________(interest)incomputer.5.She’s___________(Australia).6.Isthere______________(someone)intheclassroom?7.Thegirlhasbeen___________(wait)forthreehours.8.He’safamous______________(write).9.Heusedthebox__________(store)food.10.Ther’smuch___________(room)onthetrain.11.Ihavesomethingimportant____________(tell)you.12.Markisagood_______(write).Hewrotelotsofinterestingstories.13.I____________(sit)hereforalongtime.14.I_________(run)outofmoneyandhadtogohomeonfoot.15.Whatabout____________(store)somefoodforthewinter?II.单项选择()1.The___heis,the___hewillbe.A.busier;happierB.busy;happyC.busier;happyD.busy;happier()2.Is___easytolearntoswim?Canyoutellme?A.thatB.itC.heD.this()3.Myuncleisinterestedin______Englishsongs.A.tosingB.singC.singingD.sang

()4.–Remember,boysandgirls.___youwork,____resultyouwillget.--Weknow,MissGao.Thebetter;theharderB.Theharder;thebetterC.Thehard;thebetterD.Theharder;thegood.()5.Aboutthree_____peoplecametovisitMountTaiyesterday.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandof()6.Icouldn’tgetthroughthedoorbecausetherewasabigbox_____.bythewayB.onthewayC.outofwayD.intheway

()7.Cicienjoysdancing.It’soneofher______.PrizeB.prizesC.hobbyD.hobbies()8.____theone-childpolicy,ourcountryhascontrolledthepopulationsuccessfully.ThankstoB.ThanksforC.Asfor()9.–Whydon’twetakealittlebreak?---Didn’twejusthave_____?A.itB.thatC.oneD.this

()10._____oursurprise,thetwinsisterswenttoPekingUniversityatthesametimelastyear.WithB.InC.To()11.–HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?--______.A.ForthreeyearsB.SincethreeyearsC.ForthreeyearsagoD.Threeyearsago()12.--____doesAnnholdaparty?--Onceamonth.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.WhenD.Where

()13.–What’syour______?--Ilikecollectingtennisballs.A.hobbyB.likeC.favorD.prefer()14.Thanksfor____methestuffedanimal.A.sendB.tosendC.sendingD.sent()15.Wecan’tlive______airorwater.A.withB.noC.haven’tD.without

()16.Tom_____listeningtomusic.A.isinterestingB.isinterestinginC.isinterestedD.isinterestedin()17.—Whendidyou____today?--At8:00.A.startedreadingB.startedreadC.startreadingD.startread()18.—Canyoufinishtheworkwith____moneyand___people?--Yes,Ican.A.fewer;lessB.more;moreC.less;lessD.less;fewer

()19.____IlearnaboutChinesehistory,____IenjoylivinginChina.A.Themore;themoreB.Themost;themostC.More;moreD.Most;most()20.Whathesaidmadeus_____.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed()21.______doyouthink___thenewmovies?A.How,ofB.What,overC.What,ofD.How,about现在完成进行时1.现在完成进行时的定义现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作，并且还有可能持续下去：Wehavebeenwaiting

forhimfortwohours.我们等他等了两个小时OurEnglishteacherhasbeenteachinginourschoolsincehegraduated.

2.现在完成进行时的结构助动词

have/hasbeen+ving【注】have/has为助动词，have用在句子主语为非第三人称单数形式时。肯定式I/Wehavebeenworking.否定式：I/wehaven’tbeenworking.【注】在have/has后加not,havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’t疑问式