201X年英语语言学概论试卷B

2013-2014学年第2学期期末考试（B）卷课程名称

《英语语言学概论》任课教师签名程建山

出题教师签名程建山审题教师签名王婉华考试方式

（闭）卷

适用专业2011级英语专业考试时间

（120）分钟题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分评卷人I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%×10=20%)1.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,thesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby.A.language

B.langueC.parole

D.competence2.VowelscanbeclassifiedintermsofeachofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT_______.为您推荐A.positionofthetongue

B.opennessofthemouthC.mannerofarticulation

D.shapeofthelips3.Intermsofmannerofarticulation,theEnglishconsonants［s］and［z］areclassifiedas______.A.liquids

B.affricatesC.stops

D.fricatives4.Thereare_______morphemesintheword“frightening.”A.2

B.3C.4

D.55.Semantically,thesentence“Iregretsteppingonyourbook”______thesentence“Isteppedonyourbook.”A.presupposes

B.entailsC.contradicts

D.issynonymouswith6.AccordingtoJohnAustin’sspeechacttheory,a(n)______actistheactperformedbysayingsomething.A.prelocutionary

B.locutionaryC.illocutionary

D.perlocutionary7.AllthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______aretheexampleswhichcanbeusedtoillustratesemanticnarrowing.A.aunt

B.wifeC.hound

D.fowl8.Inmanycultures,wordsrelatingtosex,sexorgans,andnaturalbodilyfunctionsmakeupalargerpartof______vocabulary.A.gender

B.euphemismC.slang

D.taboo9.SpeakerA:I’moutofpetrol.SpeakerB:There’sagarageroundthecorner.SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof_______.A.quantity

B.qualityC.relation

D.manner10.Atypicalexampleofa_______communityisanethnicghettowheremost,ifnotall,ofitsinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.A.diglossic

B.bilingualC.pidginized

D.creolizedII.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Culturalt

referstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker,andtheyarenotsimplybiologicallypassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.12.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalleds

features,whicharethephonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthesentence.13.D

affixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.ThisisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.14.Ac

sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.15.Ifwesay“Thebabyiscrying,”wemustbetalkingaboutacertainbabycryinginacertainsituation;theword“baby”meansababyknowntoboththespeakerandthehearer,whichisther

oftheword“baby”inthisparticularsituation.16.Therelationshipbetweenthewordsinsuchpairsas“buy”and“by,”“stationary”and“stationery”canbelabeledash_____.17.Inana

process,successivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation,orofhaplology.18.Insociolinguisticstudies,apidginizeddialectmayexpandandeventuallybecomethenativelanguageofacertainpopulation,whichisknownasc

.19.Alinguistict______referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.20.Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)21.Speechandwritingarethetwomajormediaofcommunication.Inlinguisticevolution,however,speechispriortowriting,therefore,thespokenlanguageratherthanthewrittenshouldbegivenpriorityinmodernlinguistics.22.Therearetwowaysnowavailabletotranscribespeechsounds:broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription,ofwhichthereallyrequiredandusedbypopulartextbookanddictionarywritersisthelatter.23.Prefixesareaddedtothebeginningofstems;theymodifythemeaningofthestem,butdonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.24.Compoundshavedifferentstresspatternsfromnon-compoundedwordsequences.Ingeneral,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthesecondword,whilethefirstwordreceivessecondarystress.25.Sentenceisusuallyconceivedasthelargestunitofgrammar.Normally,asentencecontainsatleastasubjectandafiniteverboraverbphraseasitspredicate.26.Thepairofwords,“husband”and“wife,”arecomplementaryantonyms.27.Onelinguisticsymbolcanhavedifferentreferenceswhilebearingthesamesense.Therearealsooccasions,thoughlessfrequent,whenlinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.28.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.29.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.30.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)31.arbitrariness

32.parole33.consonants

34.boundmorpheme35.back-formation

36.syntax37.sense38.pragmatics39.hyponymy

40.sociolectV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Drawatreediagramofconstituentstructureforeachofthefollowingtwosentences.(1)Aboyfoundthebook.(2)Theguidesuggestedthetouriststakearest.42.StatebrieflyCooperativePrincipleanditsfourmaximsandthenuseittoexplainthefollowingconversation:(1)A:Howdoyoulikemypainting?B:Idon’thaveaneyeforbeauty,I’mafraid.(2)Heismadeofiron.参考答案Ⅰ.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatement.(2%×10=20%)1-5BCDBA6-10BADCBII.Directions：Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.plex15.reference16.homonymy17.assimilation18.Creole19.taboo20.varietyⅢ.Directions：Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.Writea“T”fortrueor“F”forfalseontheAnswerSheet.(2%×10=20%)21-25TFTFT26-30FTTTFⅣ.Directions：Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)31.arbitrariness:thereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordandthethingitdenotes,e.g.“pen”byanyothernameisthethingweusetowritewith.32.parole:Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.33.consonants:consonantsaresoundsproducedbyconstrictingorobstructingthevocaltractatsomeplacetodivert,impedeorcompletelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.34.boundmorpheme:itreferstothosemorphemeswhichcannotoccuralone.Theymustappearwithatleastanothermorpheme.35.back-formation:Itreferstoanabnormaltypeofword-formationwhereashorterwordisderivedbydeletinganimaginedaffixfromalongerformalreadyinthelanguage.36.syntax:Itrefertothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimplythestudyoftheformationofsentences.37.sense:senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningoflinguisticform;itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandde-contexualized.38.pragmatics:Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.39.hyponymy:Hyponymyisamatterofclassmembership.Theupperterminthissenserelation,i.e.theclassname,iscalledsuperordinate,andthelowerterm,themembers,hyponyms.40.sociolect:itisakindofsocialvariationoflanguagewhichcanreflectaperson’ssocioeconomic,educational,occupationalandethnicbackground,aswellastheirsexandage.Ⅴ.Directions：Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Omitted.42.Speechacttheorytellsusthataspeakercanmeanalotmorethanwhatissaid.Theproblemistoexplainhowthespeakercanmanagertoconveymorethanwhatissaidandhowthehearercanunderstandthespeaker’smeaning.H.P.Gricebelievesthattheremustbesomemechanismsgoverningtheproductionandcomprehensionoftheseutterances.Hesuggeststhatthereisasetofassumptionsguidingthec