大学跨文化交际Unit-2-Daily-Verbal-communication-I

1InterculturalCommunication

Unit2DailyCommunication(I)CultureisaBridge.TeachingObjectives1.Tounderstandhowlanguageandculturearecloselylinked2.TounderstandpragmaticsininterculturalCommunication3.Identifytheculturaldifferencesinaddressing,greeting,conversationaltopics,visiting,parting,complimentandresponse,gratitudeandapology.Verbalinterculturalcommunication“verbal”(pg.17)means“consistingofwords”.Language,spokenorwritten,isameansofverbalcommunication.Verbalcommunicationreferstothecommunicationthatiscarriedeitherinoralorinwrittenformwiththeuseofwords.Verbalinterculturalcommunicationhappenswhenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatewitheachotherbyusinglanguage.456789Appointment(pg.29)Questions:1.WhatisthetimingforRichardmakeanappointment?Isittooearly…?2.HowdidRichardmakeanappointmentpolitely?Mr.askedmetocallhim…appointmentNotifyinadvanceInAmericaanyvisit,whetheritistoseeadoctor,aprofessor,afriendandevenarelative,isusuallyarrangedbyappointment.Thisisthecourtesytobeobserved.WhenanAmericanismakinganappointment,he/shetriestobepolite,andleavesroomfortheotherpartytorefuseifnotconvenient."Ihaven'tseenyouforalongtime.IwaswonderingwhetherIcouldcomeroundtovisityousome­time.""I'dliketocomeandseeyousometime.Wouldyoubefreeoneafternoonnextweek?VisitingSomeoneMealsToshowhospitality:Thequantityandvarietyofthemealfarmorethancanbeeatenatthetimerelatethemealsizemoreaccuratelytothepeople’sappetiteAtthetableconstantlyputthebestpieceoffoodonthevisitor’splateleavethegueststohelpthemselvesanddonotkeepurgingthemtoeatmore15WhatwouldhappeniftheChineseareinvitedtodinnerbythewesterner?WhatwouldhappenifthewesternervisitorsareinaChinesehomefordinner??1617ShowingHospitalityinDifferentWaysChineseWesternersChineseguestsalwaysrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodtodemonstratepolitenessinseemingnottowishtoputtheirhosttoanytrouble.Westernersalwaysacceptorrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodverygenuinely.Sometimesanofferisnotarealofferbutapoliteremark.Afterwesay‘no’,weusuallywaitforthesecondandthirdoffer.Ifthehostjustbringsthefoodordrinkandignores‘no’,weillacceptit.Theirrefusalisacceptedasgenuine.Westernersdon’ttopress.Topresspeopletohavefoodordrinkaftertheyhaverefusedisfrowneduponandcancauseembarrassments.Chineseliketopresstheirgueststodrinkoreattoshowtheirhospitality192021GreetingsGoodmorning/afternoon/evening.Howareyou?Howarethingsgoing?Howareyougettingon?Howarethings(withyou)?How’severything?How’slife?Hello.Hey./Hi.ChineseexpressionsWhereareyougoing?你上哪去？Wherehaveyoubeen?你去哪里啦？Haveyouhadyourmeal?吃过了吗？(It’snoneofyourbusiness.)Conceptofprivacyprivacy1.freedomfromunauthorizedintrusion<one'srighttoprivacy>(quotefromwebster)ThelegalbasisfortheprivacyistheUSFourthAmendmentwhichguarantees"therightofthepeopletobesecureintheirpersons,houses,papers,andeffects,againstunreasonablesearchesandseizures.”24中国传统文化认为隐私是群体性的,显示其公众性和集体主义准则;圈内人之间不必太强调个人隐私.以美国为代表的西方文化认为隐私是维护个人独立性和体现自我存在价值的表现,显示其强烈的自我意识.25InitiatingConversationsAvoidanceofsometopics:AgeMoneyHealthFamilyConversationtopicsHobbiesholidaysTheweatherAlocalornationaleventJobsFilms/books28Cultureinfluencesthestyleofcommunicationatgreatlevel.Whenweareinanunfamiliarcountry,itiswisetowatchandlearnthewaynativepeoplecommunicatefirst.InitiatingconversationsAppropriateandInappropriatetopics(pg.27)AustraliaProfessions;cars;skiing;musicMoney;religion;divorce/separationGermanyTravelingabroad;internationalpolitics;hobbies;soccerThesecondworldWar;questionsaboutpersonallifeGreatBritainHistory;Architecture;gardeningPolitics;money/price;FalklandswarFranceMusic;books;sports;thetheaterPriceofitems;person’swork;income;ageJapanHistory;culture;artTheSecondWorldwar;Onhealth303132Whatculturalconceptbehindit?Whydophraseslike“putonmoreclothes”soundsinappropriatetothewesterners?Protective,parentalovertonesIndependentwesternersindividualism3334353637Formofaddress正式有余，尊重不足3839Mr.≠先生先生40鲁迅先生，蔡元培先生，杨振宁先生《孟子》：“先生何为出此言也？”这里的“先生”指的是长辈而又有学问的人。这也就是说春秋战国时期，先生这一称呼主要是称呼长辈的人。在中国文化中，“先生”的称呼用于学术界人时是对高级学者既严肃又亲密的尊重称谓.

Mr.VS.先生41MynameisJohnDavis.ButyoucancallmeJohn.大多数美国人不喜欢用先生、夫人或小姐这类称呼，他们认为这类称呼过于郑重其事了。美国人之间，不论职位、年龄，总是尽量喊对方的名字，以缩短相互间的距离。美国有家刊物曾专就称呼问题在150种工商行业中做过调查，结果发现他们之中85%的称呼是只喊名字。

WhendotheyuseMR.?421.Strangers2.称呼同学的爸爸，爷爷等长辈3.邻居的长辈4.称呼没有特殊头衔的上级、教师（notveryclose)ChineseEnglishFormalRelationship/SituationNeutralRelationship/SituationCloseRelationship/SituationFormofAddressSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameGivenNameGivenNameGivenNameMr.Vfessor44对于有头衔的人，不用Mr.而是加上头衔表示尊重ProfessorAmbassadorDoctorPresident45Pleasetranslate:这位是我们的赵老师。这位是我们的张经理。TeacherZhao在英美人听来，犹如“赵打铁的”，“赵卖肉的”，“赵教书”的一样刺耳。46值得注意的是，美国人从来不用行政职务如局长、经理、校长等头衔称呼别人。47美国人很少用正式的头衔来称呼别人。正式的头衔一般只用于法官、高级政府官员、军官、医生、教授和高级宗教人土等。例如：哈利法官、史密斯参议员、克拉克将军、布朗医生、格林教授、怀特主教等。Pleasetranslate48嘿，先生，您的钱包掉了。小姐，你手帕掉了。Hey,Sir/Mister,youdroppedyourwallet.Youdroppedyourhandkerchief,Lady?而在社交称呼语方面，不论地位和职位高低，越来越倾向于直呼其名，或“Mr．／Mrs．/Ms.／Miss+姓”以及“Sir／Madam”等通用称呼。只有当交际双方处于一种“权势”关系时，地位较高者会使用名字称呼对方，而地位较低者会用“头衔／职衔+姓”来称呼对方4950Istheaddressappropriate?51BessFitzgeraldis70yearsold.You’dliketocallhergrandmatoshowcloseness.在英语中，亲属称谓不广泛地用于社交。许多西方人也不喜欢别人用grand-或great-之类来强调自己上了年纪.greatUncleJim（中国人称伯祖父、叔祖父、舅公等）可简称为UncleJim。Canwesaythese?52妹妹，过来看一下：Sister，comeoverhere.哥哥，接着。Brother，catch.Brother,sister宗教团体人士称呼53GreetingsQuestions:(pg.25)1.Howdotheygreetwhentheymeetforthefirsttime?Howdoyoudo!HiHelloNicetomeetyou!2.Whoshouldbeintroducedfirst?thesenior,thefemale,theguest3.Whoshouldgreetfirst?ThesameasaboveIntroductionWatchthisepisode，Howthepresidentisaddressed?questions1.HowdotheyaddressAmericanpresident?Mr.President2.WhatwouldtheAmericanPresidentlikeA.J.tocallhim?Whenweareoutofofficeoralone,youcancallmeAndy.Youaremybestmanatmywedding.3.WhatrulescanwedrawastheAmericanwayofaddressing?(pg.24)Sometitlescanbeusedeithersinglyorwiththeperson’ssurname.Thegivennameispreferredinmostsituations.

Howdothedifferenceshappen?

60WhydoestheChineselanguagehavesomuchmoredetailedandspecifickinshiptermsthanInEnglish?Whydoweusetitletocallpeoplesomuchmoreoftenthanwesternpeople?Theyhavedeeprootsinthecultureinwhichtheyareformed.6162中：以血缘家庭为纽带的中国传统社会；农耕经济；大一统的体制（patriarchal家长制的）西：地缘政治为基础的城邦制国家，工商业，小国寡民；民主型（democratic）63AphotoofafarmfamilyAphotoofBaJin’sFamilyDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishKinTermsChineseCultureEnglishCulturepeoplerefertopeoplestrictlyaccordingtothekinterms.Itiscompletelyunacceptabletorefertoone'sparentsbyusingthenamesInsomefamiliesinWesterncountries,somechildrenaddresstheirparentsdirectlybytheirfirstnames.Whenchildrenaddressrelatives,Chinesekintermstellwhethertheyareolderoryoungerthantheirfatherormother.InBritain,childrenareexpectedtoaddresstheparents'brotherandsisterswiththetitleofUncleorAuntplustheirnamesandsometimessimplyaddressthembyfirstnamewithoutatitle.Chinesekintermstellwhethertherelativesarefromthemother'orfather'ssideandwhetherone'sbrother,sisterorcousinisolderoryoungerthanhe/sheEnglishkintermsdon’ttellwhethertherelativesarefromthemother'orfather'sside,andtherearenotdisdinctkintermsforelderbrotheroryoungerbrother.Chinesekintermsarealsotootherpeoplewhoarenotone'srelatives;kintermsarewidelyusedtoaddressknownorunknownpeoplekintermsarenotasfrequentlyusedasinChinese.Inallkindsofsocialsituations,eitherformallyorinformally,peoplewon'tusekintermstoaddresseachotheriftheyarenotrelatives65ThewayoflifeIndividualvsGroup66IdeaofoneselfIndividual-centeredvsgroup-centered67PersonalRelationshipSimplevsComplexPartingsAmongtheAmericansPhaseone:Oneoftheindividualsinitiatesthisphasebynotingthathe/sheshoulddepartsoon,butnoimmediatemovetodepartisactuallymade.Bothcontinuetheirconversationorothersharedactivityforawhilelonger;thisdelaymaylastfromafewminutestoasmuchasanhour.AnAmericanwhointendstodepartusuallyexplainsthatafactorinhis/herownpersonalsituationcompelsthedeparture.Phasetwo:AnAmericanvisitorgoestothedoor,his/herexitfromthesceneoccursquiteefficiently.Thehostaccompaniestheleavertothedoorandmaybrieflyexitashortdistancebeyondit,offeringafarewellwaveastheleaverdisappears.TheEnglishexpressionswhenpartingare"Seeyou","Solong","Good-bye","Haveaniceday.""Takecare."etc.withalsoasmileandagestureoffarewell.PartingexpressionAmongtheChinesePhaseone:AChinesealso