2023年上海交通大学一九九九年秋季博士生入学考试试题

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D)ilｌﻩTｈereare6PasｓaｇeisfollｏwedbysomｅthｅdｉaｍondｓinBｒazil,anｄinＳｏｕthＡfrica.ｂyａｓｈarpblｏｗwithacｕｔtｉｎgedｇe.OilSuｒroundｉnｇroｃksａｎdｔａkeoｎｔｈeirｃolｏr.thuｓblａck,redandeｖeｎｂｒigｈtpｉnkｄiamonｄｓhavｅoｃcasiｏnａlｌybeｅnfｏund．ThetradｅindiaｍonｄsＩsｎｏtonlyiｎｔheｖalｕableｇemsｔｏnesbｕtalｓointheiｎｄuｓｔrｉalｄiamonｄsmentｉonedaｂove.Zairｅproｄuｃes７0%ofｓuchstoｎeｓ.Tｈeｙarefixedｉｎtｏthｅroｃkdrillsusediｎｍinｉｎgandcivilｅngiｎeerｉng,alsoforｅｄgｉnｇbandｓaｗsforcuttiｎgstｏne.Ｄiaｍond-facedtoｏｌsarｅuｓedfoｒｃｕｔtｉnｇａndｄriｌlinｇglassanｄｆinｅporｃｅｌainandｆoｒｄｅnｔists'dｒills．Theｙaｒｅusｅdａsｂearingｓｉnｗatchｅsandｏｔherｆineｌｙbalancedinstrｕmentｓ.Perｈapｓyouownsomｅｄiamｏｎdswiｔhoutknowｉｎgit--inyｏuｒwｒistｗatch!71.＇Cａｒｂonado'iｓthenaｍeｇiｖeｎtoA)oｎｌｙthevｅｒｙbｅstdiａmonｄsB)lumpsofpurecarboｎC)SｐａnishdiamｏndsD）diａmｏｎｄsｍaｄeupofmaｎysｍaｌlcｒystals72.TheartｏｆcuｔtingaｎdpoliｓhingｐrｅciousstonesremaiｎedcｒuｄeｕｎtiｌA）thefourteenｔｈcenturyＢ)thefifteenthｃenturyC)thesｉxteenthｃｅnturyD)theseveｎｔeentｈｃｅntｕry73.Duｒｉngfａceｔing,ｄiamｏndsａrｅheldｉncoｐｐeｒholdersA)tofacilitaｔeaｃｃuratecuｔｔiｎgB）ｔｏmaｋethemsｈinｅmｏreｂｒilｌiaｎtlyC)sothattheycanｒevｏlvemｏreｅasｉlyＤ）ａsａsｔeelholdeｒmightdamagｅｔhediamond74．Tｈeｖalueordeｒof｀waｔeｒ'inｄiamoｎd，ﻩ＿A）ｉsmorｅimpoｒtantｔhantheircolourB)rangesfrｏmbｌue-whiteuｐwａrdｓC）rａｎｇesfromblue-whitedowｎwardsＤ)hasnevｅrbeｅｎreliablyesｔaｂlished75.IｎdusｔriａldiａｍondsaｒeusedA)ｆoraｗideraｎgeｏfpｕrposesB)mａｉｎlyｆｏｒdentｉsts'ｄriｌlｓC)fordecoraｔioninrｉngsａndｗatcｈｅsD)princiｐallyinｍaｓｓ-proｄｕｃedｊeweｌlerｙPａssageTwoJuｓtａｂoutｅveｒyonｅkｎowstheｍeａｎingｏf`value"ｔhoｕghyou'dｎeverknowiｔfｒomｔhｅｅxcessesoｆtｈeEighｔies．Cｌｅvercamｐａｉgnｓoftｅnallowedmａrketｅrstochaｒｇemoreforｔｈeirproductandreaｐevｅr-highｅrpｒofｉtｓ.Iｔworkedｌikeadreamuntilｓuddenly,facｉｎgdiｆfiｃulｔｅconomｉctimｅs，coｎsumeｒswｏｒkuｐ．Ｎoｗ,ｔotheeｘtenttｈatthｅy'rｅbuyｉｎg，manｙcｏnsumeｒsareｃｈｏosｉｎｇｔhecaｒthatｄeｌｉvｅrsｔhｅｍosｔfｏrthemoney-－nｏｔｎecesｓaｒilythｅonｅtｈeycovetedaｓastatusｓｙmｂｏｌaｆeｗyeａrsago,theyareshifｔingtｏthetｏoｔhpastｅｔhatwｏrksfromthｅoｎeｓｗithitslｉcｋesｔpｒomotｉons.Ｃompaｎieｓthａtundeｒstanｄtｈisnewcｏｎsumerhａvｅcｏmeupｗｉtｓoｍｅtｈｉngnew:"ｖaｌｕeｍarketｉnｇ＂.Awoｒdoｆｃａuｔｉoniｓnecessaｒy．Inmarketing,wａｔｃhwordsｑuicklyｍｅtamorphｏsiｎtoｂuzｚｗords－-andvａlueiｓｎoexｃepｔion．Wｅ'renｏｔtapｉｎgaboｕtadstｈatmｅrｅlyboaｓｔofaｐroduｃt'ｓvalueorｅveｎｓuchlegitｉmａteｓａteｓtoolsａspricecｕｔｓaｎddisｃoｕnt：Usedcoｒrectly,ｖａlｕeｍａｒkｅtｉngamoｕnｔstｏmuchmorethａnjｕsｔsｔaｓhingｐｒｉcｅｓdisｔributingｃoupons．Itmｅaｎsgiｖingthecuｓtｏｍｅrａnimprｏｖｅdpｒｏduct，ｗithaｄｄｓ,feａturesａndｅnhａnciｎgｔhｅroleoｆmａrketｉｎｇｉtself:Inｖaluｅmaｒketing,marketingｂecomespａｒtofthesyｓtemfordelｉｖeｒinｇvalｕet（thｅconsumeｒ．Instｅａdofmerelｙshapｉnｇｉmaｇｅ，sｕｃhaｐrogrammightoｆｆereｎhancegｕarａnteesorlｏngeｒｗarrantｉes,adsthatｅｄｕcaｔeraｔheｒthanhｙpe,membｅrshipclub:tｈatbuildlｏyalｔy,frｅquｅnt-bｕyerplans，imｐrovedcommｕｎicaｔionｓwithｃｕstomer.throuｇｈ８00ｎumｂｅｒs,orpackagｅｄeｓignthatｍakｅｓthepｒoｄucｔeasｉertouｓeormoreenvｉronｍｅntallｙfrｉeｎｄly．Ｔｈeseandothervａｌuｅ-mａrkeｔingtechniquescａnbｅexpensive．Theｙcａnｔncaｒａｄdｅdｐroductionandmarketingｃoｓtsadｄｅdｔｏlowｅrｕｎitpｒｉceｓ,Eveｎso,theｐrｉncipleｉnvolｖedｉnvaluemarkｅtiｎgvalｕeformｏney，animprｏvedｐroduｃt，enhanceｄ=Nice,anｄaddeｄfeatures--areｊusｔ%fｉatU＿S_buｓｉnessｎeedｓtｏenhaｎcｅitscｏmpetitｉveｎesｓiｎｔheｇlobalmａrketpｌacｅ.Tｈaｔ＇sｗhyｉtwｉlｌbeａllｔoｔhｅgoodｉfthecｏmｍonseｎｓicalvirtuesofvaｌuemarketｉngbecｏmeｐartｏftｈepermanentｓｔratｅgyofU.Ｓ.bｕsｉｎess．76.ConsumerｓhavewaｋeｎupｂｅcauｓeofA)tｈepoorprｏducｔstheyboｕgｈtB)thｅhiｇhpｒicetheypaidfｏrwｈａｔtheｙｂoughｔＣ)theｄifficulｔecoｎomictimeｓＤ)ahorribleｄrｅam77．ＭanyｃoｎsumeｒsareｃhoosｉnｇthecomｍｏditiｅsA)tｈaｔarｅpreｃioｕsB)ｔhaｔａｒewarrantedC)ｔhaｔｃanshowtheirstatusD）thatdｅlｉｖerthemostforｔｈemoney78.Intｈe1９8０s,peoplewouldlｉketogoａftｅrtheproｄucｔｓA)thatｗeｒemｏｓtexpeｎｓiveＢ)thａｔwerｅｕp-to-dａteC)tｈａtcｏuldshｏｗtｈeiｒstatｕsD）thatwｅreinfaｓhｉoｎ７9.CommｕｎicaｔionswithｃusｔｏmersmaljbeiｍprovedA)throｕｇｈannuaｌcustomerｓｃｏngrｅssB)thrｏugｈｔｏnfree８0０nｕmｂeｒｓC)ｔhrouｇhｍeｍbｅrｓhiｐcｌubsD)throughfrｅqueｎteducａtion8０.AvａlｕｅmarkｅtingｐrogramｍａynotinｃludeＡ)ｄａｉlyviｓitstｏcuｓtomeｒsＢ)longerwａｒrantiesＣ)membersｈipclｕbsD)environmentalｌyfrienｄlypackaｇesＰasｓageTｈreeGreａtemｏtionａlanｄｉｎtellectuａｌｒesourcesareｄemａnｄｅdinｑuarrels；stamiｎahelps，asdｏｅsaｃａpaciｔｙｆoｒobseｓsｉon.Butｎooneisboｒnagoodquarrｅｌｌer;tｈecraftｍustbelｅａｒnｅd.Ｔherｅａrｅtwogenｅrallｙｒecogｎisedａppｒｅntｉcｅships.First，anduniversａllyprefeｒrｅd,isalonｇchildhoodｓpentｉntｈecompanyｏｆｆractioussibｌingｓ．Afterseverａlyearｓofrainｙaftｅrnooｎs,ｂroｔｈerｓａndｓisterｓdeveｌopasuｒefeｅlfortｈetacticsofattritiｏnaｎdｔhenicetiesofsｔｒateｇyｓｏｎecessaｒyinfｉrst-ratｅquarrelｌing.Tｈeonｌychｉld,ortｈｅcｈildofｐeacｅfulｏrrepreｓsedhouｓeｈoldｓ,iｓliｋelytｏgrｏｗuｐfaｉlingtounｄeｒstandthatquａrreｌｓ，unlikｅａrgｕｍenｔs,aｒｃｎｏtａbｏutaｎ)1hｉｎｇ,ｌeasｔofａlｌｔheｐuｒsuitoftｒuth.Tｈeapparｅntｓｕbjectｏfaquarreliｓameｒeprｅｔext；ｔhereaｌbusinessiｓtheｑｕarrｅlitsｅlf.Ｅｓｓentiallｙ,adveｒｓariesinaquarrelareoutｔｏｅｓtablisｈorrｅscuｅthｅiｒdignｉty.Ifeｎｃetheelemｅnｔarｙprincipｌｅ:anyｔhｉngmayｂesaｉd.Thｅuｎschooled,proｂablynoｌesｓquarreｌsoｍeｂｙｉncｌinatioｎｔhａnanyonｅｅlse，maｙｓpｅndanhourwｉthknｏcｋingｈeaｒｔ，ｓiftingthecoｎｓequencesofｒoiｌingｔhisoldacqｕａintａncealｙingfrａud.Toolate!Withａcheerｆｕlwaｖethｅolｄacquａinｔａncehaslefttｈerooｍ．Tｈｏsewｈoｍisstheirfｉｒsｔａpprenｔｉcesｈiｐmaycaｒetoenrｏliｎtheｓｅcｏnd,tｈｅbadmaｒｒiage.Thiscａnbepｅrilousｆortheneｏｐhyｔe;ｔheｍｕｔualintimａｃyｏfspousesmａkｅstｈｅmatoncｅmｏrevｕlｎeｒableandmoｒedａｎgeroｕｓinattａck.Oncesexisinvｏｌveｄ,thｅｓtaｋｅsarehiｇherallrｏuｎd.Andtｈerｅisａnｕnspｏkeｎrulｅthａtthosewｈoｌove,orhavｅｌovｅd,ｏnｅａnotherarｅgraｎtｅｄalicenｃefoｒｕｎlimitedbeａsｔｌiｎｅｓssuchasｉsdenｉedtoｍeｒesｗornｅnemieｓ．Fｏｒallｔhａt，someoｆouｒmｏstteｎaｃｉousblａcｋbelｔquarrｅlleｒshavecomeｔoiｔlａteinｆiｆeａnｄmasｔｅredeveｒｙｔhrow,fｒｏmtheＣrｕshｉngSｉlencｅｔoｔｈeGｌoatinｇAｐology,inlｅssthanteｎｙeaｒsoｆmarriagｅ.Ａquａｒrelmaylasｔyeａrｓ.AｍongｂｒoodｉｎgｔypesKiｔhtｉmｅontｈeｉrｈａｎｄs,lｉkｅwritｅｒs,halfａliｆｅｔimｅisｎotuncommon.Iｎiｔsｍostｒefｉｎedform,aｑuarrelｍａyｃonsistofthepａｒticiｐａntｓnoｔtalkingtｏｅａchother.Ｔheywiｌlneeｄtosｃｈemeｌaｂoｒiouslytoａppearinpublictogethertｏregｉsteｒｔhｅｉｒsilence.Bｒief,violentｑｕaｒrelsａrealsｏknownasrows.Inallcａsesｔheｅｓｓentialinｇreｄiｅnｔremaｉｎstｈesame;thｅorigiｎalcauｓemustbeｆorgｏttenasｓoonasｐossibｌｅ.Fromhｅreｏn，ｄｉｇnitｙ，ｐriｄｅ,self－eｓteem,hｏnouｒateｔhecrucｉaｌｉｓsｕes,whｉｃhiｓwｈyquaｒｒelling„lｉkｅjeａloｕsy,iｓaｎalｌ-consuminｇbuｓｉｎｅss,ｖirtuallｙａprofession．Forthequａrrelleｒ＇sｖeryｓeｌｆ-hoodiｓｏnthｅｆine.Tｏlｏseaｎargumentｉsａｂriｅfdisapｐoｉntment,mｕchlikeloｓinｇａｇameoｆtｅnniｓ；buttobecrusｈeｄiｎaqｕａrrｅl．.．ratherbiteｏffyourtｏngueandsprｅaｄitatyouroｐpｏｎｅnt'sｆeet.81.ＵnschoolｅdquarｒｅllersareｓaidtoｂeａtａｄiｓaｄvａnｔａgeｂecauｓｅA)tｈeirinｓultsfaiｌtooｆｆenｄtheｉｒopponentB）ｔｈeyrｅvｅａlthｅｉrnervouｓnesstotｈeiroｐｐonentC)ｔｈeysuffｅrｆｒomremｏｒseforwhatｔｈeｙ'veｓaｉdＤ)tｈeyａｒｅａppｒehensｉveaboutｓpｅakingtｈｅｉrｍindｓ８２.Accordingtothewrｉter，quａrrelｓｂetweeｎmaｒriedcouplesｍaｙbe＿－__-Ａ)phyｓiｃａllyviｏlｅｎtB)eｘｔremeｌyIＹitterＣ)ｅｓｓentｉallytrivialＤ)ｓinceｒelｙregｒｅtted83.whｅｎquａrrellｉng,boｔhcｈiｌdｒeｎａｎdmarriedcoｕｐｌeｓmaｙ，accordinｇtoｔhｅwriterA)beｐarｔｉculａrｌｙbrｕｔaｌB）ｕsepｏliｔｅｎｅssaｓaweaｐonC)ｅmployskｉｌlfulmanｏeuｖresD)exaggeｒatetｈeiｒfeelinｇs84.ThediffeｒeｎｃebｅtｗeenａｑuaｒrelaｎdaｎaｒguｍeｎtissaiｄtobetｈaｔA)ｔheforｍｅrinvolvｅｓinｄividualegosＢ)theformerｃoncerｎsｓtrongpoinｔsｏfviewC)tｈelａtteｒhasｗell-eｓtaｂlｉｓheｄmｉlesD）ｔhelatterconｃernｓｔrivialissｕes85.Inthepａssageasａwhoｌｅ,thｅｗriｔｅｒtrｅａtsquａｒｒｅlｌingasｉfitweｒeA）ａmｉliｔarycａmｐaignＢ)asocialｓkiｌlC)ａmoraｌｅvilD)anatuｒalgiltPasｓａgｅＦouｒ`Ｉjusｔcoｕｌdn'tdoiｔ.Ｉｄｏn＇tknowwhatｉtｉｓ．It'sｎotembarrａssｍent.Nothａt'sｎｏtit.Yousee,yoｕ＇reputtiｎgyouｒheａｄinanｏosｅ;ｔｈat'swhaｔｉtseemｓtｏmｅ.＇Ｄerｅｋamarｍedrobberwithalongrｅcordofbaｎkjoｂs，wａsｔalkｉngａｂoｕthoistiｎg（shｏp-ｌifｔiｎg).｀ＮoIｊustcouldｎ'tdoit.Imeａｎｊｕsｔｇoｉｎginｔｈere．'Ｈepａuｓedtotrytｏｆuｎdamoreeｘａctwayｏfｆixiｎg；hisanｔｉpathy.｀Ｉtellｙoｕwhａt.It'stoobｌatanｔｆormyｌiｋing.'Itseemedaｆａnｎｙwａyｔｏｐutｉt.Pushingacouplｅoftiesiｎyoｕrｐockｅｔatａshopｗasｈardｌythelasｔｗordineｘtroversｉon,andｅveｎabiｔonthｅｄiｓcreetsiｄeｗhｅncompaｒedtoalｌｔｈａtfirｉｎｇofshotｇunsandｖauｌｔinｇoverｃounteｒswhichmadeupthetypiｃalbaｎkｒaｉd.Ｂutmｙideaｓofshop-liftｉｎgweｒestilｌbouｎdｕpwiｔhteenａgememorieｓofnickingpacketｓofchｅwingguｍfromｔｈeloｃalnｅｗsaｇents.Ａlotofguiltanｄnotmuｃｈlｏoｔ_Ａfｔeｒafeｗcｏnversａtiｏnｓwiｔhprｏｆeｓsｉｏｎａlｈolsters，Iｒealisｅdthａｔ`blatant'waｓjusｔａboｕｔriｇhｔ.Nobodytookacouｐleoｆtｉes-thｅｙtｏokｔhｅwhoｌｅrａck.Theｆasｔｍemberoftｈeｇangwouldwalkinniｃeaｎdpｕrpoｓｅfuｌｌｙ.Thｅiｒｊobwasｔosｅtｕpｔｈｅgoods:ｐerhａpsputaｎeｌastｉcｂawdrouｎdtheendｓofafeｗdｏzensilkscarveｓ;moveｔｈｅvalｕａbｌepiecesｏｆjeｗelleryｎearertheeｄｇeofthecouｎter;ｓｌidethetieｓonｔherackintoａcｏmｐactｂunch.Theｎ,wineｓomeｂodyｅlsｅｄivｅｒｔｓｔheasｓｉstaｎtorproｖideｓsoｍｅfortｏfmａsｋing,tｈeｔｈirdmemberliftstｈeloｔ＇Ｉftｈewalktothedｏorisａｌｉtｔlelonｇ,theｎｔheremmbesomeoｎeelsetotａkｅｏｖerfortｈelａｓtstretch.Noonｅisiｎposｓｅsｓionfoｒmorethanaｆewｓecoｎdｓ,andtheｒe'salwaｙsaｃouｐleofｓｐarｅbodiestoｏbstrucｔanyoｎewhoｓeｅｍｓtobegeｔtｉｎgｔｏoneaｒthｅcarrieｒ.Storeｄetectｉveｓwhｏmoveｆorwardwｉｔhｗell-foｕnｄeｄsｕspicionsmaｙstillｆinｄthemsｅｌｖeｓclutchingｅmptyaｉｒ．Storedetｅｃtiｖeswatcｈfoｒｔhrｅeｍaingive-ｓｗａyｓ:aｍ-sortoflｏitｅｒiｎgwhichlooｋsdiffｅｒｅntfｒomthｅｕsｕalhａngiｎgａroｕnｄaｎddｉtherｉngthａtｃhaｒacｔerisｅｓthｅｒealcｕstomｅr；ａnyｃｏverｔcｏnｔactｂeｔweenindividuａls%N-hｏ%vshownｎooｔｈersiｇnｏfknｏwiｎgeachｏｔｈｅｒ,aｎyｏｖer-ｆriendliｎｅｓｓｔowａrｄｓsaleｓstaffwhiｃhｍiｇhｔbeactinｇasadistｒacｔｉoｎ.'Tｈere'soｎeｏｔheｒlitｔｌeａngｌｅ＇,saｉdonedetecｔive.'loｆteｎpｏｐroundthebaｃkstairs;thaｔ'swhｅｒｅyｏu＇ｌｌocｃａsionａllｙfｉndｏneoftheｍ；ｔryｉngｔorelａｘａndgeｔｔhｅmselvｅsintｈｅｒｉghｔｍooｄｂeｆoresｔarｔｉngtheneｘtjob.'8６.Thebａnｋrobbｅrｗｏuｌdｎ'tcｏnsiderｓhop-liftｉｎgbeｃａuseA）ｉtwａsｂeneathｈisdiｇnｉtyB)thｅpenaltｉesweretoohighC)ｉtwａsn＇tchallengｉｎgenｏｕghD)ｔherｉskswerｅtoogｒｅａｔ８７．Thewriter'sexpｅriｅnceｌeｄrumtotｈinkthatmostshop－lifteｒsＡ)weｒeItheｉrteenｓB)ｓｔolemoｄesｔamounｔsＣ)useｄvｉｏlentmｅthｏｄsD)stoleｆorｅxcｉtement88.Ｔhe；rolｅoｆthefirstmemberoftｈegangisto 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.89.Ｐrofeｓｓioｎalshoｐ－liftersａvoidｂｅingcａughｔintheａctbyfｒomｏneｔoaｎotｈerraciｎgfｏｒｔheneareｓtｅxitＤ)cｏnceaｌinｇgｏｏｄsｉnoｒｄinaｒybaｔh90.Pｏｔentialｓhop-lｉfｔersmaybeidentifieｄwｈenthe:.Ａ)seｅmｕnablｅｔodeciｄewhattobuyB)ｏpeｎlysignａltoａｐpaｒｅnｔstraｎｇｅｒsC)areunusｕａｌlychatｔytoassｉstantsD)sｅtｏfｆtｏｗarｄsemｅrgｅncｙexｉtsPａssａgeＦivｅPerhapｓthereａrｅｆaｒｍorewiｖesthaｎIimaginewhｏｔａkeｉｔｆorｇrａnteｄthａtｈouseworｋiiｎｅithersatisfyingnorevenimportantonｃetheｂａsicｄemanｄsofｈygｉeｎｅanｄfeeｄingｈａｖebeenmeｔ.Buthomｅandfamilyistheｏneｒeａｌｍinwhicｈitiｓｒeallyｄiｆficｕlttｏｓhalｅfｒee:ofone'ｓｕpbrinｇｉngandｃreaｔeneｗvaｌｕes.Ｍyｐaｒentｓ＇ｈouｓewasvirtｕe,aｎｄcloｔｈes,orlｏｎgmａlehairpｒovokedｂiｔｉnｇjoｃｕlaritｙ.Ifthathadbｅｅnａｌl,maｙbeIcoｕlｄhaveadaｐteｄｍｙselftoanispartｏfcreaｔinｇaｈome．Bｕtatｔhesamemotherusedtｏreｃａntdoingit,cａｌlｅditdruｄgｅrｙ,andcｏnvincｅdmethａtitｗａsn'taｆiｔaｃtivｉtyforaninｔelliｇentｂeｉng.Iwasａnｏｎlychiｌｄ，andoncｅＩwasaｔschoｏltherｅwａｓnoreａsonwｈyshｅshｏuldhavecontinueｄａｇainｓtherwiｌltoｒｅmainhoｕsebound,unless,aｓIsｕspｅct,mｙfatheｒwｏｕldnoｔｈeａrｏfherhavingajoboｆherownIcaｎnｏwbeginｔounderstandwｈyaｗomaninａｓmallｓubｕrｂanｈoｕse,ｗithｎoiｎｆａntsｔolookａfter,wｈodoesnoｔenjoyｒeadingbｅcausesheｈasｎothadmucｈofaｎｅducatioｎ，aｎdwｈoiｓｉｎtelligeｎtenouｇhtｏfiｎｄｎeiｇhbｏurlychit-chatboring,sｈoｕｌdcarｒyｔhepuｒｓuiｔofmicｒoｓcoｐicspecｋsofｄusttoｔｈeｐoｉntoｆfaｎａticiｓminanatteｍptｔofiｌlhoursandｓaｌvageｈｅrsｅlf－respect.Ｍypａrｅntｓhａdnｏteｖｅｎthestａtus-ｓｅｅkinｇｉmｐetｕｓtｏseｎdmeｔouniversiｔytｈatJoe'shad;mymotｈerwantｅdmetobe｀ａnｉｃequietｐersｏnwhowouldn'tｂｅnoｔicｅｄinａcｒowd',andｉtwasｆeaｒedtｈatuniversityeduｃationrｅsultsｉninｇraｔitude（indeｐendeｎce).．Itisconstanｔlyniｇｇlingｎｏtonｌytobｅｄoingｊobｓthａｔreｑuiresovaｌuableefforｔ，buｔａlsojobsｗhichａremainｌycｏnceｒnedwiｔhｓimｐlｙkeｅpingleｖelwｉｔhnaturalproｃｅssｅs--cｌeaniｎgjoｂｓ，whethｅrofobjectsorpeople.whicｈoncｅdonｅarｅnotdonefｏｒgｏod,andwillhaｖｅtｏbeｄonealloｖeragａin，justasiｆIｈaｖｅnｏtalreaｄvmadetｈeeffｏｒt;ｔｈｅneｘtdaｙ,ｏreｖenwiｔhinafｅwhouｒｓ．Ｔhereissomethingsoｎegatｉｖeabouttｈisrolesｏcｉetyｈeapseｎtirelyunｔothesｈouｌdeｒｓoｆwomｅｎ.flａtofmａkiｎgsuretｈａtthingｓdonotｇeｔdirtｙ,andpeoｐledoｎoｔｇeｔunheａlthy.Ｉwaｎｔｔobelieveiｎｈｅaltｈassomethinｇbasic,neｕtral,ｔｏassumethatａllｔheessentiａlsaｒecaｒedfor，oｒatleastwillnoｔmagnｉfytｈeｍseｌｖeｓintｏafull-timｅoｃcupatioｎ．Ｃanｙouimａｇineｗhａtwｏulｄhappｅntoaｍaｎwｈowasｓuddｅｎlyuprｏotedfromajoｂiｎwhｉcｈheplａcｅdｔheｍeaningofhisｌiｆe，andｄeｌeｇateｄtoaminｄlesstask，ｉnpeｒformｉnｇwhicｈhｅwaｓaｌsocutｏfffaｉrlｙcｏｍｐｌｅｔelyfroｍthepeoplewhosharedhisinｔｅrests'?IｔhinkmoreｏftｈeｍenIknｏwwoulddisｉｎtegratecomｐletelｙ.9l．'ThｅwriterattributｅsheratｔituｄeｔowarｄshouｓeｗｏｒｋtｏＡ)herrｅjectionofherpａｒents'ｏld－ｆashionedsｔａnｄarｄsB）herdｅteｒminationtoａｖoiｄhｅｒｍｏther'smistaｋｅsC)herｉｎheｒiｔedfeelｉｎgsofdutｙaｎdrｅseｎtｍentD)herspoiluｐｂｒingingasanonlyｃhilｄ9２.Tｈｅwrｉter'spareｎｔsreａctedtoaslｏvenlyaｐpearaｎcｅby.．_．．_._.A)ｃritｉciｓingtｈeoffeｎderｂitｔerlyB)strｅｓsingtｈesociaｌｉｍportanceｏｆcｌeａnlinessC)ｍaｋinｇsarｃastｉccommenｔsaｂｏutthematterD）expｒessingａｓeｎｓe:ofｍｏralｉndignation９３.IｔｓcemｓｔothewrｉｋｒｔhatsomesubｕrbanhouscwivcsmaｙＡ)eｎｇageintｅｄioｕsｇossiｐmereｌytoｐａssｆiｌetiｍeB)allowroutinetaskstobecｏｍecutobseｓsiｏnasuｉtabｌｅｆorahouseｗiｆethem1ｓociａlｓcieｎceｉnｄusｔryThｅtｒoublｅaｂoutｌｌｉromboｓｉs(ｉe－ｉlkOU．Ktylｒr''ＳpelltreatｍeｎtIｇｅteditｏrs，whosay,`Getｕｐ!aｓｔｏniｓhing,ｆorｇｅtｏｕghｔtogｏｔobedaｎdｓｔoｐmopinｇ.＇Tｈeｙｒeｍｉnｄｍeofthestｏrｙtoldｏftheeｃonｏmisｔ,Keynes,ａ'ldhisRussiａnｂallerinawiｆe,starｉngsilenｔlｙｉｎｔoｔhefiｒe.Keyｎesasked，`Whａtareｙｏuthｉｎkｉng,mｙdear?＇Shereplied,`Nｏthinｇ.'Andhｅsａid,`IwishIcouｌｄｄotｈat.'Thｅrｅisnｏtmuｃhｃomfortｔobehadfromｏtherhypochondriａｃs,eithｅr.Ihadlｕnchｏnceｗitｈａdistiｎｇuish