教师版：介词、连词

连词conjunction连词(conjunction)用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为_________和_________并列连词从属连词一、并列连词

(CoordinatingConjunctions)属性连接词典型例句并列关系and,both…and,notonly...butalso,neither...nor...,or,orelse,either...or...,otherwise

Theircarbrokedownhalfwayandtheyhadtostayinasmallinnforthenight.EitheryouorIammad.一、并列连词

(CoordinatingConjunctions)属性连接词典型例句转折关系but,yet,not…but…,while(对比)Marywasanicegirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.因果关系for(不能位于句首)，soSomeoneiscoming,forthedogisbarking.考查重点1：祈使句+and/or+陈述句①考查___________；②考查_____________；③考查陈述句谓语部分的______;④祈使句+and+简单句，相当于___条件句+主句；祈使句+or+简单句，相当于否定的条件句+主句连词and/or前面祈使句时态if

1)Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,_____you’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.2)Startoutrightaway,oryou__________(miss)thefirsttrain.3)Let’skeeptothepoint_____wewillneverreachanydecisions.4)Don’tbediscouraged.___thingsastheyareandyouwillenjoyeverydayofyourlife.A.TakingB.TotakeC.TakeD.TakenandwillmissorCPractice:考查重点2：

notonly…but(also)…

“不但…而且…”（重心在____）①连接相同的结构。

NotonlyyoubutalsoIamright.Jacobishonorednotonlyforwhathehasdone,but(also)forwhatheis.后者②notonly…butalso…连接并列分句时，若notonly位于句首，它所在分句谓语要部分倒装。

Notonly____I_________(respect)myparents,butIalsotrytoliveuptotheirexpectations.dorespectNotonlyyoubutalsoCora____(be)toblameforhisaccident.was③notonly…butalso…连接并列主语时，谓语动词就近原则。另外：由either…or,neither…nor,not…but等连接的并列主语,谓语也与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上一致。考查重点3：otherwiseotherwise“否则，要不然”试比较：1).Wemustbebackbeforemidnight,otherwisewe’llbelockedout.2).Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.注意：根据句意，其中的条件是真实的，就用陈述语气；如果条件不是真实的就用虚拟语气。

Practice:单选：1.Thechangesinthecitywillcostquitealot,______theywillsaveusmoneyinthelongrun.A.orB.butC.forD.since2.Atschool,somestudentsareactive________someareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.A.whileB.soC.althoughD.as改错：1、Althoughhewasill,buthewenttoschool.2、Becausetherearenoclassestomorrow，sotheywillgoonapicnic.AB去掉but去掉so介词

preposition介词（preposition），通常出现在名词、名词词组或代词等之前。介词短语在句中可以做______、____、_____、_____定语状语补语表语Thepoorgirlisintears.2.Makeyourselfathome.3.Thankstoyouradvice,wecompletedtheprojectontime.4.IhavelivedinLondonsince2005.

5.ThemannexttoBillisfromSpain.6.Weheldapartyinhonorofourfriends.表语补语原因状语时间状语定语目的状语判断下列句子中介词短语做什么成分？重点介词1：between根据例句总结between用法1).What's

the

difference

between

the

two

words?2).There

does

not

seem

much

difference

betweenthe

three

of

them.

Summary：between一般指“两者之间”，还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。注意这些重点介词重点介词2：across:TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossdeserts,overmountains,throughvalleys,tillatlastitreachesthesea.Summary:

across与on有关，意为fromonesidetotheothersideof(sth),表示动作在物体的表面进行，从一边到另一边。与through的区别：through与in有关,表示动作从物体中间穿过。用介词across,through填空：①Myhouseisjust_______thestreet.②Waterwillbepumped________apipe.③Doyouthinkthisshirtistootight________theshoulders?此外，across与静态动词连用时表示“在(街、河等)对面”或“在(身体某部位)上”以及“遍及”的意思。如：Theschoolisacrosstheriver.Hehasagiantscaracrosshischest.Herfamilyisscatteredacrossthecountry.acrossthroughacrossagainst意为“反对”，还有“倚靠，逆着，相反，在…的衬托下，与…比赛”等意思。注意：表示“赞成”的介词是for与infavourof同义翻译：1.That’sagainstthelaw.2.Shewasforcedtomarryagainstherwill.3.Theskier’sredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.那是违法的。她被迫违心的嫁了人滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目重点介词3：against重点介词4：with总结下面句子里with的含义：1).Killtwobirdswithonestone.2).Idon’thaveanymoneywithme.3).Peopletendtogrowmorepatientwithage.4).Youshouldn’ttalkwithfoodinyourmouth.5).Shewasshiveringwithcold.用(工具，手段，材料)因为随着在…状况下带着注意：with为介词“随着······”之意，后接名词或名词短语as与with同义，后接从句。用with,as填空(1)______thedaywenton，theweathergotworse.(2)______theproductionupby60%，thecompanyhadhadanotherexcellentyear.AsWith重点介词5：by1.通过短语理解by的含义：learn…byheartbywayofbyprofession bylawbythehour byfar bycheck 记牢经由在职业上按照法律按小时到目前为止2.翻译：1).BythetimethisletterreachesyouIwillhaveleftthecountry.你收到信时，我已离开这个国家。用支票2).Housespriceswentupby10%3).Itookhimbythehand.4).Theoldmanmadealivingbysellingnewspapers.房价上涨了10%我拉着他的手老人靠卖报纸谋生重点介词6.beyond1).Shehasasalarybeyondyourwildestdreams.2).PutthebottlebeyondAlice’sreach.3).Myhouseisjustbeyondtheriver.4)There’snothinginmyroombeyondabedandatelephone.Summary：在…的那一边；（时间，年龄，期待等）超过；（能力，程度）超出，为…所不能及；除…之外Practice：1).Luckily,thebulletnarrowlymissedthecaptain___aninch.A.

by

B.

at

C.

to

D.

From2).Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied

hisworksunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of3).Sorry,Madam.You’dbettercometomorrowbecauseit’s

thevisitinghours.A.duringB.atC.beyondD.beforeABC4).Thisnewmodelofcarissoexpensivethatitis

thereachofthosewithaverageincomes.A.overB.withinC.beyondD.below5)—Youaresolucky.—Whatdoyoumean

that？A.for

B.in

C.ofD.byCDat的用法:表示时间的一点，时刻等,如：at12:00,atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,atdusk,atdawn,atsunrise/sunsetin的用法:表示在某段较长的时间内（如:世纪、年代、朝代、月份以及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等）如：

inthe1980s,in1979,intheQingdynasty,inQctober,inthemorning/afternoon/evening1.表示时间的介词at,in,on注意这些介词的区别：on的用法：1)表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间,如:onMonday,onarainyday,onNationalDay等2)表示特定的上午、下午或晚上，如：onthemorningofJanuarythethird,ontheafternoonofhisarrival等Practice:在星期天上午______________________在三月初__________________________在儿童节__________________________在19世纪20年代_____________________OnSundaymorningin

early

March

onChildren’sDayinthe1820s

“in+段时间”与将来时连用“after+段时间”与过去时连用

“after+点时间”与将来时连用Practice:

①Mymotherwillcomeback____threeorfourdays.②Hearrived_________fivemonths.③Shewillappear_________fiveo’clockthisafternoon.inafterafter2.in,after表示“以后”3.for,since表时间时for后接时间段；since后接时间点1)Tomhasbeendoinghishomeworksinceseveno’clock.2)Ihaveworkedhereforthreeyears.TrueorFalse：1).NowMr.BrownlivesinLondon.HelivedAmericaforalmostfifteenyears2).Ihadn'theardfromhimsincelastyear.

TFhaven’t4.during,through,over表示时间用during,through,over填空1).Heoftenfallsasleep_______theclass.2).Thechildrenaretooyoungtosit________theconcert.3).Wehadapleasantchat_______acupoftea.Summary:during表示在…期间或者在…期间的某个时候;through表示自始至终；直到，一直到；over表示在…期间；一边…一边…duringthroughoverPractice:1).

Graduationisagoodtimetothankthosewhohavehelpedyou______thetoughyears.A.throughB.upC.with D.from2).I’msorryIdidn’tphoneyou,butI’vebeenverybusy_____thepastcoupleofweeks.A.beyondB.withC.amongD.over3).Theystayedwithmefortwoweeks,____theydrankallthebeerIhad.A.forwhichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.forwhichtimeADC6.until/tilltill与until同义，但不如until正式,句首常用until.表示持续的动作或状态在某一刻结束。掌握句型：“直到…才…”not…until…Itwasnotuntil…that…Notuntil…主句倒装Practice:1).Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_________________(manknow)whatheatis.2).Itwasnotuntil8o’clockinthemorning_________________________(妹妹才起床)didmanknowthatmysistergotup.besides“除……之外还有”，包括在内；except“除……之外”不包括在内；exceptfor“除了……”，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思；otherthan“除…之外”,通常用于否定句;but“除了”用于no,any,every,all,last,next等限定词和who,where,what等疑问词之后。7.besides,except,exceptfor,otherthan,but“除了”①Ican’teatanything___________porridge.②_________Mr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.③________________wascoveredinthenewspaper,heknewnothingabouttheaccident.④There’snothingtodo_______wait.⑤Yourcompositionisgood____________somespellingmistakes.BesidesExceptwhatbutPractice：otherthanexceptforas指身份、资格，意为“作为”，like用于说明相似关系，即两者在形态或特性上有相似之处，但并不等同。用as,like填空1)_______moststudents，shewasalwayspreparedandnevercametoclasslate.2)_______thechiefengineer，youshouldanswerforthisterribleaccident.LikeAs8.as，like“for+一段时间或距离”中的for常被省略1).Therainlasted(for)awholeafternoon.2).Thedesertstretches(for)thousandsofmiles.注意：for在否定句中或句首时不可省略：1).Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime.2).Forawholemonth,thereisnorain.1.for的省略注意这介词省略的情况：bebusy(in)doinghavedifficulty/trouble(in)doinghaveagoodtime(in)doinghavefun(in)doingwaste…(in)doingspend…(in)doingstop/preventsb(from)doingsth2.ing结构前介词的省略

thismorning,thatday,everySundaylastmonth;eachweek;anyday;allday;nextday/week;oneday;someday3.在last,next,this,that,one,each,every,some,any,all开头的表示时间的短语之前的at,on,in通常要省略。如：1).动词不定式作定语时，如果所修饰的名词在逻辑上与不定式有动宾关系，不及物动词构成的不定式后要加上相应的介词。Thepoormanhasnoroomtolivein.注意不要漏掉介词的情况2)在定语从句中，如果关系代词是从句谓语动词的宾语，而这个动词是不及物动词，或介词与关系代词一起表示时间，地点等时，都要有相应的介词。

①Idon’tknowthemanmyfathertalkedtojustnow.②I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichI