初中定语从句讲解

学习必备 欢迎下载Grammar语法AttributiveClauses定语从句一、定语从句及相关概念定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。Lookatthesesentences例句1：Themanwho/thatwashereyesterdayisamiddleschoolteacher..先行词一man（即从句修饰的名词或代词）；.关系代词一who/that（修饰人）。例句2：ThisisthetownwhereIwasborn..先行词一town（即从句修饰的名词）；.关系副词一where（修饰地点，从句中状语）。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：引导定语从句的词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等.

关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语先行词主格宾格所有格人who,thatwhom(who),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行词关系词Thestudents(whodon,tstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.先行词 定语从句.主句：Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.先行词Thewoman(whomyousawinthepark)isourEnglishteacher.先行词定语从句学习必备 欢迎下载主句：ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.从句的主语：you 从句的宾语：whomAshoeshopisashop(whichsellsshoes).主句：Ashoeshopisashop. 从句的主语：whichThebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句：Thebookisonthedesk.从句的主语：you从句的宾语：that引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,who,whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。Theman(that/whotoldusafunnystory)isinthenextroom.先行词关系代词做主语Ilostthebook(that/whichyougaveme).先行词关系代词做宾语定语从句的分类：(1)限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。(2)非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有句号。如：Themanwho/thatcamefirstisMike.I'llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmeteachother.Hismotherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,whichisgoodforherhealth.1.Heismybrother,whoisadoctor.我有一个兄弟，他是医生。(只有一个兄弟)2.Heismybrotherwhoisadoctor.我有一个当医生的兄弟。(至少有两个以上)归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。学习必备 欢迎下载who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。Aplaneisamachine_which/that_canfly.Thecar_which/that_myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.Thestudents_who/that_don,tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.Thewoman_whom/that_yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_that_interestedhimgreatlyintheschooloThatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk.Thatbookthatyouwantisonthedesk.Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek?Thisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek?Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.Heisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily.ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复2定语从句要避免漏用先行词3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开❖关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thewomanismymother.SheisspeakingatthemeetingThewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.判断步骤：(1)要判断出先行词学习必备 欢迎下载(2)要确定关系代词(即先行词)在从句中所担任的成分(3)要确定关系代词的人称和数注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制Thewomanwho(that)spokenyesterdayismymother.各关系代词的使用方法(1)who(whom)who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom(结构：介词+whom)。例如：ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.Sheisthegirlwho/whomImetthatday.Thedoctortowhomshesentherfriendisveryfamous注：为以下情况时，who不与that通用a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who.b.当先行词有较长定语时用whoImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that另一个用who.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.d.在therebe开头的句中用who(2)whose是代词的所有格，即可代人，又可代物。Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebagwhosecoverisred.(3)That只用于限定性定语从句中，介词后不能跟that，而跟which.Hismotherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,whichisgoodforherhealth.在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。Thepicturethat/whichwasdrawnbyTomwasnice.

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载使用关系词应注意的问题下列情况必须用“that”，不能用“which”：先行词all，anything，something,nothing,everythingIsthisallthatisleft?（就剩下这一个了吗？）2.先行词none,much,only修饰。Theonlythingthatisimportantistofindourwayhome.（唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。）3.先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。Thisisthebestfilm（that）I’veeverseen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。）4.“time”做先行词表示“……次”。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoBeijing.（这是我第一次去北京。）5.先行词既有人又有物：Mariatookphotosofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句❖在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用“which"，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。ThisisJohn’sbook,whichisveryinteresting.（这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。）在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that.在限定性定语从句中只用which，而不用that的情况。a.关系代词前有介词时Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.b.如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，另一句用which.LetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载关系代词与介词1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。例如：IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotethatletter.2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如：Theman（whom/who/that/）hewantstoseeisinShanghai.三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词是用来引导定语从句的作用：（1）在定语从句中替代先行词（2）在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用（3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句关系副词：where/when/why.各关系副词的用法：引导词：whenwherewhyIstillremembertheday_whenIfirstcametoBeijing.先行词“theday”在从句中做状语，表示时间：IfirstcametoBeijingontheday.（所以用关系副词when。）比较：Istillremembertheday（ which/that_）wespendtogether.先行词“theday”在从句中做spend宾语：Wespendthedaytogether.（所以在该句中用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。）Thisistheplace_where_weworkedlastyear.先行词“theplace”在从句中做状语，表示地点：Weworkedintheplacelastyear.（所以用关系副词where。）学习必备 欢迎下载比较：Thisistheplace(_which/that_)wevisitedlastyear.先行词“theplace”在从句中做visited的宾语：Wevisitedtheplacelastyear.（所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。）♦ 先行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词；先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。Thatisthereason（_why_）hedislikesme.Thatis（thereason）whyhedislikesme.先行词“thereason”表示原因，用关系副词why.该句中可省略先行词，或省略关系副词。♦关系代词：.先行词是人一whowhomwhosethat.先行词是物一whichthatwhose♦关系副词：.先行词是时间一when.先行词是地点一where.先行词是原因一whyPractice（练习）Thebeautifulcardisfrommyfriend_who_livesinAustralia.这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利亚的朋友寄给我的。IborrowedthebikefromTom_whose_fatherisateacher.我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那借的自行车。Thisistheearth_where_welive.这就是我们居住的地球。（“theearth”在从句中做状语）Weliveontheearth,_which_ismuchbiggerthanthemoon.非限定性定语从句）学习必备 欢迎下载我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。 （“theearth”在从句中做主语）stillremembertheday_when_Marymadeachocolatecake.我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕的那一天。（“theday”在从句中做状语）Fillintheblanks.Istillremembertheday_that/which_wespentintheforest.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhich_IfirstcametoBeijing.Thefactory_that/which_wewillvisitislarge.Thefactory_where_hisfatherworksislarge.I’llneverforgetthetimewhen/atwhich_weworkonthefarm.Thisisthehouse_where/inwhich_welivedlastyear.归纳:关系副词when指时间，关系副词where指地点在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点，若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.Thisisthecomrade_who/that_willgotothesouthwithustomorrow.Who'sthestudent_that_theteacheristalkingwith?Ilikethepresent_that/which_you'vesenttome.Thenurse_who/whom/that_wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.Thisisthemostdifficultjob_that_we'veeverdone.“介词