英语四级选词填空高频词汇与技巧

..确定空白处词性以下情况,空白处为动词：1n./pron.vt.n./pron.前有名后有名,中间谓动2n./pron.vi.前名后无名,谓动不及物3n./pron.vi.adv./prep.前名后介副,谓动不及物4n./pron.linkv./beadj.前名后形容,be动或系动5tov.前有to,后原型注意：确定空白处为动词,还需根据上下文确定正确形式以下情况,空白处为分词：过去分词：1has/have/hadp.p<完成时态>2bep.p<被动语态>3p.pn.或n.p.p<过去分词做形容词,表示被动或已发生>现在分词：1be-ing<进行时态>2-ingn.或n.-ing<现在分词做形容词,表示主动或正在进行>3prep.–ing<介词宾语>以下情况,空白处为名词：<名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语>1a/then.前有冠词2n.V.空白后为谓语动词3prep.n.空白前为介词,则空白处为名词或动名词<注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数;根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数>以下情况,空白处为形容词：1adj.n.n.adj.空白前后是名词2adv.adj.空白前是副词3linkv./beadj.be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语以下情况,空白处为副词：1adv.v.或v.adv.副词修饰动词,表示程度状态2adv.adj.副词可修饰形容词3adv.从句,有些副词做句子的状语,表示转折因果等逻辑关系确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义,继而缩小选择范围,节省大量时间。Sample:Theclassroom<offers>opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith_______,peacefulones.<根据语法判断此处为形容词,与peaceful有一样具有积极意义,与前文的angry,violent词义色彩相反,那么comprehensive,cooperative,entire应选择cooperative>介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语.注意to<介词&动词不定式>to的短语接动名词:abandononeselfto<沉溺于>,adhereto<坚持>,stickto<坚持,信守>,clingto<坚持,忠于>,admitto<承认>,confessto<承认>,contributeto<做贡献>,feelupto<感觉能胜任>,getdownto<开始着手做>,giveone’smindto<专心>,givewayto<让步>,yieldto<屈服>,leadto<导致>,lookforwardto<渴望>,objectto<反对>,taketo<开始从事,喜欢>,turnto<求助>,succumbto<屈服>,seeto<照顾,料理>,getusedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,becommittedto,bededicatedto,bedevotedto,beopposedto,bereducedto,besubjectto<受支配的,常遭受>,submitto<顺从,屈服>利用不定冠词<a/an>判断考点是否为元音开头,缩小选择范围Sample:Husbandandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a____thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.<scale,potential,gap,extreme,purchase,situation>充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词<若词库中出现一对近义或反义词,其中一个必定是干扰项.反义词考查学生对文章语境色彩的辨析,只要辨析考点单词是积极还是消极意义,就不难排除.近义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握,需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭配。>Sample：A>gravelyB>respectC>limitedD>specializeE>seriouslyF>promotingG>involvesH>relievedI>significantJ>magnificentK>rangeL>issuesM>resultN>determiningO>complicatedToday,wetakepain______.<此处应用副词做状语,考查近义词辨析.Takesth.seriously为固定搭配>注意一词多性：词库中的词有的既是名词又是动词,有些分词也可以充当形容词,确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词库中的单词词性,不能遗漏。<respect,result,range>EINinoisthenamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthepacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds<信风>,whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5℃<degreescentigrade>.Thewarningoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid<潮湿的>airovertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.IntheWestPacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.EINinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1982-83EINinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.The1990EINinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists54thistobethelongestEINinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanEINinowill55,buttheyarestillnot56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.其选项如下：A>estimate;B>strength;C>deliberately;D>notify;E>tropical;F>phenomenon;G>stable;H>attraction;I>completely;J>destructive;K>starvation;L>bringing;M>exhaustion;N>worth;O>strike解题方法一、辨析词性把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。纵观样题和真题,我们知道15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。辨性要注意下面几点。1.遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态,确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数;但应注意动词+ed型的有两种可能性,动词或形容词;遇到名词要确定单数还是复数。2.不认识的单词,看后缀。构词法中,前缀表明意思,后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀,往往能大致分出词性。3.词性一时无法确定的,暂时搁置,不必纠缠,影响全局。4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。以真题为例辨词性A>estimate;B>strength;C>deliberately;D>notify;E>tropical;F>phenomenon;G>stable;H>attraction;I>completely;J>destructive;K>starvation;L>bringing;M>exhaustion;N>worth;O>Strike名词：B,F,H,K,M<B的后缀th,H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀>谓语动词：A,D,O<A的-ate极可能是动词,D的-fy为动词后缀>非谓语动词：L<-ing结尾>形容词：E,G,J<E的-cal,G的able,J的tive是形容词后缀>副词：C和I<ly加在形容词后为副词后缀>注意：即使从没见过,也想办法看能否判断其词性,词的性质有时比词义还重要。词的性质并不总是固定的,有些不认识的或无法确定的,如N>worth<adj./n.>,可先搁置,不要过度纠缠。综合解题将选项分类之后,就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个,第一是词性,第二是词义。所以在读文章时,要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。<一>确定词性,确定选项的选择范围1>关于动词的判断前后都是名词短语,中间是动词。根据一句<包括从句>有且只有一个谓动的原则,其它地方如无谓语动词,则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanElNinowill55,but.<will后面必然是原形动词,一起构成谓语>55.OstrikeScientists54thistobethelongestElNinofor2,000years.<此句后只有一个tobe,是非谓语动词,故空格必为谓语动词;且空格前后均为名词性,也基本确定它是动词。>54.Aestimate一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号,后面一般是非谓语动词短语。TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.<前面是一个完整的句子,逗号后跟的,一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个,故直选之。>50.Lbringing2>其它词的判断形容词或名词修饰名词,限定词<the,this,that,a,my之类>后必有名词Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.47.FphenomenonThehot,humid<潮湿的>airovertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.49.EtropicalElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1981-83ElNinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.<前面是最高级的修饰语,自然是形容词。>52.Jdestructive副词修饰形容词或动词…,buttheyarestillnot56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.<修饰形容词sure,当为副词>56.Icompletely谓语动词前有名词主语Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.<happens是谓语动词,也可知前面为名词短语,缺一个核心名词。>47.Fphenomenon介词后面必有名词Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5°C.<在介词in的后面,当为名词无疑,此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少,当为在某个方面减少。>48.Bstrength<二>句里句外,猜测词义一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰,与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个,灵活处之。Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.strange修饰47,也许看不出来是什么,再看47与happen形成主谓关系,能够发生的是什么最好的当然是现象。47.Fphenomenon二看逻辑：1.句内<状语从句,解释,并列等>Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5°C.此句有一个状语从句,as表示的时间或因果关系,是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少,温度就上升,当然是风的速度或风力。48.BstrengthSowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.空格与前面两个名词并列,意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的,很容易选出starvation饥荒.51.Kstarvation2.前文<指代等、句间连词>Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.This告诉我们,此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是ElNino,无疑是一种天气"现象"。47.Fphenomenon表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。与this一大类的还有：This/these/such;thesame/similar;worse/better/more/less等。还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词,或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。递进：Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/inaddition/even/also转折：however/but/rather/instead因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence3.后文ElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1981-83ElNinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.段落开始部分,提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。ElNino究竟带来的是什么样的天气,后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52.Jdestructive<dead,damage>三看习惯用法：固定搭配Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.53.Nworth此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词,但可用…worthofsth,来表明价值某物的某东西。e.g.Thefirecausedthousandsofpounds'worthofdamage.America'smostfamouswomanistheGoddessofLiberty,i.e.theStatueofLiberty.Itwasfirstthoughtofin1865byEdouarddeLaboulayeanddesignedbyanotherFrenchman,FredericBartoldi.Theywantedto11libertyandfriendship.Itwashopedthatthemonumentwouldbecompletedby1876whenAmerica12itscentennial.Fundraisingandthe13ofthestatueinFrancewentslowly.Itwas1885whenthe214cratescontainingthestatuereachedNewYork.Americanswereinitially14fortheyhadnotraisedthemoneytopayfortheerectionofthebase.Fundraisingbypopularsubscriptionwasbehind15.OnefundraisingmethodusedwastohavepopularAmericanswriteletterswhichwerethensoldinpublic.Thebaseandstatue,16272feettall,werecompletedin1886.Froma17standpoint,thestatueisamarvel.TheinnerstructurewasdesignedbytheFrenchengineer,AlexandreEiffel.Hisdesignforthestressedcopperskinofthestatueanticipatedmanyofthe18utilizedinmodernaircraft.Afteracentury,themonumentbegantoshowsignsofgettingworsein19.JustasFrenchmenhadcreatedtheStatue,soitwaswithrestoration.AFrenchmannotedthedecayandFrenchandAmericancraftsmenandcontributionsbroughtabouttherenewaloftheStatueintimeforitscentennial.Libertyisstill20inFranceandtheUnitedStates.A.completelyB.measuresC.popularD.togetherE.honorF.manufactureG.scheduleH.rewardI.celebratedJ.principlesK.embarrassedL.technicalM.voluntaryNconditions0.discouraged答案：11.E12.I13.F14.K15.G16.D17.L18.JTheLouisianaPurchaseOnApril30,1803,theareaoftheUnitedStatesapproximatelydoubled.Untilthattime,UnitedStatesterritoryhadextendedfromtheAtlanticOceantothebanksoftheMississippiandfromtheGreatLakesandtheSt.LawrenceRivertothethirty-firstparallel.ThenationallandnowwasexpandedwestwardtoincludepracticallyalloftheareabetweentheMississippiRiverandtheRockyMountainsandbetweentheGulfofMexicoandtheCanadianborder.Onthatday,forfifteenmilliondollars,theUnitedStatespurchasedfromFrance875,000squaremilesofterritory.AfterRobertR.Livingston,anAmericanwhorepresentedPresidentJeffersoninFrance,signedhisnametothetreaty,herose,shookhandswithJamesMonroeandMarbois,theFrenchmanrepresentingNapoleonandremarked,"Wehavelivedlong,butthisisthenoblestworkofourlives."Asweglancebackwarduponthisimportanteventinhistory,wemustagreethatthesigningofthetreatyforthepurchaseofLouisianawasprobablythemostimportanteventinThomasJefferson'sadministration.Withouttheacquisitionofthisterritory,theUnitedStateswouldmostprobablyhavenotdevelopedintothepowerfulnationwhichitistoday.WhatCausesLedtoPurchaseoftheLouisianaTerritoryUntil1763,LouisianahadbeenapossessionofFrance,butinthatyearitwasgiventoSpaintorepayanolddebt.TwentyyearslaterinParis,thetreatyendingtheAmericanRevolutionwassignedbetweentheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.OneofthetermsofthistreatywasthatthewesternborderoftheUnitedStateswastostretchtotheMississippiRiver.ImmediatelysettlersandpioneerscrossedwestwardovertheAlleghenyMountainstocleartheterritoryandestablishfarms.Sinceroadswerescarceanddifficulttotravel,theproductsofthesefarmershadtobeshippedonthewaterwaysleadingtotheMississippiRiverandthendownthisgreatstreamtoNewOrleans.Atthisportcity,theproducewastransferredtolargerocean-goingvesselsandtransportedtomarketsontheEasternSeaboardortoEurope.However,Spain'sownershipofbothshoresoftheriverforatleasttwohundredmilesnorthofNewOrleanspermittedthisforeignnationtocontrolthetrademovingontheMississippi.Asamonarchy<君主政体>,theSpanishgovernmentdistrustedtherisingspiritofdemocracyintheUnitedStates,especiallythemuchfreerexpressionofdemocracythatexistedamongthewesternfarmers.ThisdistrustofdemocracyresultedinthedesireoftheSpanishtodenytheuseofthegreatrivertoanyAmericans.Thereactionwasinstantaneous<瞬间的>andfurious,westernfarmersraisedtheirvoicestoprotestandtheUnitedstatessentJohnJaytoMadridtodiscussthismatter.In1795thisconflictwassettled.SpainconsentedtoallowcitizensoftheUnitedStatestherighttousethelowerMississippiRiverandalsothe"rightofdeposit"atNewOrleans,therightofdepositpermittedAmericanfarmers,withoutadutycharge,toremovetheirproductsfromsmallerboatsatNewOrleansafterhavingnavigateddowntheMississippi,andthentotransfertheagriculturalcommoditiestolargerocean-goingvessels.Forthesucceedingfiveyearsthisagreementwasobservedandlittleconflictexisted.OnOctober1,1800,however,SpainsignedatreatygivingtheownershipoftheLouisianaterritorybacktoFrance.ThenewsofthistreatydidnotreachJeffersonuntilMayofthefollowingyear.Assoonashebecameawareofthechangeinownershipoftheterritory,JeffersonrealizedthatthiswaspartofaplanbywhichNapoleonhopedtoestablishFranceasagreatpowerintheNewWorld.AlthoughNapoleonstillpermittedSpaintoremainincontroloftheportofNewOrleans,thefuturethreattothenavigationrightsofthewesternfarmersstillremained.Atanymoment,Napoleonmightsendtroopstothe"Gateway"andforbidAmericanstouseitfornavigation.ThiswouldaffectalmostfortypercentofthetotalexporttradeoftheUnitedStates.ByApril1802Jefferson'sconcernsinthismatterbecameevenmoreintense.NapoleonhadshippedarmedforcestoSantoDomingotosuppresstheuprising.Oncethishadbeenaccomplished,thetroopswereunderorderstotakepossessionofLouisianawithitskeyportcityofNewOrleans.OntheeighteenthofthatmonththePresidentwrotehisnow-famouslettertotheAmericanMinistertoFrance,RobertR.Livingston.Thereisoneplaceontheglobe,onesinglespot,thepossessorofwhichisournaturalandhabitualenemy.ItisNewOrleansthroughwhichtheproduceofthreeeighthsofourterritorymustpasstomarket...itsealstheunionoftwonationswhoinconjunctioncanmaintainexclusivepossessionoftheocean.FromthatmomentwemustmarryourselvestotheBritishfleetandnation.SevenmonthslaterJeffersonlearnedthattheSpanishofficialsatNewOrleanshadsuspended<暂不实行>therightofdeposit.Immediatelywesternfarmersprotested.Manydemandedimmediateaction.Otherspressedforadeclarationofwar.TheFederalistsintheEastwhoopposedJeffersonsidedwiththosewhowishedtodeclarewar,inordertosplittheranksofhisfollowers.InJanuary1803,Congressappropriatedtwomilliondollars"todefray<支付>expensestohelpimproverelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandforeignnations."JeffersonaskedJamesMonroetosailforFrancetoresolvethedifficulty.MonroewasinstructedtonegotiateforthepurchaseofNewOrleansandFlorida.Hewaspermittedtooffer50,000,000francsforthisconcessionofterritory.Ifthisofferwererefused,thenanalternativeofferof37,500,000francswastobemadeforNewOrleansalone.AthirdalternativetobeusedinthenegotiationwastoinsistuponthepermanentrightofdepositatNewOrleansandnavigationalongthelowerMississippi.IfallthreeofferswererejectedbyNapoleon,MonroeandLivingstonwereinstructedtonegotiateanalliancewiththeBritishGovernment"nottomakeanypeacewithFrance."WhyNapoleonSoldLouisianaEventsfavoredtheUnitedStates.Napoleonhadtransported35,000troopstowipeouttherebellioninSantoDomingo,butyellowfeverandtherebelsdidawaywithmostoftheFrenchtroops.WiththisdisasterNapoleon'svisionsofexpandinginthemainlandatNewOrleansvanished.HealsorecognizedheinevitabilityofaconflictwithGreatBritain.HowcouldhehopetokeepLouisiana,thousandsofmilesawayacrosstheAtlantic,aslongasBritainwas"EmpressoftheSeas"?TherevenuethatthesaleofLouisianawouldbringtoFrancewasa