Unit 4 Reading and thinking 课文详解课件 【备课精讲精研】 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

必修二

U4Historyandtraditions历史与传统

ReadingandThinking阅读课

课文详解课件课文第一段语法和短语讲解

Thefirstparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England-manypeopleareconfusedby被困惑于whatthesedifferentnamesmean意味着.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany如果有的话?动名词短语作主语willhelpyousolvethispuzzle解决这个谜题.

Inthe16thcentury,在16世纪thenearby附近的countryofWaleswasjoinedto被加入到theKingdom王国ofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotland苏格兰wasjoinedto被加入到create创造theKingdomofGreatBritain大不列颠王国.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomoflreland爱尔兰

wasadded被添加tocreate创造theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandlreland.大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartoflrelandbrokeawayfrom脱离theUK,whichresultedin导致thefullname全称wehave（定语从句）today:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname简称（过去分词作定语）:"theUnitedKingdom"or"theUK".PeoplefromtheUKarecalled"British"whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredto指的是asBritainorGreatBritain.课文第二段：语法和短语讲解Thesecondparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

Thefourcountriesthatbelongto从属于theUnitedKingdomworktogether

紧密合作insomeareas地区，领域.Theyusethesameflag旗帜,knownastheUnionJack过去分词短语作定语,aswellas

也；和

share分享thesamecurrency货币andmilitarydefence军事防御.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystems教育制度andLegalsystems.法律制度

Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions传统,like像theirownnationaldays国庆日andnationaldishes本国菜肴.Andtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitions比赛liketheWorldCup世界杯!课文第三段：语法和短语讲解Thethirdparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,有一个长的和有趣

的历史等你去探索which非限制性定语从句canhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions传统.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbe

surroundedby被包围着

evidence

证据offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookover

占领；接管atdifferenttimes

在不同时期throughouthistory.贯穿整个历史Thefirstgroup,theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.在一世纪

Someoftheirgreatachievements成就included包括buildingtownsandroads,Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.

在五世纪Theyintroduced引进

thebeginningsoftheEnqlishlanauage,英语的雏形andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.定语从句课文第四段：语法和短语讲解

Thefourthparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

第四段：Thefourthparagraph：TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,在八世纪leftbehind

留下lotsofnewvocabulary词汇,andalsothenamesofmanylocations

地方acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.诺曼人Theyconquered征服Englandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastings

著名的黑斯廷斯战役inthe11thcentury.Theyhadcastlesbuilt

使城堡被建allaroundEngland遍及英国,andmadechangestothelegalsystem,改革了法律制度

TheNormanswereFrench,somanyFrenchwordsslowlyentered进入intotheEnglishlanquage.课文第五段：语法和短语讲解Thefifthparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

Thereissomuchmoretolearnabout了解theinterestinghistoryandculture文化oftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountry

动名词短语作主语willmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable更愉快.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcity古老的港口城市thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes一直追溯到罗马时期.Therearecountlesshistoricsites不计其数的历史遗址toexplore,andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelics古代遗址fromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinating

迷人的mix混合物ofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,留心；留意youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent现在.拓展阅读讲解：Theexplainationoftheexpendingreadingmaterials.Viking,DanishInvasionsandtheNormanConquest维京、丹麦人的入侵和诺曼征服

TheNorwegians挪威人andtheDanes丹麦人attacked攻击various各种各样的，不同的partsofEnglandfromtheendofthe8thcentury.Theybecameaseriousproblem成为一个而严重的问题inthe9thcentury,especiallybetween835and878.Theyevenmanagedto设法

capture占领York约克郡,animportantcenterofChristianity

基督教in867.Bythemiddleof9thcentury,theViking维京人andtheDanes丹麦人wereposingathreat威胁totheSaxon萨克森kingdomofWessex.威萨克斯王国CurrentNewsReadingTextofXi'ssignedarticleonSaudimedia习近平在沙特阿拉伯媒体发表署名文章CarryingForwardOurMillennia-oldFriendshipandJointlyCreatingaBetterFuture

传承千年友好，共创美好未来

中华人民共和国主席习近平

XiJinping

PresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

IamcomingbacktoRiyadh,bringingwithmeprofoundfriendshipfromtheChinesepeople.IamheretojoinmyArabfriendsforthefirstChina-ArabStatesSummitandthefirstChina-GulfCooperationCouncil(GCC)SummitandtopayastatevisittoSaudiArabia.带着中国人民的深情厚谊，我再次来到利雅得，同阿拉伯朋友一道召开首届中国－阿拉伯国家峰会、Designedasatripofbuildingonthepastandmoreimportantly,ofopeningupabetterfuture,thevisitwillcarryforwardourtraditionalfriendship,andusherinanewerainChina'srelationswiththeArabworld,withArabstatesoftheGulf,andwithSaudiArabia.这是一次传承之旅，更是一次开创之旅，目的是发扬光大中阿、中海、中沙传统友好，开启中国同阿拉伯世界、海湾阿拉伯国家、沙特阿拉伯关系新时代。

First,atime-honoredfriendshipthatgoesbackthousandsofyears一、千年友谊，源远流长

TheexchangesbetweenChinaandArabstatesdatebackmorethan2,000years.中国和阿拉伯国家的交往可以追溯到2000多年前。TheconstantstreamsofcaravansalongthelandSilkRoadandthebillowingsailsalongthemaritimeSpiceRoadhavebornewitnesstohowtheChineseandArabcivilizationsinteractedwithandinspiredeachotheracrosstheAsiancontinent.从那时起，陆上丝绸之路商旅络绎，海上香料之路云帆高张，中阿文明在亚洲大陆两端相映生辉。ItwasthroughtheseexchangesthatChineseporcelainandpaper-makingandprintingtechniqueswereintroducedtotheWestwhileArabastronomy,calendarandmedicinewentallthewaytotheEast.Wehavetradedgoods,sparkedinnovation,sharedideas,andspreadthefruitsofculturalexchangestotherestoftheworld,leavingasplendidchapterinEast-Westengagementandmutuallearning.中国的瓷器、造纸术、印刷术一路西行，阿拉伯的天文、历法、医药万里东来。我们互通有无，启迪创新，碰撞思想，把文明交流的成果传播四海，书写了东西交融、互学互鉴的历史佳话。

ThecontactsbetweenChinaandArabstatesoftheGulfarewelldocumented.中国和海湾阿拉伯国家的交往经由史籍流传至今。DuringtheEasternHanDynasty,GanYing,aChineseemissary,reachedthe"westernseas,"namelytheGulf,onhismissiontotheRomanEmpire.中国东汉时期，甘英奉命出使，“临西海以望大秦”，ThisisthefirstofficialrecordofChineseenvoysreachingArabstatesoftheGulf.留下中国使者到达海湾阿拉伯国家的最早官方记载。Morethan1,200yearsago,anArabnavigator,AbuObeida,sailedfromSoharPorttotheChinesecityofGuangzhouonalegendaryjourneythatwaslateradaptedtotheexcitingandwell-knownadventuresofSindbad.1200多年前，阿拉伯航海家奥贝德从苏哈尔港出发到达中国广州，这段传奇经历被演绎成精彩的辛巴达历险故事，脍炙人口。Inthe1980s,areplicashipnamedtheSoharretracedtherouteopenedbyancientArabnavigators,connectingthepastandpresentfriendlyinteractionsbetweenthetwosides.上世纪80年代，仿古制造的“苏哈尔”号重走古代阿拉伯航海家开辟的航路，连通双方友好交往的历史和现实。

ChinaandSaudiArabiahaveadmiredeachotherandconductedfriendlyexchangessinceancienttimes.自古以来，中国和沙特相互欣赏、友好往来。TheprophetMuhammadsaid,"SeekknowledgeevenifyouhavetogoasfarasChina."先知穆罕默德曾说：“知识，虽远在中国，亦当求之”。Sevenhundredyearsago,WangDayuan,aChinesetraveleroftheYuanDynasty,arrivedatMeccawhichhedescribedasaplacewithbeautifulsceneries,mildweather,fertilericefields,andahappypeopleinhisbookABriefAccountofIslands.ItwasanimportantbookfromwhichtheChineselearnedaboutSaudiArabiaatthattime.700年前，中国元代汪大渊曾到达麦加，描绘麦加“风景融合，四时之春，田沃稻饶，居民乐业”，他的《岛夷志略》成为中国了解古代沙特的重要文献。Sixhundredyearsago,ZhengHe,aChinesenavigatoroftheMingDynasty,reachedJeddahandMedinaonhisoceangoingvoyages,leavingbehindhimmanystoriesoffriendshipandexchangesthatarestillwidelytoldtoday.600年前，中国明代航海家郑和多次远航到达吉达、麦地那等地，传播友好、增进交流，至今为人们乐道。ThejointChinese-SaudiarchaeologicalexcavationoftheruinsofthealSerrianportconductedinrecentyearshasunearthedmanyporcelainwaresofChina'sSongandYuandynasties.Theystandastestamentstoallthosefriendlyinteractions.过去几年，中沙联合开展塞林港遗址考古，出土的大量中国宋代、元代瓷器诉说着两国友好的过往。Second,solidarityandcooperationforaChina-Arabcommunitywithasharedfutureinthenewera二、团结合作，构建面向新时代的中阿命运共同体TheArabworldisanimportantmemberofthedevelopingworldandakeyforceforupholdinginternationalfairnessandjustice.阿拉伯世界是发展中国家重要成员，是维护国际公平正义的重要力量。TheArabpeoplevalueindependence,opposeexternalinterference,standuptopowerpoliticsandhigh-handedness,andalwaysseektomakeprogress.阿拉伯人民崇尚独立自主，反对外部干涉，不畏强权霸道，是追求进步的人民。Arabstatesareendowedwithdiverseresources,andhavebuiltindustrieswithdistinctivefeatures,scoredremarkableachievementsindevelopment,anddemonstratedenormouspotentials.阿拉伯国家资源禀赋多元，产业特色鲜明，建设成就斐然，是极具潜力的国家。TheArabcivilizationadvocatesthemiddlewayandmoderation,encouragesinclusivenessandmutuallearning,opposesclashofcivilizations,andisdeeplyrootedinitsrichcultureandhistory.阿拉伯文明倡导中道平和，鼓励包容互鉴，反对文明冲突，是底蕴深厚的文明。Beitontheworldpolitical,economicorculturalmap,Arabstatesalwaysclaimanimportantplace.在世界政治、经济、文明版图中，阿拉伯国家占据重要地位。Sincethe1950s,ChinahasestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithallArabstates.Theirinteractionsfeaturemutualunderstanding,mutualrespect,mutualassistanceandsolidarity.Theyhavebecomegoodfriendstreatingeachotherasequals,goodpartnerspursuingmutualbenefit,andgoodbrotherssharingwealandwoe.上世纪50年代以来，中国同阿拉伯国家陆续建交，双方相互理解、相互尊重、守望相助、风雨同舟，成为平等相待的好朋友、互惠互利的好伙伴、同甘共苦的好兄弟。

Inthe21stcentury,China-Arabrelationshavecontinuedtomoveaheadagainstafluidinternationallandscape,andachievedhistoricleapfroggrowthinpoliticaltrust,mutuallybeneficialeconomiccooperation,andculturalmutuallearninginbothbreadthanddepth.进入21世纪，中阿关系在国际风云变幻中砥砺前进，政治互信、经济互利、文明互鉴的广度和深度实现历史性跨越。Inthepastdecade,China-Arabrelationsenteredaneweraandregisteredaseriesoflandmarkandgroundbreakingachievementsinvariousareas.过去10年，中阿关系进入新时代，各领域取得一系列标志性、突破性成就。Collectively,Chinahasestablishedafuture-orientedstrategicpartnershipofcomprehensivecooperationandcommondevelopmentwithallArabstates.中国同阿拉伯国家集体建立全面合作、共同发展、面向未来的战略伙伴关系，Individually,Chinahasestablishedcomprehensivestrategicpartnershiporstrategicpartnershipwith12Arabstates,同12个阿拉伯国家建立全面战略伙伴关系或战略伙伴关系，andsigneddocumentsonBeltandRoadcooperationwith20Arabstates.同20个阿拉伯国家签署共建“一带一路”合作文件。AmongArabcountries,17haveexpressedsupportfortheGlobalDevelopmentInitiative(GDI),17个阿拉伯国家支持全球发展倡议，15havebecomemembersoftheAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank,15个阿拉伯国家成为亚洲基础设施投资银行成员国，and14