高考英语语法专项讲义：名词性从句难点精讲

高考英语语法专项讲义：名词性从句难点精讲简明概述：名词性从句在句中相当于名词词组/成分。由于它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句（总称）又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。引导名词性从句的连接词重点概括如下：1.连接词：that,whether,if（只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不作任何成分）注：that-从句作主语时，常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语，而将that-从句放在句末，避免头重脚轻。1.Itisnecessary(a.)that

…2.Itisknown-ed分词that

…3.Itisapity(n.)that

…4.Itseems(vi.)that

…2.连接代词：what(whatever),who(whoever),whom,whose,which(whichever)3.连接副词：when,where,why,how注：连接代词和连接副词作主语时，也常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语。例句：It

isdoubtful

why

hisparentsaredeterminedso

persistently

tosendtheyoungboyabroadforfurtherstudy.It

hasnotbeendecidedyet

who

willtaketheresponsibilitytonegotiatewiththegovernment.注（1）：引导主语从句的连接词不可省略例句：That

thecandidatewasselectedasthePartyChairmanmadeusexcited.注（2）：引导同位语从句的连接词不可省略例句：Weworriedabout

theforecast

that

therewouldbeonlyafewaffordableapartmentspreparedfor

blue-collarworkers

intier-onecities（一线城市）inthefollowingthreeyears.注（3）：表示“是否”的时候，只用whether不用if的情况1.

后有“ornot”例句：Itisunknowntoall

whether

thenewpolicycanimprovethestandardofpeople’slives

ornot.2.引导表语从句例句：Thekeynoteis

whether

children’ssafetycanbeguaranteed.3.引导主语从句并在句首例句：Whether

theexperimentcouldbeconducted(ornot)remainedunknowntothestudents.4.

作介词宾语例句：Thechild

is

fearfulof

whether

anotherwarwillbreakoutatanymoment.六、倒装简明概述：倒装句由全部倒装和部分倒装组成。全部倒装是把句中的谓语部分全部挪到主语前面，时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时；部分倒装则是将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词倒装于主语之前。如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需要我们帮助补充助动词，如do，does，did，并将它们放在主语的前面。全部倒装（时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时）：A.句中如有副词here,there,now,then,away,hence,thus,etc.位于句首，谓语动词为come,go,be,stand,fall,lie,etc.典型例句：Away

ranthechild.There

livesatiger.Here

isyourmoney.B.表示方位/运动方向的副词（如in,out,away,off,up,down,etc.）位于句首，谓语表示运动的动词（如come,go,jump,run,swim,stand,rush,etc.）。例句：Away

swamawhale.C.

地点状语位于句首例句：Underthetree

restedanoldlady.D.

Therebe

…

句型例句：Thereis（注意主谓一致）aradio,two

television

sets

and

tenchairsinthisroom.There

are

manyTVprogramsinprimetime（黄金时间段）.注：全部倒装只有在主语是名词的前提下才能全部倒装，如果主语是人称代词则不能全部倒装。对比例句：Away

ranthechild.

Away

he

ran.There

livesatiger.

There

it

lives.部分倒装：A.

句首有否定或半否定的词语（注：如果否定词不在句首，则不需要倒装），Eg:

No,Not,None,Nobody,Nowhere,Never,Little,Few,Seldom,Hardly,Atnotime,Innoway,Notuntil…,Notonly…butalso…,Hardly…when…,Scarcely…when…,No

sooner…than…,etc.例句：Nowhere

canyoufindaplacebetterthanyourhome.Innoway

could

youdestroythe

incontrovertible

evidence.Atnotime

canacountryuseforcetowardsavulnerablegroup.Never

have

I

scoldedmychildevenifhehasmadeanymistakes.重点：Notuntil…总结：主句倒装，从句不倒装；否定词不在句首不需倒装例句对比：Notuntil

thattime（名词短语）did

I

knowwhyshechosetoleavemewithoutanyhesitation.=

I

didn’t

knowwhyshechosetoleavemewithoutanyhesitation

until

thattime.Notuntil

thechild

madeafullrecoveryfromthe

heart

operation（从句）didhisfathergoabroadonbusiness.=Thefather

didn’t

goabroadonbusiness

until

thechildmadeafullrecoveryfromtheheartoperation.重点：Notonly…

butalso…1.NotonlyAbutalsoB，若A和B是名词性短语，则不需要倒装例句：Notonly

students

butalso

teachers

shouldkeepstudyingcontinuously

and

absorbnewknowledgeto

broaden

theirminds.2.NotonlyAbutalsoB，若A和B都是分句的话，则A倒装，B不倒装。对比例句：Notonly

shouldwereconstructeconomy,

butalso

createmorepositionsfortheunemployed.Weshould

notonly

reconstructeconomy,

butalso

createmorepositionsfortheunemployed.重点：Hardly…when…;Scarcely…when…;Nosooner…than…对比例句（注意时态：前过完后过去时）：Hardly

hadI

lefthome

when

mydogbarked.Ihad

hardly

lefthome

when

mydogbarked.Scarcely

hadwegone

out

oftheclassroom

when

itbegantorain.Wehad

scarcely

goneoutoftheclassroom

when

itbegantorain.Nosooner

hadtheChairman

declaredtheresultofthe

contest

than

the

contestant

shiveredwithexcitement.TheChairmanhad

nosooner

declaredtheresultofthecontest

than

the

contestant

shiveredwithexcitement.B.Only位于句首要部分倒装1.Only

bythismeans/inthisway（短语）canyounoticetheimportanceofefficientstudymethods.2.Only

aftermakingthesamemistaketwice（从句）willhelearnalesson.（主句部分倒装，从句不倒装）C.

So…that…句型中若so位于句首，则需要部分倒装例句：So

angrywastheboy

that

hedecidedtobreakofffri