初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习

初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：Iftimepermits,we'llgofishingtogether.如果•时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.如果•你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。(隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授)。虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。.含有条件状语从句的复合句wish(wouldrather)+宾语从句suggest(…)+宾语从句.主语从句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(shou⑹+do表语从句S+isthat+s+(should)+do同位语从句S+that+s+(should)+do.定语从句Itis(high)timethat+S+did用过去式表现在情况.时态后退型用过去完成式表过去两种形式 用过去将来表将来.should+动词原形型内容详述.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例5=主语)时间条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+S+did… S+would/should/could/might+d。…与过去事实相反的假设If+S+haddone…S+would/should/could/might+havedone…与将来事实相反的假设 did…If+SshoulddoweretodoS+would/should/could/might+d。…注意事项：1、倒装句。如果1条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时，可以省去用把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2、错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3、Ifthereweren't/hadnotbeen+・・・=without…4、Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn'tbeenfor-=butfor…5、otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6、虚拟语气的句子，but+陈述事实的句子.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中sb.did…（希望现在用过去式）wish+thatsb.haddone…（希望过去用过去完成灰）sb.would/shoulddo（希望将来用过去将来）wouldrather后的从句要用虚拟语气。时间从句虚拟现在 were,did（动词一般过去式）虚拟过去 haddone虚拟将来 did（动词一般过去式）例：IwouldratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.（虚拟过去）I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.（虚拟将来）I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.（虚拟现在）suggest+（that）S+should+d。…表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should+动词原形，should常常省略。这类词有：decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,recommend,requested,require等。注意：suggest当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气insist当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。判断改错：（错）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.（对）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.（错）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.（对）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.III.虚拟语气用在主语从Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可省略。Itis可用的词有三类that （should）dosuggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等/、虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为（should）+动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice,suggestion,proposal（提议），order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation（推荐）,plan,resolution（决议），idea等。eg.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion（should）beputoff、V、虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为（should）+动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。eg.Mysuggestionisthatthemayor（should）presenttheprizes.VI、虚拟语气用在定语从句中Itis（about/high）time+thatsb.didsth/shoulddosth..eg.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome?注：在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat、、、句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。eg.IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong?VII.虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中1、在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如：Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他俩去办公室。2、由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had+过去分词”。如：HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit,她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。3、虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得)，forfearthat及incase引导的目的状语从句中。在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should+动词原形构成，should也可省略。eg.Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain、丫^虚拟语气用情感语言中1、虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。eg.Youshouldn'thavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely；youshouldhavekeptyourdistance、2、Ifonlysb./sth.+时态后退型的谓语eg.IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法：.清掉if的条件从句结构：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…).有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,hewould...).有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor,sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.虚拟语气练习题：Ifyouwereoldenough,Iyoutogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowedThesecretarysuggestedthattheythemeninatonce.A.hadbrought B.shouldhavebrought C.broughtD.bringIyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.Was B.Hadbeen C.Willbe D.WereItisstrangethatsuchathinginyourclass.A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happenedHowIwishItorepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtried B.hadn'ttried C.havetried D.didn'ttryIfhetotheteacherattentively,hetheanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknowIwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseIyourbirthdayparty.A.attended B.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattendedIfonlyIhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.A.hadknown B.wouldknow C.shouldknowD.knewThetwostrangerstalksasiftheyfriendsforyears.A.were B.wouldbe C.havebeen D.hadbeenItishightimeweupourresults.A.sum B.summed C.willsum D.wouldsum11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohnnomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.A.willtake B.took C.take D.takesButfortheguidanceofourinstructor（导师）,weintheexperiment.A.shouldn,tsucceed B.couldnothavesucceededC.willnotsucceed D.shouldnothavesucceededIt’sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtakeShecouldn'thaveansweredthequestionifsheafewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’treadIsn’titabouttimethatyoutopickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.go D.willgoTheyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfreeimmediately.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbesetYouradvicethattillnextweekisreasonable.A.shewaits B.shewait C.waitshe D.shewaitedItwasessentialthatwelease（条约、合同）beforetheendofthemonth.A.sign B.signed C.hadsignedD.weresigning

IwishthatIwithyoulastnight.A.went B.havegone C.couldgo D.couldhavegoneHespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifheaChinese.A.were B.hadbeen C.is D.hasbeenawayforages.D.hadbeenTOC\o"1-5"\h\zLookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheA.hasbeen B.was C.isawayforages.D.hadbeenItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyourregistration.A.willconfirm B.confirm C.confirms D.mustconfirmIfIhadseenthemovie,Iyouallaboutitnow.A.wouldtell B.willtell C.havetold D.wouldhavetoldIhadhopedthatJohnayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.A.spends B.spent C.wouldspend D.willspendI’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.do B.didn’tdo C.don’t D.didn’tEverybodyhasarrived.It’stimewe theclass.A.shallstartB.wouldstart C.hadstartedD.shouldstarttheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSundayA.Inspiteof B.Butfor C.Becauseof D.AsforWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken29.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifsheafewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’tread B.hasn’tread C.wouldn’tread D.didn’treadThesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesunroundtheearth.A.werecircling B.circles C.iscircling D.becirclingthefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.ButforButfortheguidanceofourinstructor（导师）,we_ __intheexperiment.A.shouldn’tsucceed B.couldnothavesucceedC.willnotsucceed D.shouldnothavesucceededTheLawrequiresthateveryone hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.has B.had Cwillhave D.haveIrecommendedthatthestudent hiscompositionassoonaspossible.A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwritingIwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butIyourphonenumberthen.A.hadn’thadB.didn’thave C.shouldn’thave D.couldn’thaveWithoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe37.IwishIyouyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,youallrightnow.A.are B.were C.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhethereA.hadbeen B.hasbeenC.was D.been.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater.Itlooksasifit.A.breaks B.hadbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroke