2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题01-冠词

2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题一冠词重难点分析冠词是一种虚词，没有词义，不能单独使用，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。一、冠词的位置考占J八、、示例1such/what/many/rather/quite+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词quiteasmallhouse,suchalittleboy2how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词soniceagirl3both/all/half/twice/double+the+名词twicethesizeoftheroom4halfa(n)或ahalf+单数可数名词halfanhour/ahalfhour二、不定冠词考占J八、、示例1表示泛指，与any冋义Asquarehasfoursides.正方形有四边。2表示数量“一”，与one同义，但其数的概念不如one强烈Hewillbebackinaweek.一周后，他就会回来了。3表示一类人或东西，与thesame同义Birdofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚，人以群分。4表示“每一个”，与every,each,per同义Ivisitmyfatheronceamonth.我一个月见一次我爸爸。5表示“某一”，与acertain同义AMr.Smithiswaitingtoseeyou.一位斯密斯先生在等着要见你。6表示“像……似的”，与like同义HeisaLeiFenginourclass.他是我们班上的雷锋。7用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、一份或一场”等Wehadaheavyrainlastnight.我们昨晚遇到了一场大雨。8用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化Youareagreathelptoyourmother.你帮了你母

亲一个大忙。三、定冠词考占J八、、示例1特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受定语修饰的人或物ThereImetaforeigner,andtheforeignerhelpedmealot.Doyouknowthemanstandingbythewindow?2用于单数名词前，指一类事物Thelionisawildanimal.3用于乐器名称前playtheviolin/piano4用于世界上独一无二的事物前thesun,theearth,themoon5与某些形容词连用表示一类人therich,thepoor,theyoung,theaged6用在序数词和最高级前thefirstonetocometoschool,thebeststudentinourclass7在江河、湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中TheChangjiangRiver,theWestLake,theEnglishChannel8在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前theBrowns,inthe1980s9在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的人民theChinese,theEnglish10用在一些习惯用语中inthemorning,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextyear四、零冠词考占J八、、示例1专有名词和不可数名词前China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo,air,money,water2名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,any等Godownthisstreet.3当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时Wearestudents.Ilikereadingstories.4成对名词连用时dayafterday,facetoface5在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前playbasketball,playchess,likephysics,speakEnglish,atlunch6AutumnisthebestseasoninBeijing.InMay,NewYeai'sDay,onSunday在季节、月份、星期或某些含Day的节假日等名词前7在某些习惯用语中的名词前atnoon,bybus,bytelephone,inbed,intime,gotobed,gotocollege五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。infrontof在（外）的前面；inthefrontof在（内）的前面Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一个花园。（外）Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一块黑板。（内）inchargeof掌管、负责；inthechargeof在……负责之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。attable在进餐、吃饭时；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.吃饭时他很少说话。Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。byday白天、日间；bytheday按日计Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在办公室工作。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。takeplace发生、举行；taketheplace（of）代替、接替Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?这次谈话什么时候进行的？Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。inwords用语言；inaword总之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.请用言语表达你的想法。Inaword,Idon'ttrustyou.总之，我不相信你。attimes有时、不时；atatime一次Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有时我确实感到有些紧张。Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次递给我两块砖。little少、不多的；alittle一些、一点儿Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快点，时间不多了。Don'thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你还有时间。few很少、几乎没有的；afew有些、几个Heisamanoffewwords.他是一个少言寡语的人。Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有几个孩子会阅读。amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容词的最高级）Thisisamostinterestingstory.这是一个非常有趣的故事。Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。adoctorandnurse一位医生兼护士；adoctorandanurse一位医生和一位护士Adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。Adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。anumberof许多、好些；thenumberof的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数）Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.许多学生在教室里。Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40个学生。考点练透一、单句填空用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“/”。—hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn'tMr.Smithhere.Iknowyoudon'tlikemusicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkofmusicinthefilmwesawyesterday?—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightoverkeyboard.—Youshouldn'tputdrinksnearcomputer.Ofallreasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather'sadvicewasmostimportantone.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization,health-careplansareneededinallbigcitiestopreventspreadofAIDS.Forhimstageisjustmeansofmakingaliving.Ithinkifreallyhonorformetospeakhere.ThislabusedtobeinchargeofMr.Wang.IknowthereisMr.Smithnextdoor,whohasgoneonbusiness.Hedevotesmostofhistimetofootball.AndIamsurehepromisesexcellentfootballer.Don'tloseheart.Pleasehavesecondtry.Thosewhoarerichshouldhelppoor.Insomefactoriesworkersgetpaidbypiece.JohnisuniversitystudentfromEuropeancountry.Teachersplayactiveandimportantpartinbuildingupstudents'character.Zhangsliveonthesecondfloor.Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Atowerisseenindistance.Incaseoffire,pleasepressredbutton.Shenzhenhaspopulationofmorethan10million.daysIspentwithMaryinShanghaiweresowonderful.Mybrotherwasborninspringof1990.Howsweetlyshesings!Ihaveneverheardbettervoice.BeijingissecondlargestcityinChina.MytriptoTibetwasreallyunforgettableexperience.二、语篇填空在括号中填入适当的冠词。Thereoncewasakingwhooffered1prizeto2artistwhowouldpaint3bestpictureofpeace.Manyartiststried.Thekinglookedatall4pictures.Buttherewereonlytwohereallyliked,andhehadtochoosebetweenthem.Onepicturewasofacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectmirrorforpeacefulhighmountainsallaroundit.Overheadwasablueskywithfluffy（绒毛状的）whiteclouds.Allwhosawthispicturethoughtitwas5perfectpictureofpeace.Theotherpicturehadmountains,too.Butthesewereruggedandbare.Abovewas6angrysky,fromwhichrainfellandinwhichlightningplayed.Down7sideofthemountaintumbled（翻腾）afoamingwaterfall.Thisdidnotlookpeacefulatall.Butwhenthekinglookedclosely,hesawbehind8waterfallatinybushgrowinginacrackintherock.Inthebush9motherbirdhadbuilthernest.There,inthemidstofthebushofangrywater,satthemotherbirdonhernest—inperfectpeace.Thekingchose10secondpicture.三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel,1outstandingscientistandinventor.Besides,hehadabigbusiness2makingandsellingexplosives,whichmaysurpriseyou.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomething3surprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?4AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.Hewasoneofthe5(rich)inEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.Weknowthem6theNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthe7(win)tobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountry8camefrom.AlfredNobel9(give)hiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,10helefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.助读词汇explosive助读词汇explosiven.炸药outstandingadj.杰出的willn.遗嘱benefitn.利益setup设立；建立fundn.基金weaponn.武器interestn.利息；收益effortsn.努力leavebehind留下参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1.a2./;the3.the;a4.the;the5.the;the6.the;a7.an8.the9.a;/10./;an11.a12.the13.the14.a;a15.an16.The17./;/18.the19.the20.a21.The22.the23.a24.the25.