英语语法-省略句

英语语法省略句12为什么要省略避开重复，让语言更加简洁3非替代式省略主语的省略Sitdown,please.Givemethepen,willyou?(It/That)soundsgreat.(I)begyourpardon.4表语的省略—Isyourfatheraworker?—Yes,heis(aworker).—Areyouwelltoday?—Yes,Iam(well).5“主语+谓语”的省略Although(heis)aboysixyearold,heknowsalot.If(youare)interestedinasubject,youwilllearnitwell.6“主语+动词+宾语”的省略—Forwhomyouboughtthebirthdaypresent?—Formymother(Iboughtthebirthdaypresent).7名词短语中中心词的省略Abirdinhandisworthtwo(birds)inbush.Heisthefirst(student)tocomeintoclassandthelast(student)toleave.8全部格后名词的省略Hestayedathisgrandpa's(house)foraweek.SheboughtthecoatatMary's(shop).9两个名词并列时，其次个名词前的冠词可省略。Boththerichand(the)poorshouldenjoythesameright.Itisapenor(a)pencil?10并列结构中，相同句子成分的省略Ilikenoodlesbutmyhusbandhates(noodles).Mymothergoestoworkbybusandmyfather(goestowork)bycar.IlikeEnglishmorethan(Ilike)math.Hisfatherloveshimmorethanhisfather(loveshim).Tomishard-workingbutJohn(is)lazy.Youcangotherebybusor(by)train.11关系代词的省略Heistheman(that/who/whom)Imetyesterday.Thepen(that)IpickedupontheroadandthatIputinmypencilboxhadgone.12关系副词的省略Bythetime(when)hewassix,hehadsethislife-longaim.Istillrememberthefirstday(when)Iwenttoschool.EverytimeIseethepicture,Iwillrecallmychildhood.用在某些表示时间名词后的关系副词可省略，如：thetime、everytime、eachtime、themoment等。当先行词为way时，关系副词常常省略。Iappreciatetheway(that/inwhich)youteachus.Heplaysbasketballthewayhisfatherdoes.13代替式省略do用来代替动词或动词加其它成分。TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes(=runs).Didyouwatertheflowerstoday?Yes,Idid(=wateredtheflowers).Hedidn’tpassthedrivingtest,butIwishhehaddone(=passedthedrivingtest).14to在省略结构中代替不定式，常同want,try,expect,hope,like,refuse,forget,remember,wish,mean,intend等连用。MaybeIhavehurthim,butIdon'tmeanto(hurthim).Iaskedhimtolockthedoor,butheforgotto(lockthedoor).Heisadoctorbuthedoesn'twanttobe(adoctor).—Hashealreadyfoundajob?—Yes,heislikelytohave(alreadyfoundajob).15so可以代替单词、词组或句子，作call,expect,think,believe,suppose,guess,hope,do,fear,imagine,hear,say,tell,beafraid,notice等宾语，not用以代替否定的句子，用法与so相像，并可放在perhaps、probably、absolutely等副词后面。HeismybestfriendandIdohopehecanremainso(mybestfriend).TheherosacrificedhisownlifetosaveagirlandsoI'veheard.(Theherosacrificedhisownlifetosaveagirl.)HesayssheisagoodmotherbutIthinknot.Suchabadmanshoulddothisgoodindeed,absolutelynot.16doso、dothat和doit代替“动词+宾语”或“动词+状语”。HesaidhewouldreadEnglishbooks,buthedidn’tdoso(=readEnglishbooks).Hismothertoldhimtogetupearly,buthedidn’tdoso(=getupearly).HewantstomakeavisitandIalsowanttodoit.Shetriestofindagoodjobandfinallyshedoesthat.17one和ones代替可数名词Thiscoatisalittlebig.Canyougivemeabiggerone?Pleasegivemeanother(this,that)one.18介词的省略动名词前in/at的省略Itisnouse/good(in)doingsth.Thereisnouse/point/hurry/good(in)doingsth.bebusy(in)doingsth.employ/engage/occupy/busyoneself(in)doingsth.taketurns(in,at)doingsth.spend/lose/wastetime/money/energy(in)doingsth.beemployed/engaged/occupied(in)doingsth.havedifficulty/trouble/hardtime/business(in)doingsth.19当连接代词what/whose、连接副词how/when以及whether引导的从句或不定式短语时，其前面的of、about、asto等常可省略。Idon'tcare(about)whatsheis.Hehasnoidea(about/asto)howtosolvetheproblem.Themanwasn'taware(of)howhegotlost.20表示一段时间或方式短语中的for、in、by等常常省略，但当介词短语放在句首或是在否定句中时for一般不行省略。Themeetinglasts(for)abouttwohours.Wecan'till-treatchildren(in)thisway.Youcansolvethepuzzle(by)usingthismethod.Ihaven'tseenyouforalongtime.Formanyyearstheyhavebeenmarried.21当表语为size、age、color、height、weight、length、volume、width、shape等时，其前的of可以省略。Thetwopairsofshoesare(of)thesamesize.Theseboxesare(of)thesameweight.22状语从句中的省略主从句主语一样状语从句中谓语动词含有be动词将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。但是由after、before、because等引导的状语从句一般要改成介词短语的形式，用动名词being代替省去的be（因为after、before本身就可作为介词，而because的介词短语为becauseof）。23Becausehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Becauseofbeingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Beforehewasadmitted,heentered.Beforebeingadmitted,heentered.Afterhewascaughtbythepolice,thethiefadmitted.Afterbeingcaughtbythepolice,thethiefadmitted.When(shewas)cooking,shethoughtofhermother.If(themanwas)moreinterestedinhisjob,hewouldbepromotedtoahigherrankinthecompany.While(youare)onthetopofthemountain,youcanhaveawonderfulviewofthewholecity.Although(hewas)beatenbyhisfather,hedidn'tcry.Heisfatterthan(heis)ever.When(theyare)ripe,applesturnredandyellow.24主从句主语一样状语从句谓语动词是纯do的形式（即do、does、did、havedone、hasdone、haddone这几种形式，do不行和其它助动词或情态动词连用）时，可以将状语从句的主语省略，将相应的谓语变为非谓语，即doing或havingdone两种形式（因为状语从句的主语在谓语中没有be动词的状况下，只可能是主动关系，不行能是被动关系），而且引导状语从句的连词一般都可省。状语从句中谓语动词不含有be动词25Whenhewalkedinthepark,hemethisoldfriend.Whenwalkinginthepark,hemethisoldfriend.Walkinginthepark,hemethisoldfriend.IfIhavefinishedmyhomework,Iwillbefreenow.Ifhavingfinishedmyhomework,Iwillbefreenow.Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iwillbefreenow.26主从句主语不一样当主从复合句的主语不一样时，当省略掉连词以后，要保留各自的主语不行省略。把从句的谓语动词变为非谓语动词形式。Becausehewaslateforschool,histeacherpunishedhim.Hebeinglateforschool,histeacherpunishedhim.Whentheboydoesalotofhomework,hismotherisveryhappy.Theboydoingalotofhousework,hismotherisveryha