完形填空的备考策略

高考英语完形填空备考策略庄河市第二高级中学任晓青庄河二高中学情：

1、学苗经过两轮筛选2、大都来自偏远农村

英语基础差，90%都不会音标

3、英语学习没有方法

4、对英语完全不感兴趣针对我校学情我们采取的对策：

1、降低起点，从音标学起，从句法讲起

2、高效课堂，向45分钟要质量，当堂讲的东西当堂弄会，带领学生不欠债3、单词词组好句背诵逐个过关（1）教师亲自检查，逐个过关（2）组长检查，生生监督，教师抽查，连坐惩罚，株连九族4、作业全批全改，统计正答率，实名制记录做对学生名单，培养讲题小老师。5、多限时训练，现做现讲，少留课后自己做

在高考英语备考中，我们更是工作抓在实处抓在基础，不空泛不空谈：1、工作做到骨髓里，坚持不做无用功，有学必有得2、挖掘学生潜力，调动学生学习兴趣，变被动学习为主动学习，知学、乐学3、不讲空洞的大道理而要具体可行的量身制作的实用方案高考完形备考策略

命题原理及特点完形填空命题原理是格式塔心理学。该原理强调整体性和综合性而不是个别和孤立，所以对文章要整体感知和从语义上的整体把握，这样做好完形填空不仅仅要求考生有扎实的英语基础语法和词汇知识，还要求考生具备较高的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即具备良好的把握文章情节发展脉络、逻辑关系线索以及主体思想的能力。二、学生失分的原因分析1、对文意分析不够，凭主观想象选择答案。

Amoreembarrassingsituationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepandthe___30___of

theheadpushesthearmoffthe___31___,andthemovementcarriesthe__32___ofthebodyalong.Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithno___33___ofgettingthere..（2011大纲全国卷）

.A.memoryB.reasonC.questionD.purpose2、审题不仔细，忽略信息提示。Hewaswearingafalsebeardandhadacaveman’saxe(斧子)inonehand,andaspacegunintheother.Itwas,ofcourse,Tony,whoinformedme54thathewasthefirst55toflyintospace....2011年辽宁卷A.policeman

B.spaceman

C.caveman

D.postmanInonehand→acaveman’saxe→cavemanIntheotherhand→aspacegun→flyintospace

3、未能理解上下文之间的逻辑关系，意群归不清。

Isawhesuddenlybecame

44;hehaddiscoveredsomethinghereallyliked：alargetindrum.Iwasquitehappytoo—

45

IthoughtwhatTony’smotherwouldsaywhenshesawit.Nobodywouldgetany46forweeks!IledTonyaway47,sayingthatthedrumwastooexpensive.（2011年辽宁卷）44.A.surprisedB.hopefulC.patientD.excited45.A.after

B.until

C.unless

D.since三、完形填空的有效备考策略1、为学生准备完形填空的智慧背囊。

法器一：常见动词词组通过例句领悟语义,再汇总。

小组分工合作让学生收集例句编例句，整理，共同汇总，再引导学生进行横向纵向比对，最后强化训练：

inbringoncut

takeoffcallinuptakedowngetovertake

法器二：常见同义词近义词集中记忆如：1看：look,watch,observe,notice,stare

2.答：answer,respond,reply

3.拿、放：take,bring,hold,carry,fetch,lift,put,lay,pull,push...4、“找/查”

find，lookfor，findout，discover/explore，hunt，search，seek5、说：Say,speak,whisper,talk,chat,tell,persuade,explain,warn,inform,remind,claim,discuss,debate,declare,mentionadmitdeny,describe,announce,introduce,complain

法器三：常见的一词多义或熟词生义的词汇归纳训练

如：add(v.补充说),address(v.写…地址；演说，演讲）,admit(v.允许进入）,apply(v.应用）,catch（v.领会）,count(v.把…算入；认为…重要）,cover（v.够支付；走…路；读…页书；涉及；报道）,express（adj.高速的，快速的）,fine（v./n.罚款）,fire（v.开除）,follow（v.听从，仿效）,hold（v.容纳；举办；支撑…重量；控制，抑制；担任，任职；持有…观点）,interest(n.利益，利息，股份）,lift（n.搭便车）,operate（v.操作，经营）,practice（n.惯例，习俗）,reach（v.够得着）,settle（v.解决）,stand(v.忍受，容忍）,study（n.书房）,treasure（v.珍爱，珍视）,value（v.重视，珍视）等等

法器四：考查高频的名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词汇总如：高频名词：advantage,anxiety,agreement,attitude,argument,approach,activity.belief,burden,comfort,concern,courageconclusion,confidence,contribution,chance,courage,challenge,difficulty,determination,energy,experience,excitement,fortune,goal,gift,honor,introduction,idea,interest,impression,importance,kindness,knowledge,lesson,problem,poverty,power,program,promise,principle,patience,progress,question,responsibility,relief,regret,routine,reward,satisfaction,sorrow,similarity,standard,strength,talent,thought,trouble,view,wisdom法器五：近几年高考完形填空中的选项词汇分类总结

如：形容词副词高频答案词：

fortunately/luckily/unfortunately；quickly/immediately/instantlyeventually/finally/atlast；difficult/hard；suddenly，immediately,gradually,anxiously,eagerly,successfully,friendly,independent,practical,excellent,wonderful,confident,however,never，even，still,only,also等等常见完形填空几种解题方法：

（1）、语境信息解题法（2）、语法结构解题法（3）、复现解题法（4）、固定搭配解题法（5）、逻辑语气解题法（6）、利用文化背景和生活常识解题法2、注重完形填空的讲题策略，从逻辑思维上引导学生的解题思路，培养学生的篇章理解能力

完形填空的讲题策略：（1）、类比讲解法：顾名思义，类比讲解法就是把完形填空篇章中类似的东西加以比较来讲解完形填空题。

John'sparentsgotthewasherwhenhewasateenager.Hisfamilyneverownedawashingmachine.Sincegasolinewasexpensive,tripstothelaundryseveralmilesawaywerefar

1

theirpowertoafford.Keepingclothesclean

2

mostofyoungJohn'ssparetime.

Afamilyfriendjoinedthearmyandhiswife

3

togowithhim.John'sfamily

4

tostoretheirfurniturewhiletheywereaway.

5

,thefriendsuggestedtheyusetheirBendixandthiswashowthey

6

thewasher.

A．beyond

B．over

C．within

D．below2.A．took

B．cost

C．occupied

D．spentA．prepared

B．managed

C．desired

D．appealed4.A．promised

B．expected

C．decided

D．offeredA．Inturn

B．Inreturn

C．InadditionD．InplaceA．used

B．acquired

C．bought

D．borrowedacquired

Themachinewaseventually

7

toJohn'shouse,and-acrosstheyearswithit,he

8

____

a

lovefortheold,greenBendix.Butfinallythewarended.WhenthefamilytooktheBendixback,Johngrewterribly

9

.Hismother

10

him,saying,"Youmustremember,themachineneverbelongedtous

11

.Thatweevergottouseitatallwasagift.So,insteadofbeingmadatitbeingtaken

12

,let'susethe

13

tobegratefulthatwehaditatall."

Thelessonturnedout

14

.Yearslater,Johnwatchedhiseight-year-olddaughterdieaslowandpainfuldeathofleukemia

（白血病）.7. A．attachedB．burdenedC．conveyedD．loaded8. A．achievedB．reducedC．developedD．produced9. A．confusedB．hopelessC．frightenedD．upset10. A．taught B．explained C．comforted D．encouraged11. A．atthefirst B．inthefirstplaceC．firstofall D．forthefirsttime12. A．out B．away C．up D．down13. A．chance B．treasure C．event D．successdevelopedupsetThelessonturnedout

14

.Yearslater,Johnwatchedhiseight-year-olddaughterdieaslowandpainfuldeathofleukemia

（白血病）.Though

15

,Johncouldn'tbegingettingoverfromthe

16

.ThenthememoryoftheoldBendixcameasagreat

17

.

Hisdaughterwasa

18

.Whenherealizedthatsimplefact,everythingchanged.Hecouldnowbeginrecoveringfromthedeathofhisdaughter.Hestartedtoseeherasamarvelousgiftthathewasfortunateenoughto

19

foratime.Hefelt

20

.Hefoundstrengthandrecovery.Heknewhecouldgetthroughthevalleyofloss.

14. A．reasonable B．necessary C．worthless D．valuable15. A．missing B．forgetting C．struggling D．thinking16. A．illnessB．difficulty C．lossD．lesson17. A．delivery B．relief C．hope D．profitA．giftB．WasherC．deathD．Loser19. A．shareB．spendC．liveD．earn20. A．EagerB．energeticC．grateful D．curiouslosssharegot/acquiredthewasher---developedalove—thefamilytookitback(beingtakenaway)upset-----begrateful-----begratefultohaveiteight-year-olddaughter-----love-------died—couldn’tgetoverfromthelossstruggling—feltgrateful/relief—befortunateenoughtoshareforatime（2）、教会学生“切入点”：

因为完形填空强调的是篇章的整体性，所以如果顺序讲解无法推出篇章情节，我们就可以从某一处有把握的空格进行突破和切入，然后再往前推断往后承接，解出全篇，就像九连环一样，解开其中一环，其他环扣便迎刃而解。让我们以2013年福建卷为例：

A.sharedB.short C.fresh D.treasuredA.passedB.raised C.movedD.sent40.A.home B.duty C.reality D.relief41.A.built B.lived C.remained D.exploredIaminNovaScotiaonapilgrimage(朝圣)withLise,mygranddaughter,seekingrootsforher,retracing(追溯)38memoryforme.Lisewasoneofthemobilechildren,39fromhousetohouseinchildhood.Shelongsforasenseof40,andsowehavecometoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors41for200years.livedhomemovedtreasured（3）、意群划分讲解法：

这种方法适合不能明显给我们分出段落来区分语意的文章，这时，我们要根据语意和标志性词语进行意群划分来讲解，以便以意群主旨来框定解题思路，从而逐个意群击破，最后解开全篇。以下面2011年大纲全国卷为例：

Therearetimeswhenpeoplearesotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.Wecanseethereisalotofsleepingonthebusortrainonthe__21____homefromworkintheevenings.Amanwillbe__22____thenewspaper,andsecondslaterit__23___asifheistryingto___24__it.Orhewillfallasleepontheshoulderofthestranger___25__nexttohim.___26___placewhereunplannedshortsleep__27__isinthelecturehallwhereastudentwillstartsnoring（打鼾）so___28____thattheprofessorhastoaskanotherstudentto___29___thesleeperawake.Amoreembarrassing（尴尬）situationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepandthe___30___oftheheadpushesthearmoffthe___31___,andthemovementcarriesthe__32___ofthebodyalong.Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithno___33___ofgettingthere.Theworsttimetofallasleepiswhen__34___.Policereportsare…SleeponthebusortrainSleepinthelecturehallAmoreembarrassingsituationfallasleepwhendriving（4）、身临其境入定法：

身临其境入定法就是引导学生把自己当做是文章故事的主角，进入情景和文章所设定的境界后，让自己的思维和想法跟着文章思路行进的一种体会性讲解方法，因为完形填空多是叙事性文体，所以这种方法比较适合。

以2011年江苏卷高考为例：这篇完形介绍了一个孩子在放学回家的路上看到了一个很大很诱人的苹果而想得到它所描写的一系列心理活动和行为活动。

Seeingtheapple—wantit---themorelookedatit—thehungrier

felt---stretching

ashighascould—evenastallestlength---unabletotouch--begintojump

upanddown---ashighascould---atthe

top

ofeachjumpstretchingarmstogettheapple---stillitremainedoutofreach.—notgivingup—findsthtostand

on—don’twanttobreakthethingsinschoolbag---lookingaround--tidy,nothingcouldusetostandonit-giveup-walkaway.2011年江苏卷（5）、利用设空关系讲解法：①、并列关系：(2014全国新课标I)Theworldisfullof_____stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printed C.newly-collectedD.half-filled

②、因果关系（2014天津卷）

Lookingatthelarge______apartment,IbecameawareofhowlonelymymothermusthavebeeninBrazilherself.A.ComfortableB.ExpensiveC.EmptyD.Modern

③、对比关系Ontheonehand,parentsgomadover3rooms,clothesthrownonthefloorandtheirchildren’srefusaltohelpwiththe4.On

theotherhand,teenagerslosetheirpatiencecontinuallywhenparentsblamethemfor5thetowelinthebathroom,notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshoppingatthesupermarket.

A.noisy B.crowded C.messy D.lockedA.homework B.houseworkC.problem D.research5.A.washingB.using C.dropping D.replacing（2014广东卷）

④、递进关系

Dalecametounderstandthattheabilitytoexpressanideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson’sconfidence.And,55it,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.（2014江苏卷）

55.A.besides B.beyondC.like D.with⑤、增补关系

Hermotherfinallyallowedhertogo,__43___herkeepingclosetothehouseandnot__44__toofar.（2013辽宁卷）43.A.insistingon B.relyingonC.arguingonD.wonderingabout

44.A.traveling B.runningC.ridingD.walking

⑥、转折关系：

Heshoutedforhelp,48hiswife,Brenda,wasasleepintheirbedroomattheoppositeendofthehouse.（2012