【原创】高三虚拟语气公开课

2023/2/2虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood(I)虚拟语气在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状语从句、也可用于名词性从句和固定句型等.本节课我们主要学习if条件从句表示现在，将来和过去情况的虚拟语气的用法。【观察体会】请看下图及对话，体会表示现在的虚拟语气的用法。A:Whydon’tourgrandchildrenvisitusmoreoften?B:Theydon’thaveenoughtime.Iftheyhadmoretime,theywouldvisitusmoreoften.2023/2/2A:IwonderwhyFredworkssohard.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustlikehisjob.A:Ifhedidn’tlikehisjob,hewouldn’t

worksohard.【观察体会】请看下图及对话，体会表示过去的虚拟语气的用法。A:Whydidn’tPetertakehisumbrellatoworktoday?B:Hedidn’tknowitwasgoingtorain.Ifhehadknownitwasgoingtorain,hewouldhavetakenhisumbrellatowork.一、虚拟语气用于if条件状语从句中虚拟语气e.g.IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.1）与现在事实相反

if条件从句

主句

if+主

+

一般过去时（be多用于were）

主would/should/could/might＋动词原形What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

won

thelottery,I

would

buyavilla.IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.IfI

got

somuchmoney,Iwould

goshopping.a.Ifthey_____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenc.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask

2）与过去事实相反

if条件从句

主句

if+主

+

haddone(过去完成时）

主would/should/could/might＋havedone

Ifhe_________(see)youyesterday,he____________________(return)yourbook.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。hadseen

wouldhavereturnedIfhe__________(drive)morecarefully,he_________________(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI__________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtc.IfI________(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneIfyousucceeded,everythingwould

beallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

与将来事实相反

如果他成功了，一切就会好起来。

3）与将来事实相反

if条件从句

主句

If+主+

一般过去时（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodo

主would/should/could/might＋动词原形

Ifhe____________,what_______wesaytohim.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifhe___________me,he_____________me.

假如他看见我,就会认识我。

shouldwereto

comeshouldseewould

knowa.Ifthere_________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupc.IfRobots______________(control)theworldsomeday,here_________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe主从句的谓语形式含义If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+

V.(原)werehadwerewereshouldSummary与过去事实相反与将来事实相反

Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldn’thavemissedthebus.__________________,youwouldn’thavemissedthebus.如果条件句中有were,had,should

等这些词,可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。注意二.虚拟语气的倒装Hadyoucomeearlier

二.虚拟语气的倒装Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifitshould/weretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.

三、主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。（错综时间条件句）e.g.Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.

例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。Ifhe_________(notmiss)

thetrain,

he_____________(arrive)herethen.比较Ifhe_________(notmiss)

thetrain

yesterday,he_________(arrive)herenow.wouldhavearrivedhadn’tmissedwouldarrivehadn’tmissed

巩固thenIfthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.如果这两位微笑着的飞行员现在不转过头的话，可怕的事情将会发生。Ifthetwosmilingpilotsdidn’tturnaroundnow,aterriblethingwouldhappen.Iftheyhadn’tdonesuchastupidthing,theywouldn’tgethurtnow.

如果他们不干这种傻事的话，现在也不会受伤了。IfIhadstudiedEnglishwellatschool,Iwouldgetthejobnow.如果我在学校学好英语的话，我现在就可以得到这份工作了。根据语境或括号内的提示，用虚拟语气完成下列对话。1.A:Whydoesn’tSallygetgoodgrades?B:Shedoesn’tstudyenough.If___________________________________________2.A:Whydon’tIfeelenergetic?B:Youdon’tsleepenough.If_____________________________________