【公开课课件】名词性从句

ReviewNounClauses

GrammarFunctionasaNOUNinasentence.Question:Whatisthecomponentofanouninasentence?名词在句中可以充当什么成分?NounClauses

主语从句SubjectClause

名词性从句

NounClause

宾语从句ObjectClause

表语从句PredicativeClause

同位语从句AppositiveClause引导名词性从句的连接词

可分为四类：连接词that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分。2.

连接代词：what,who(m),whose,which

不仅起到连接从句的作用,同时还充当从句的成分。3.

连接副词：when,where,how,why

4.

“疑问词+-ever”引导的名词性从句“是否”Task1区别辨析whether与if下列情况下只用whether：

1.与“ornot”搭配

Whetheryoulikeitornotisnoneofmybusiness.

4.引导主语从句并在句首Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.5.引导表语从句和同位语从句

Thequestioniswhetherhe’llcome.

Ihavenoideawhetherheisthere.2.在介词后

I’mnotsureaboutwhetherwe’llwin.3.与不定式todo连用

Hecan’tdecidewhethertoacceptorrefuse.6.whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.whether>=ifthat和what的区别而what引导名词性从句时,有词义,意为是“…的东西/事情/话等”。在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个不(threenos)：1.不省略（noellipsis）2.不作成分（nocomponent）that在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。3.没词义（nomeaning）that在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。what,which和whose的区别三者都可以放在被修饰的名词前，作定语，what意为“什么+n...”；which意为“哪一个+n…”,而whose

意为(所属关系）…人/物的+n。“疑问词+-ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；而“nomatter+疑问词”只能用来引导让步状语从句。疑问词+-ever与nomatter+疑问词的区别Thebookcanbeofgreathelptowhoeverwantstodothejob.Whateveryousay,Iwillnotbelieveyou.=

nomatterwho?=

Nomatterwhat?名词性从句让步状语从句名词性从句需要注意的问题Discussion(inpairs)Task2

1.Whenthemeetingwillbegin

notbeendecidedyet.

2.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo

notbeendecidedyet.

3.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin

notbeendecidedyet.

主语从句SubjectClause1.主谓一致问题(Subject-verbagreement)主语从句需要注意的问题hashavehas主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导同一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Itisafact(ashame,apity,goodnews,commonknowledge…)that…Itisnecessary(important,obvious,likely…)that…Itisbelieved(knowntoall,said,reported,…)that…Itseemed(happened,appears,occurredtome,doesn’tmatter,hasturnedout)that…

2.it形式主语&句型(sentencepatterns)名词短语It+be+形容词+主语从句过去分词It+不及物动词+主语从句Mysuggestionisthatweall___________(take)anactivepartinthecomingsportsmeet.2.Hisproposalwasthatthework________________(finish)infivehours.

表语从句PredicativeClause表语从句需要注意的问题(should)take(should)befinished1.如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示“建议”或者是“命令”之类的词如advice,suggestion,command,request,require,proposal,order,desire,demand,insist,等,那么从句中的动词通常用(should)+动词原形。2.表语从句还可以由asif/though引导Therearemanyblackcloudsinthesky.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.3.句型It/This/Thatisbecause/why…Sb/sthisnolongerwhatitwas/usedtobe.1.宾语从句通常放在1.作动词的宾语

Shedidn’tknowwhathadhappened.

宾语从句ObjectClause宾语从句需要注意的问题Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,certain,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content

等。2.作介词的宾语

谓语动词（及物动词）形容词或介词之后。it作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

I’dappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.

Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillgetmarriednextmonth.

2.it作为形式宾语下列动词后常引导宾语从句make,think,consider,feel,find,see,regard,take等。3.that引导宾语从句时可以省略，除下列两种情况

(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略HemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.（that不可以省略）

(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。Hetoldme(that)

hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.（第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不可以省略。)同位语从句一般跟在fact,news,word,idea,hope,wish,promise,truth,reason,suggestion,thought,question,doubt,conclusion,belief,order,possibility等这些抽象名词的后面,说明前面名词的具体内容。

同位语从句AppositiveClause同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别Task3从句作用上的区别：同位语从句和定语从句分别在句中起什么作用？定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系。

(1)The

news

that

he

told

me

just

now

is

true．定语从句(2)The

news

that

I

have

passed

the

exam

is

true.

同位语从句modifyexplain

同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether等词引导，充当成分。而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当成分。

The

idea

that

computers

can

recognize

human

voices

surprises

many

people.The

idea

that

he

gave

surprises

many

people.（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）（that在从句中作gave的宾语。）2.引导词成分上的区别：引导词that做何成分？

同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句则不可以。(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.

(2)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.

Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.3.检验技巧*不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：——as,且when,where,why等不能与介词+which互换。——what,whether,if,how4.引导词的不同*不会出现在名词性从句中的关系词：5、名词性从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.--Hehasdone________hecantohelpme.

allthat

2.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.--_____

breaksthelawistobepunished.3.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.--Theywilldo___________hewantsthemtodo.Anyonewhoanythingthat4.Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.-isknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.-isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.WhatAs名词性从句典型错误例析Task4找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：

1.

Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?

2.Idon'tknowwherehashegone.

3.

Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.

Canyoutellmehowmanystudents

thereare

inyourclass?Idon'tknowwhere

hehas

gone.Theowneroftheshopcametosee

whatwasthematter.规律一：名词性从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.

5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.

Wesuggestedthatwe

(should)goto

thecinema.Myideaisthatwe

(should)do

ourhomeworkfirst.Hisproposalthatwe

(should)go

thereonfootisacceptable.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.

Whether

wewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itdependson

whether

theweatheris....Thequestionis

whether

hehimselfwillbepresent....Heaskedme

whether

Icouldgowithhimornot.

规律三：5种情况只能用whether：1.位于句子开头；2.在介词后；3.与不定式连用4.引导主、表、同位语从句；5.与ornot或or连用找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.4.Thatdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouwillcomeornot.itItIt规律四：主语从句和宾语从句可以借助“it”而后置。ExercisePracticemakesperfectTask5解题技巧口诀：缺什么，补什么；什么都不缺，填that；缺“是否”，考虑whether或if1.Trytobethefirsttogetthechancetoanswerthequestions.2.Ifananswerisgivencorrectly,thegroupwillget10points;ifananswerisgivenwrongly,thegroupwillget0point.Rules:Groupcompetition解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在，也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是…的东西。有同学会误选A，错误地用中文语言习惯去做英文题。1.Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor

Iaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how2.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was

itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether解析：从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。3.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who4.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof

hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how翻译：作为一名新任外交官，他常常想着怎样才能对这样的场合做出更加适当的反应。解析：“谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为“无论谁”,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。若选A或B,anyone或theperson后应加who,使其成为由who引导的定语从句。5.-Therescueteamareconsidering

theycandomoreforthepeoplesufferingfromthesnowstorm.Sotheyare.A.whatB.whateverC.ifD.how解析:从句中do已有宾语more,所以不能用what或whatever;if在此不符合语境;how表方式。解析:由thelasttime可知是表示时间，故用when引导表语从句6.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why8.Myadviceisthathe____regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept7.-Shallwehaveapicnictomorrow?-Itdependsontheweather

wewillgo.A.if B.whether C.thatD.when10.Whatweusedtothink

impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.is B.was C.are D.were解析由句意“我们以前认为不可能的事现在看起来的确是可能的”和谓语动词usedtothink可知空格处的谓语部分应该表达过去意义，且应用单数形式。9.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and

allthelightswereoff，theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.why B.thatC.when D.where解析：“确保门关上了,且所有的灯都关上了之后,那个男孩打开门进了他的卧室”。checked后跟了两个宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that省略了。12.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand

itisroughorsmooth.A./ B.whether C.howD.what11.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger

itwas20yearsago,

itwassopoorlyequipped.what;when B.that;whichC.what;which D.which;that解析:第一个从句是表语从句并在从句中作表语，所以用what；后面是一个when引导的定语从句，其先行词是20yearsago。13.Doyouhaveanyidea

isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?

A.that B.what C.as D.which14.Marywroteanarticleon

theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.why B.what C.who D.that解析

:why在此引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作原因状语。句意为：玛丽写了一篇关于该队为什么没有赢得比赛的文章。解析:所填词引导的从句是对前面名词idea内容的解释，所以应是同位语从句。同位语从句中缺主语，根据题意，答案应为what。16.Afterafive-hourdrive,theyreached____theythoughtwastherightplace____theyhadbeendreamingof.A.where;which B.that;thatC.which;where D.what;that15.Isit,inyouropinion,possible____newmeasureswillbetakentoimprovetheterribletraffic?A.WhetherB.what C.when D.that17.

acertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject.IthasB.TheyhaveC.ItremainsD.Thereremains18.Wethinkthatit’slove,generosityandperseverance

maketheworld

itistoday.A．what;that B．that;whatC．which;what D．which;that19.-Doyoudoubt

shehaspassedtheexamination?-Iamnotdoubtfulatall

shehaspassedalltheexaminations.that;whetherB.that;thatC.whether;thatD.whether;whether解析：doubt用在否定句和疑问句中,后面常接that引导的从句,用在肯定句中用whether/if引导从句。20.(1)

Itisuncertain

sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.(2)Returnthebookto

nameisonit.(3)Therearethreebooksonthedesk.Idon’tknow

onehewillchoose.A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.thatCAB名词性从句在写作中的应用1.在短文填词中的应用2.在书面表达中的应用Task6Nowadaysalotofschoolskeeptheirstudentsinschoolalldaylong.Studentshavedifferentopinionsaboutit.…Personally,thereisnodthatweshouldkeepstudentsatschool.ButIthink

ofnecessitythatschoolsshouldorganizevariousactivitiessothatstudentscanenjoytheirschoollife.oubtit1.Thecollegeentranceexamisonthewayandalltheteachersworkveryhard,encouragingustobuildupourconfidenceandinspiringustoimproveourstudies.…Athome,ourparentstakegoodcareofussothatwecanalwaysbefullofenergy.I’mverygratefulfor

myparentsandteachershavedone.what2.LastweekIwenttovisitmyformerneighbor,Mr.Yang.HeandIusedtolivenexttoeachotherformanyyears.Abouthalfayearago,anordercame

theoldbuildings,alongwithmanyothersimilarones,wasgoingtobepulleddowntomakeroomforamainstreet.Sowehadtomoveapart.that3.Thegenerationgaphasbecomeaseriousproblem.Ireadareportaboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenkilledthemselvesafterquarrelswithparents.Ithinkthisis

theydon’toftenhaveatalkwitheachother.Parentsareoftenbusywiththeirwork,sotheyhavelittletimetostaywiththeirchildren.because4.Recently,Ihavefoundsomeclassmatesstudydeepintothenightanddon’tspare(腾出)anytimetotakearestduringthedayeither(也).…Inmyopinion,it’simportantforusto