人教版英语必修五第一单元知识点

人教版英语必修五第一单元知识点

discover(v.)e.g.Columbus

discoveredAmericain1492.

Who

discoveredradium?comp.invent(v.)发明（原先不存在的东西）

e.g.Who

invented

thesteamengine?find(v.)发现，发觉，找到

e.g.He

found

agoodwaytosolvetheproblem.

Thescientist

found

itnecessarytogetamap.Ex.Thescientists____________newcoalminesinShanxiprovince.“发现”（被探索或被揭示的事物早已客观存在）discovered第二页，共35页。2020/11/302

thewayofdoingsth.=thewaytodosth.e.g.她教我们清洗它的方法。

Sheshowedus

thewayofcleaning

it.

Sheshowedus

thewaytoclean

it.

“theway”引导定语从句的引导词有三种：that,inwhich,或者省略。

e.g.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式。Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich)

youspeaktoyourfather.Phrases:

顺便说说

（俚语）没门，别想

迷路

在去……的路上

摸着走，谨慎从事

用这种方法做······的方法bythewaynowayloseone’swayonone’swayto…feelone’sway(to…)inthisway/bythismeans/withthismethod第三页，共35页。2020/11/303Ex.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.A.theway

B.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichA第四页，共35页。2020/11/304

putforward提出（建议等）e.g.他提出一个新的计划。

He

putforward

anewplan.推荐某人或自己任职位；提名e.g.我能否提名你当我们的班长？

MayIput

yourname

forward

asourmonitor?Phrases:putaway

putdownputupputoffputout

puton

putupwith…放好；抛弃放下；写下来穿上；上演延期；推迟熄灭（灯）；扑灭（火）挂起；搭起；建造忍受第五页，共35页。2020/11/305Ex.Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease_________thebookswhenyou’vefinishedwiththem.putaway第六页，共35页。2020/11/306expertnoun专家；行家；能手

anexpertinchildpsychology儿童心理学家anexpertonmodrenliterature现在文学研究专家Heisanexpertatgettinghisownway.他在如何达到自己的目的方面很在行adj熟练的，内行的或经验丰富的Sheisexpertatmakingcheap,butstylishclothes.她做便宜而时髦的衣服很在行Theyareallexpertinthisfield.他们都是这个领域的专家。第七页，共35页。2020/11/307attendtobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture…)出席，参加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.togoregularlytoaplacee.g.Ourchildrenattendthesameschool.Howmanypeopleattendthechurcheveryday？tolookafter,carefor,serve照顾；看护e.g.Whichdoctorisattending(on)you?

attend第八页，共35页。2020/11/308attendto照顾，招待，处理Anurseattendstohisneeds.有个护士照顾他.Areyoubeingattendedto?有人接待您吗Couldyouattendto(iedealwith)thismatterimmediately?你能不能立刻处理这件事?第九页，共35页。2020/11/309exposetomakevisible

（与to连用）暴露

e.g.Don’t

expose

yourselftothesunfortoolong.You’llgetsunburned.Asasoldierinthewar,shewasexposedtomanydangers.torevealtheguiltorwrongdoingof揭露e.g.Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋。

Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。第十页，共35页。2020/11/3010beexposedto暴露于，面临，遭受e.g.IfyouareexposedtoEnglishreadingandlisteningeveryday,youaresuretomakemuchprogressinit.e.g.Exposedtothedialectoftheminiorityofthelocalplace,hegraduallylearntospeaksomeofit.第十一页，共35页。2020/11/3011

deadly

adj.(1)dangerous;likelytocausedeath危险的；致命的一般

e.g.a

deadly

disease/weapon(2)highlyeffectiveagainststh.orsb.强有力的；致命的

e.g.a

deadly

remark击中要害的评论

(3)aimingtokillordestroy意在杀死的；不共戴天的

e.g.a

deadly

enemy不共戴天的敌人

adv.(1)very极度；非常；十分

e.g.

deadly

serious十分认真

(2)likedeath死一般地

e.g.

deadly

pale死一般苍白

die

(v.)

dead

(adj.)

death

(n.)第十二页，共35页。2020/11/3012curev./n.治愈,治疗

Thiskindofmedicinecan’tcurehimofhisheadache.Hewenttothecityforacureinafamoushospital.这种药治不了他的头痛。他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。v.

n.

科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。

Scientistsaresearchingforamethodtocurebirdflu.第十三页，共35页。2020/11/3013

是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”e.g.

EverytimeImeethim,Iwillthinkofthethingsthathappenedbetweenus.每次见到他，我就会想起发生在我们之间的事情。

Everytime/EachtimeIseehim,heisalwaysbusywriting.

ThefirsttimeIwentabroadIcouldhardlyunderstandwhattheforeignerssaid.

BythetimeIgothomefromwork,mymumhadalreadygotsupperready.everytime(eachtime,nexttime,lasttime，thefirsttime,thelasttime,bythetime)第十四页，共35页。2020/11/3014immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等，都可以作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一······就······”

e.g.IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.

Icame

directlyIgotyourletter.

IrecogniedherthemomentIsawher.第十五页，共35页。2020/11/3015challengefacethechallenge面对挑战challengesbtosth/challengesbtodo向某人挑战WhenIsaidIwasfaster,shechallengedmetoarace.当我说我比她跑的快时，她向我挑战（要比个高低）Hechallengedmetoplaychess.他向我挑战下象棋。第十六页，共35页。2020/11/3016

control

v.

tohavepowerover,rule,direct统治，控制

e.g.Thegovernmenttriesitsbestto

control

prices.

Hecannot

control

hisanger.n.

控制，统治，掌握

(1)

losecontrolof/be(go)outofcontrol失去控制e.g.Thedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.

Thecarwasoutofcontrolandranintoawall.

(2)

incontrolof

控制······

e.g.Mr.Brownisincontrolofthemoney.

(3)

underthecontrolof

被······控制

e.g.ThemoneyisunderthecontrolofMr.Brown.第十七页，共35页。2020/11/3017suggest(v.)

tointimateorimply暗示；间接表明e.g.Itsuggests

thatyoudidnotcatchthe8o’clocktrainbutthe8:25train.

事实表明你没有乘坐八点的火车而是八点二十五的火车。

toofferforconsiderationoraction建议（接that从句时常用虚拟语气）e.g.Isuggested

thatthey

(should)travelbytrain.

suggestdoingsth.advisedoingsth./advisesb.todosth.第十八页，共35页。2020/11/3018absorb(v.)totakeorsuckin吸收e.g.Asponge

absorbs

water.

海绵吸水。

Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.

这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。

totakein(knowledge,ideas…)专心于，吸取e.g.Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.

小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。

IwassointerestedinthesenewideasthatIabsorbedthemwithoutthinking.

我对这些新观念非常感兴趣，甚至于不求甚解地吸收了。第十九页，共35页。2020/11/3019suspect怀疑Shewasfounddeadinherdepartment,andthepolicesuspectmurder.Theysaidtheproblemwasintheengine,whichwasjustwhatIhadsuspected.

suspectsbof...怀疑某人有罪，认为某人有...嫌疑e.g.Theysuspecthimofmurder/ofgivingfalseevidence.Shewassuspectedofbeingaspy.第二十页，共35页。2020/11/3020

severe(adj.)soserious;sobad严厉的；严格的e.g.Ithinkyouaretoosevereontheboy.Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.

他的严厉表情使我恐慌。

veryharmfulorpainful;seriousoruncomfortable（疼痛）剧烈的

e.g.SARS---severeacuterespiratorysyndrome

严重的、急性的呼吸道综合病

Hehasaseverepaininhisleg.

beseverewith=bestrictwith

对······要求严格

e.g.Heisseverewithhimself.

severely

(adv.)严格地第二十一页，共35页。2020/11/3021

(vt.)责怪；把······归咎于

blamesb.forsth./doingsth.

blamesth.onsb.

e.g.Shewasblamedforthemistake.

betoblame（固定搭配）······应受到谴责；该怨······e.g.Thechildrenwerenottoblame.Iamtoblame.

(n.)过失；责备；埋怨

put/laytheblameon怪在······身上

taketheblame承担责任e.g.Everyoneput/laidtheblameforthatonme.Thecardrivertooktheblamefortheaccident.blame第二十二页，共35页。2020/11/3022

lookintoexamine;investigate调查，了解，研究

e.g.Thepolicearelookingintoalltherecordsoftheman.

警察正在查阅那个人的所有档案。

I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittlepatience.

我将尽快调查这件事情，耐心点。lookattheinsideof朝······里面看（与one’sface/eyes

等连用，表示“注视”）

e.g.Helooksintoherfacewithgreatinterest.

他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。第二十三页，共35页。2020/11/3023handletodealwithorcontrolasituation,aperson,anareaofworkorastrongemotion处理、控制、管理（局势、人、工作或感情）e.g.Amanwasapppointedtohandlethecrisis.新指派一个人来处理这场危机Wecanhandleupto500callsanhouratournewoffices.我们的新办公室每小时可以处理500个电话。tocontrolavehicle,ananimal,atool,etce.g.Iwasn'tsurewhetherIcanhandlesuchapowerfulcar.Sheisadifficulthorsetohandle.第二十四页，共35页。2020/11/3024link…to…把······与······连接；联系e.g.Fingerprintslinked

thesuspecttothecrime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。Thevideocamerasarelinkedtoapowerfulcomputer.Thepaywillbelinkedtotheinflationrate.将工资的增长与通货膨胀率的上升挂钩。link(v.):tobejoined（常与together,to,with连用）连接e.g.Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.

第二十五页，共35页。2020/11/3025Shehaditdeliveredtoherhomeeveryday.她每天派人把水送到家里来。句中haditdelivered是“have+宾语+宾补”结构，意为“让别人做...使某物遭受...使某事被...",其中宾补由过去分词充当e.g.Whenwillyouhaveyourhomeworkhandedin?Hehadhislegbrokenwhileplayingbasketball.Ihadthedoorpaintedthismorning.在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构还可以这样构成：havesbdo(makesbdo/letsbdo/getsbtodo)让某人做某事;havesbdoing让某人一直做；容忍，允许第二十六页，共35页。2020/11/3026announce(v.)tomakeknownpublicly发表、告知、宣布e.g.Thegovernmentannounceditsneweconomicpolicies.

政府发布了新的经济政策。

ThenewswasannouncedtothepubliconTV.

这则消息经由电视向大众宣布了。tostateinaloudvoice(thenameofapersonorthingonarrival,asofpeopleatapartyoraircraftatanairport)宣布（客人、飞机等的到达）e.g.HisservantannouncedMrandMrsWhite.tomakeclearlyknown（事情）显示······；预告e.g.Warmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.第二十七页，共35页。2020/11/3027instruct(v.)toprovidewithknowledge,especiallyinamethodicalway教；教授e.g.Heinstructsaclassinhistory.他教授一个班的历史。togiveordersto;direct（常与to不定式连用）命令e.g.I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.我得到指示在这儿等到讲课老师来到。Shearrivedat10asinstructed.

instruction(n.)指示；指导；指令

followsb'sinstructions听从某人的指示第二十八页，共35页。2020/11/3028conclude(v.)tobringtoanend;close使结束；完毕e.g.toconcludeaspeechToconclude,Iwishyouallgoodhealthandalonglife.

最后，祝大家健康长寿。推论；推断出；断定e.g.Thedoctorconcludedthatthepatient’sdiseasewascancer.

医生断定病人患的是癌症。

conclusion(n.)结论；结束

drawaconclusion

得出结论

第二十九页，共35页。2020/11/3029contribute(v.)捐助；贡献e.g.AlthoughhehasplentyofmoneyAllandidn’tcontributetoJane’spresentwhenshelefttheoffice.

艾伦虽然很有钱，但并没有在珍离职时凑钱买礼物给她。有助于；促进；造成e.g.Plentyoffreshaircontributestogoodhealth.

多呼吸新鲜空气，有助于身体健康。

Toomuchalcoholicdrinkwillcontributetoyourruin.喝酒过度会毁了你。第三十页，共35页。2020/11/3030apartfrom具有多重意义：既可以表示besides，也可以表示except或exceptfor，还可以表示without。e.g.Apartfromthecost,itwilltakealotoftime.(=besides)

Theorphan（孤儿）hadnoonetotakecareofhimapartfromhisuncle.(=except)

Hehasdonegoodwork,apartfromafewslightfaults.(=exceptfor)

Therecanbenoknowledgeapartfrompractice.(=without)实践出真知。第三