【学案与测评】高中英语 语法篇专题10 定语从句课件 人教

专题十定语从句用一个句子作定语，此句子叫作定语从句。定语从句位于被它修饰的名词或代词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who,which,that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。八大关系词用法表who,whose,whom,that先行词是人时：从句中缺少主语用who；从句中缺少宾语用whom；从句中的主语缺少定语用whose；that可替换who和whom，作从句的主语或宾语。Thegirlwho/thatbecameanursetwoyearsagoismycousin.(who/that作定语从句的主语)Hawkingisthedisabledscientistwhom/thatwesawinBeijinglastyear.(whom/that作定语从句中saw的宾语)Theboywhosemotherisafamoussingerisalittleactorof7.（whose作定语从句的主语mother的定语。）whichthat

先行词是物时：从句中缺少主语或宾语用which；从句中主语缺少定语用whose；that可替换which，作从句的主语或宾语。Theresearchwhich/thatwascarriedonforyearswasstopped.(which/that作定语从句的主语)Thetopicwhich/thatyouweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography.(which/that作定语从句的宾语)Thetwocountrieswhoseboundaryisariverhavebeenkeepingagoodrelationshipforfiftyyears.(whose作定语从句的主语的定语)

where先行词是地点时：从句中缺少主语或宾语用which/that;不缺少主语或宾语用where,where在从句中充当地点状语。ThecompanywhereIamworkingisatransnationalcompany.(where在定语从句中作地点状语)when先行词是时间时：从句中缺少主语或宾语用which/that;不缺少主语或宾语用when,when在从句中充当时间状语。Theyearswhich/thatIspentinthecountrysideareunforgettable.(which/that作定从spent的宾语)Themonthswhenwespenttheholidaysbytheseawerepleasant.(when在定语从句中作时间状语)why先行词是原因时：从句中缺少主语或宾语用which/that;不缺少主语或宾语用why,why充当原因状语。表原因的先行词有reason,excuse,explanation等。Idon’tbelievethereasonwhich/thatwasobviouslyanexcuse.(which/that作定语从句的主语)Thisistheexcusewhich/thatshechangedhermindfor.(which/that作定语从句介词for的宾语)Theremustbesomereasonwhyhemadesuchanabnormaldecision.(定语从句不缺少主语和宾语)【考点一】考查关系词的省略whom/which/that作定语从句的宾语时，可以省略。Theperson（whom/that）theyarelookingforisMrWilde.Thetopic（which/that）youweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography.【考点二】考查非限制性定语从句1.引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which（不用that）。除which外，还可用when，where，who（m）等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。Lisaisanamateuractress,whoactedanimportantpartinafilm.Thisisakeyseniorhighschool,whereIspentthreeyears.FinallyIdecidedtostayinChongqing，whereIfinishedmycollegestudy．2.引导词which可以指前面整个句子的含义。Lilystayeduplateintothenight,whichmadehermotheranxious.3.在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限定性定语从句的连词不能省。Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother，whomhelovedashisownmother．4.置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时as和which都可以。但是当非限定性定语从句是否定意义时，只能用which引导。Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.=Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.【即学即练】单项填空①Sheheardtheterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth．A.itB.whichC.thisD.that解析：选B。which指代前面的先行词noise，引导非限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。②Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay，________，ofcourse，madetheothersunhappy．A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what解析：选B。which指代前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句。③_______isknowntoall，Chinawillbeanandpowerfulcountryin20or30yearstime.That；advancingB.This；advancedC.As；advancedD.It；advancing解析：选C。置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导。advanced先进的；advancing年事渐高的。④Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，______wasmorethanwecouldexpect．A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if解析：选B。句中morethan的本意为“超过”，“超过了我们的预料”。which指代前面的整个句子。【考点三】关系代词that或which指物时，宜用that而不用which的情况1.先行词为all,much,little,none,few,one,something,anything等不定代词时。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou,Mum?(that作宾语时可省略)Ishalldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.(thatIcan是定语从句,修饰all；tohelpyou是动词不定式作目的状语)2.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰或被only,any,few,much,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时。Muchmoneythathadbeendonatedwassenttothedisasterarea.Thisisthemostinterestingbook(that)Ihaveeverread.Youaretheverykindofperson(that)wehavebeenlookingfor.3.先行词是人和物共用时只能用that。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Theoldmanandhisdogthatlivenearherearestrollinginthepark.4.当主句中含有疑问词which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?5.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.6.当主句是therebe句型时，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了which,另一个定语从句的关系代词用that。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.【考点四】考查关系代词宜用which而不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中。Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.2.在关系词前有介词时。ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.3.当先行词本身是that时。Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.4.当关系词离从句较远时。HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.【考点五】考查关系代词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词1.当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who指代人。There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.先行词为anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等词时，关系词用who。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.3.当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复。Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.【考点六】考查介词提前1.whom/which作介词的宾语时，介词可提到whom/which之前，此时whom/which不能省略，也不能用that替换。TheladytowhomyouspokelastWednesdayisPaul’swife.IhaveatelescopewithwhichIcanobservethestarsinspace.2.如如果果被提提前的的是一一个介介词短短语，，应把把整个个介词词短语语提前前，不不能拆拆开。。如果果被提提前的的是一一个动动词短短语，，介词词不能能提前前。Iboughtamapaccordingtowhichwecanfindthedestination.Themantheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.=Themanwhom/thattheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.LeiFeng，，fromwhomwehaveoncelearnedalot，isnowanexampletothesoldiersofWestPointMilitarySchool（西西点军军校））ofAmerica.关关系代代词前前的介介词from，，与从从句的的谓语语动词词learn构构成习习惯表表达learnfrom（（向………学学习））【即学学即练练】单项填填空⑤IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：：30pm________，manypeoplehavegonehome．．解析:选D。bywhichtime即by““after5：：30”““到五五点三三十分分以后后”。。介词词的选选择取取决于于这个个介词词与先先行词词或从从句之之间的的关系系。【考点七】】关系副词词与关系代代词的转换换1.where=in/at+whichTheBermudaTriangle(which/that)manyshipsdisappearedinisamysteriousplace.=TheBermudaTriangleinwhich/wheremanyshipsdisappearedisamysteriousplace.2.when=in/on/at/during+whichThetime(which/that)thefootballmatchbeginsatiseighto’clock.=Thetimeatwhich/whenthefootballmatchbeginsiseighto’’clock.3.whose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whomofwhich/whom前还可以以加形容词词最高级、、数词、不不定代词等等。Tibet,whosesceneryisratherunique,isasummerresort.=Tibet,ofwhichthescenery/thesceneryofwhichisratherunique,isasummerresort.Thetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70/theeldestofwhomis70,arefromSingapore.Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.4.why=forwhichThereason(which/that)he’sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhe’sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.【即学即练练】单项填空⑥AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild．A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析：选B。因为表表地点的先先行词thesmalltown在从句中中作状语；；当表地点点的先行词词在从句中中作主、宾宾、表语时时，则要用用that或which引导导定语从句句。⑦IshallneverforgettheyearsIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers，，hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that；whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who解析：选B。when在定语语从句中作作时间状语语；which引导导非限制性性定语从句句。【考点八】】分裂式定定语从句定语从句被被一个词、、短语等与与先行词隔隔开时，叫叫分裂式定定语从句。。为避免头头重脚轻，，可把修饰饰主语的定定语从句置置于谓语之之后。Iboughtahousewithagardeninfront,whereIcangrowflowers.(定语语从句被介介词短语infront与与先行词隔隔开)DoyourememberthesnowynighttenyearsagowhenIgothere?(定语语从句被词词组tenyearsago与先先行词隔开开)【考点九】】than/but/as作作关系代词词的用法1.先行行词有比较较级修饰时时用than；先行行词有否定定词修饰时时用but，表示双双重否定，，此时的but=who/which/that...not...Mymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定语Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定语从句主语)Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesn’twanttogotouniversity.(but作作定语从句主主语)2.先行词词有下列词修修饰时只能用用as,如如：as...as；so...as；such...as；thesame+名词+as。Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作作want的的宾语)SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定语语从句的主语语)ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接接宾语)ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接宾语语）请注意“thesame+名名词+as”与“thesame+名名词+that””的区别。定语从句是高高中阶段的重重点语法项目目之一。因【难点一】定语从句与并列句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof______isadancer．③MrLihasthreedaughters；______aredoctors．解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看:①小题是定语从句，故填whom；②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词them；③小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。

【难点二】定语从句与地点状语从句用一个恰当的的词完成下列列句子，使①Ricedoesn’tgrowwell______thereisnotenoughwater．②Istillrememberthefarm______myparentsworkedtenyearsago．解析：定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。因此，从结构上看:①小题无表示地点的先行词，故为表示地点的状语从句，填where；②小题中thefarm是先行词，是定语从句，故填where，此处的where可用onwhich替换。

【难点三】定语从句与强调句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_______ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_______MrWangworks．解析：定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“Itis／was＋被强调部分＋that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定定不能因为被被强调部分是是表时间或地地点的词就用用when或或where代替that。从从结构上看，，①小题是强强调句，故填填that。此种情况况检测的标准准是：先把强强调句中的Itis／【难点四】定语从句与结果状语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①Ihavethesamecomputer_______youhave．②Sheissuchakindandfunnygirl______allofusliketomakefriendswithher．解析：定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于（这里只讨论thesame...as／that和such...as/that两种情况）：在这两种情况下，如果as／that既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则as／that引导的是定语从句。在thesame．．．as／that结构中，用as指一样的，但不是同同一个事物；；用that指同一物品品，故①小题题填as；如如果as／that在从从句中不作任任何成分，只只起连接作用用，则as／／that引引导的是结果果状语从句，，故②小题填填that。。【难点五】定定语从句与单单句用一个恰当的的词完成下列列句子，使之之完整、正确确①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork，______didn’thelp．②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork．______didn’thelp．解析：含有定定语从句的复复合句与两个个单句的主要要区别在于：：前者有主句句，有从句1.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(2010·全国I)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that解析：选A。。定语从句所所修饰的先行行词是school，它它在定语从句句中作主语，，因此使用关关系代词，选选项中的关系系代词只有which和和that，，由于是非限限制性定语从从句，不能使使用that，因此选择择A。2.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_______wassomeoneelse’’sfault.(2010··全国Ⅱ)A.whoB.thatC.asD.what解析：选B。。不定代词something作主主语，用that引导。。3.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.（2010·福福建）解析：选B。。先行词为planet，表示地点点，故用where。4.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(2010··湖南)解析：选A。。先行词是前前句中的students，在定语语从句中是met之后的的宾语，student指人，又作作了宾语，所所以选who（也可以是是that或或者可以省省略）。5.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister______shewouldstayforanhour.(2010··江江西西)A.解析：选A。先行词为centre,shewouldstayforanhour不缺少宾语或主语,故要填状语,表地点用where。6.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_______dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.(2010·北京)A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that解析：选B。第二个定语从句中的主语与先行词children之间是所属关系，故选B。A项中的what不能引导定语从句。7.That’sthenewmachine________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.(2010·山东)解析析：：选选C。。空空格格处处引引导导定定语语从从句句并并且且在在从从句句中中作作定定语语使使用用，，所所以以使使用用w8.Theoldtemple______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.(2010·陕西)A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose解析：选D。先行词是theoldtemple，关系词在从句中作roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。9.Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotraveling，______turnedouttobeawisedecision.(2010·四川)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where解析：选B。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。10.—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.(2010·天津)A.asB.whichC.whereD.that解析：选C。句中thebarber’s是先行词，从句中go是不及物动词，所选关系词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。11.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_____lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010··浙浙江江)解析析：：选选A。。由由many之之前前的的逗逗号号和和选选项项特特征征，，此此处处是是主主从从句句关关系系，，排排除除C、、D两两项项。。由由于于先先行行词词是是““1,000people””，，表表示示人人，，故故用用whom。。12.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing______developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.(2010··重重庆庆)解析：选C。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。13.Thenewly-builtcafé,thewallsof______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.（2010·江苏）A.thatB.itC.whatD.which解析：选D。定语从句中的主语表示的是“咖啡屋的墙”。14.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_______wemayreturninthenearfuture.(2010·上海)hich解析析：：选选C。。此此处处考考查查的的是是介介词词加加关关系系代代词词引引导导定定语语从从句句。。=Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywhich/thatwemayreturn