【创新设计】高考英语总复习 216第六章情态动词和虚拟语气课件（江苏专用）

第六章情态动词和虚拟语气

△情态动词和虚拟语气讲解△一、情态动词(一)情态动词的基本用法1．can/could(1)表“能力”。【例1】Justbepatient.You________expecttheworldtochangesosoon. (2010·全国Ⅰ)A．can't B．needn'tC．maynot D．whether答案A【例2】We________eatinarestaurantbecausenoneofushadanymoneyonus.A．can't B．couldn'tC．maynot D．mightnot答案B(2)表“许可”。回答could的提问常用can，一般不用could。【例3】—CouldIuseyourbike?—Yes,surelyyou________.A．mightB．willC．canD．could答案C(3)could一般只表过去的能力；若表示过去的能力得到了实施，一般用was/wereableto，不用could。【例4】Thefirespreadthroughoutthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________getout.A．hadto B．wouldC．could D．wasableto答案D2．may/might(1)表“许可”(＝can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”，用mustn't或can't。回答might的提问常用may，一般不用might。【例5】—________Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot. (2010·四川)A．WillB．MayC．MustD．Need答案B【例6】—MightIuseyourpen?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．mayB．mustC．couldD．might答案A【例7】—MayIwatchTVnow?—No,you________.A．canB．mustn'tC．couldn'tD．mightn't答案B(2)may表“祝愿”，置句首，主谓要倒装。【例8】Goodlucktoyou,and________allyourwishescometrue!A．canB．mayC．mustD．might答案B3．must/haveto(1)表“必须”。must强调主观看法；haveto强调客观需要。【例9】

①Thisisabadparty—Wereally________go.②Thisisalovelyparty,butwe________gobecauseofourbaby.A．mustB．mayC．canD．haveto答案①A②D(2)mustn't意为“禁止、不准”；haven'tto意为“不必”(＝needn't)。【例10】You________practicethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.A．haven'tto B．mightn'tC．mustn't D．won't答案C(3)must表“偏要、硬要”。【例11】Why________youalwaysinterruptme?A．canB．willC．mayD．must答案C【例12】——MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou________，chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A．shouldB．couldC．mayD．．must答案D(4)以以must开头头的一般般疑问句句，若要要作否定定回答，，常用needn't或haven'tto，一般般不用mustn't。【例13】——MustIcomeatfouro'clock?—Oh，，no.You________comeatfour.A．won'tB．needn'tC．．can'tD．．mustn't答案B4．oughtto/should(1)意意为“应该”，表义务或责任，oughtto的的语气比比should稍重。【例14】It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack________behereatanymoment.A．mustB．．needC．shouldD．．can答案C(2)should表表“竟然、万一”。【例15】Youcan'timaginethatawell­behavedgentleman________besorudetoalady.A．mightB．needC．．shouldD．would答案C【例16】Ifyou________haveanydifficultyingettingspareparts,ringthisnumber.A．oughttoB．．shouldC．willD．would答案B5．need(1)意为“需要”，作情态态动词用用时，须须跟动词词原形，无人称、数数、时态态的变化化，一般般只用于于否定句或疑问句中。在在肯定句中一般般用作行行为动词词。【例17】—Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.—You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A．mustn'tB．maynotC．can'tD．．needn't答案D【例18】Idon'tthinkhe________anewcomputer.A．needtobuyB．．needsbuyC．needbuyD．need答案C(2)以以need开头头的一般般疑问句句，若要要作肯定定回答，，常用must，一一般不用need。【例19】】—NeedIcome?—Yes,you________.A．needB．mustC．needn'tD．．mustn't答案B6．dare意为“敢”，作情态动动词用时，，须跟动词词原形，有过去式(dared)，无人称、数的的变化，主主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。在肯定句中一般用用作行为动动词。【例20】】Iwonderhowhe________thattotheteacher.A．daretosayB．daresayingC．notdaresayD．daredsay答案DA．doesn'tdareto B．notdareC．daren'tto D．daresnotto答案A7．shall(1)用于疑问句中中征求意见见，主语是是第一、三人称。【例22】】Let'sgoshopping,________we?A．don'tB．willC．shallD．mustn't答案C【例23】】ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou.________theyA．DoB．WillC．ShallD．Would答案C(2)用于陈述句中表示说话人的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令等，主语多为第二、三人称。【例24】】—Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet,butI'llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don'tworry.You________haveitbyFriday.(2010·江苏)A．couldB．shallC．mustD．may答案B【例25】】—Mikeisabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe________answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A．shallB．willC．wouldD．can答案A8．will/would(1)用于征求意见见，主语是是第二人称。【例26】】—________youbeherewhenwegetback?—Surely.A．ShallB．WillC．DoD．．Mustn't答案B(2)表【例27】】Ipushedthesecond­handcarinthemudwithmyfullstrength,butit________move.A．won'tB．wouldn'tC．mightn'tD．couldn't答案B(3)表“习惯”，will指现在的习惯，would指过去的习惯。【例28】】Whenhewasthere,he________gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A．．wouldB．．shouldC．．hadbetterD．．might答案案A(二二)情情态态动动词词表表推测现在的情况，后接动词原形；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词的进行时；推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成时。1．must只用于肯定句中，意为“一定”。【例29】—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.You________beMrs.Peter.(2010·北京)A．mightB．mustC．wouldD．can答案B【例例30】】Ididn'thearthephone.I________asleep.A．．mustbeB．．musthavC．shouldbe D．shouldhave答案B【例31】—DoyouknowwhatTomisdoingatthecrossroads?—He________forhisgirlfriend.A．shouldwait B．mustbewaitingC．canhavewaited D．mightwaiting答案B2．．can/could多多用用于于否定定句或或疑问问句中中，，二二者者一一般般没有有时间间上上的的差差异异，，只只是是could的的语语气气更客气委婉。can't/couldn't意为为“不可能”。【例32】I'mafraidMr.Harding________seeyounow.He'sbusy.(2010··全国Ⅱ)A．can'tB．mustn'tC．shouldn'tD．needn't答案A【例33】——Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It________acomfortablejourney.A．can'tbeB．shouldn'tbeC．mustn'thavebeenD．couldn'thavebeen答案D【例34】TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit________beveryslow.A．shouldB．mustC．willD．can答案D3．may/might用于肯定句或否定句中，might不是may的过过去式，只是是might的可能性比比may小。maynot/mightn't意为为“可能不”。【例35】Peter________comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A．mustB．mayC．canD．will答案B【例36】】——IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A．mustB．mightC．．canD．need答案B【例37】】——Ican'tunderstandwhyourbossislate.—He________theearlybus.A．couldmissB．．mayhavemissedC．canhavemissedD．．mightmiss答案B4．oughtto/should意为为“按理应应该”。【例38】】—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowaftern—They________bereadyby12∶00.A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need答案B(三三)“情1．oughtto/shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做而实际上未做，含有责备的口气。【例39】I________havewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山东)A．shouldn'tB．needn'tC．couldn'tD．mustn't答案A【例例40】】——I'lltellMarya—You________heryesterday.A．oughttotell B．maytellC．wouldhavetold D．oughttohavetold答案D2．．couldhavedone表表示示过过去去本本能够够做而而实实际际上上未做，含有有责备或或遗憾之之意。【例41】—You________yourteacherforhelp.Heiskind－hearted.—Yes.Awholedaywaswasted.A．canB．musthaveaskedC．couldhaveaskedD．shouldn'thaveasked答案C3．mighthavedone表示示过去本本可以做而实际际上未做，含有有责备或或遗憾之之意。【例42】He________youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A．mighthavegivenB．mightgiveC．mayhavegivenD．maygive答案A4．needn'thavedone表示过过去本没没有必要做，但实实际上做了，含有遗遗憾之意意。【例43】Mark________havehurried.AfterdrivingaA．needn'tB．wouldn'tC．mustn'tD．couldn't答案A【例44】Shewastoonervoustoreply,butfortunatelyshe________anything.A．didn'tneedtosayB．needn'thavesaidC．needn'tsayD．doesn'tneedtosay答案A二、虚拟拟语气(一)虚虚拟条件件句的三三种基本本类型1．若与现在事事实相反反，条件件从句的的谓语用用一般过去去时(be通常用用were)，主句句谓语用用“would(should，could，might)＋动词原形形【例45】Ifplaces________alike,there________littleneedforgeographers.A．are；shouldbe B．are；willbeC．were；be D．were；wouldbe答案D2．若与与过去事事实相反反，条件件从句的的谓语用用过去完成成时，主句句谓语用用“would(should，could，might)＋have＋过去分词词”。【例46】Ifhe________，he________thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A．waswarned；；wouldnottakeB．hadbeenwarned；wouldnothavetakenC．wouldbewarned；hadnottakenD．wouldhavebeenwarned；；hadnottaken答案B3．若与与将来事事实相反反，条件件从句的的谓语用用一般过去去时(be通常用用were)或should＋动词原原形或wereto＋动词原原形，主主句谓语语用“would(should，could，might)＋动词原形形”。【例47】Whatwouldhappeniftheearth________stopturning?A．willB．wouldC．couldD．wereto答案D【例48】】—I—Yes,Iagreewithyou.A．wouldbe；got B．is；willgetC．wouldhavebeen；hadgot D．willbe；got答案A注：当条件从句使用“should＋动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句也可用陈述语气或祈使句。【例49】】Letmeknowifyou________somemorenews.A．heardB．wouldhearC．shouldhearD．weretohear答案C【例50】】Ifyou________interested,I________youthewholestory.A．shouldbe；willtellB．wereto；willtellC．were；willtellD．are；wouldtell答案A(二)错综综时间虚拟拟条件句所谓错综时间间虚拟条件件句即条件件从句与主主句所指时时间不一致，如从从句指过去，而主句却却指现在或将来，此时应根根据具体的的语境，结结合上面提提到的三种种基本类型型对时态作出相应的的调整。【例51】】Weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrowifwe________everythingreadybynow.A．haven'tgotB．hadn'tgotC．didn'tD．don'tget答案案B【例例52】】Ifhe________quietlyastheA．lies B．layC．hadlain D．shouldlie答案C(三三)含含蓄蓄虚虚拟拟条条件件句句假设情情况况不不用用if从句句来来表表示示，，而而是是用用without，，butfor，，otherwise，，or，，but等等表表示示一一种种含含蓄蓄条条件件。。表表示示与与现现在在或或将将来来相相反反，，用用“would(should，could，might)＋动词原原形”；表【例53】Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight________forustolive.A．wouldbefreezingcoldB．willbefreezingcoldlyC．wouldbefrozencoldD．canfreezecoldly答案A【例54】】HehesitatA．hadscored B．scoredC．wouldscore D．wouldhavescored答案D【例55】Butforthestorm,we________earlier.A．willarrive B．shouldhavearrivedC．arrive D．arrived答案B(四)虚拟拟语气气的省省略有时可将连词if省略，而将从句中的were，should，had提到主语之前。【例56】Whatwouldhavehappened,________，asfarastheriverbank?A．BobhadwalkedfartherB．ifBobshouldwalkfartherC．hadBobwalkedfartherD．ifBobwalkedfarther答案C【例57】】________youbefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycA．WouldB．ShouldC．WereD．Will答案B【例58】________takengoodcareof,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.A．Hashebeennot B．HadhenotbeenC．Hasnothebeen D．Hadhebeennot答案B(五)使用用虚拟拟语气气的几几种从从句1．wish后的宾语语从句句和ifonly后的的句子子：表表示与与现在在事实实相反反的愿愿望，，从句句谓语语用一般过过去时或过去进进行时；表表示与与过去去相反反的愿愿望，，从句句谓语语用过去完完成时或“would(could)＋have＋过去分词”；表示将来来没有把握握或不太可可能实现的的愿望，常常用“would(c【例59】】HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A．hasB．hadC．willhaveD．．hashad答案B【例60】】IwishI________youyesterday.A．seenB．．sawC．hadseenD．were答案C【例61】】Ifonlyhe________whatItellhim,buthewon't.A．haddoneB．．wouldhavedoneC．woulddoD．hasdone答案C2．asif/asthough引导导的方式状状语从句或或表语从句句：表示与与现在事实实相反，从从句谓语用用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与与过去事实实相反，用用过去完成时；表示将将来的可能能性不大，，用“would(could)＋动词原形”。【例62】】Itseemsasifthesun________roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A．circlesB．iscirclingC．werecirclingD．．hasbeencircling答案C注：若从句所说说的内容可可能为事实实，也可用陈述语气气。【例63】】Thelastbushasleft.Itseemsasifwe________towalkhome.A．shallhaveB．hadC．wouldhaveD．hadhad答案A3．It's(high/about)time后的定定语从句句：从句句谓语通通常用一般过去去时或“should＋＋动词原原形”(should不可省)。【例64】—Istillhaven'tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.—It'stimeyou________it.A．doB．didC．hadD．．would4．wouldrath【例65】Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe________moreonitsculture.(2010·江苏)A．focus B．focusedC．wouldfocus D．hadfocused答案B5．一个个“坚持”(insist)、两两个“命令”(order，，command)、、三个“建议”(advise，suggest，，propose)、、四个“要求”(demand，require，，request，ask)后的宾宾语从句句：一般般用”should＋＋动词原原形”(should可省)。【例66】Thejudgeorderedthatthethief________punished.A．wouldbeB．．shouldbeC．wastobeD．mustbe答案B【例67】He________thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanyhelp.A．claimedB．．requiredC．demandedD．．asked答案A注：动词insist，suggest后的宾宾语从句句除可用用虚拟语语气外，，也可用用陈述语语气，区区别是：：若从句句内容尚未成为事实实，用虚虚拟语气气；从句句内容已经成为事实实，用陈陈述语气气【例68】Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________free.A．did；setB．．haddone；；shouldbesetC．do；besetD．does；；woul