【创新设计】高考英语总复习 211第一章定语从句课件（江苏专用）

高频语法讲练第一章定语从句

△定语从句讲解△一、定语从句的三个基本概念1．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或整个句子。2．关系词：代替先行词，用来连接先行词和定语从句，同时在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。3．定语从句：放在先行词之后，用来修饰先行词的句子。【例1】Thisistheboy________wearelookingfor.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．whose答案C二、判断关系词的方法1．看是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。2．看先行词指人还是指物。3．根据关系词在从句中所作的成分。【例2】Theperson________oftencomestohelpmeismyfather.A．whoB．whomC．whatD．which答案A【例3】I'llneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers，________hasagreateffectonmylaterlife.A．inwhich；that B．when；whichC．which；that D．when；who答案B三、关系词的基本用法1．关系代词that的用法先行词是人或物，that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。【例4】Thestudent________isstudyingEnglishoftengivesmebooks________Iwantverymuch.A．that；that B．which；whichC．that；what D．which；that答案A【例5】Chinaisn'tthecountry________itusedtobe.A．whichB．thatC．asD．where答案B2．关系代词which的用法先行词是物，which在从句中作主语、宾语。【例6】InfacttheSwededidn'tunderstandthethreequestions________wereaskedinFrench.A．whereB．whoC．inwhichD．which答案D3．关系代词who/whom的用法先行词是人，who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom只作宾语。【例7】I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

(2010·湖南)A．whoB．whereC．whenD．which答案A【例8】Doyouknowthewoman________wemetatthegate?A．whichB．whatC．whomD．where答案C4．．关系系代代词词whose的的用用法法先行词词是是人或物，whose在在从从句句中中作作定语。。whose＋＋n.＝＝the＋＋n.＋＋ofwhich/whom＝＝ofwhich/whom＋＋the＋＋n.【例9】Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyone________familywaspoor.A．ofwhomB．whomC．ofwhoseD．．whose答案A【例10】Pleasepassmethedictionary________coverisblack.A．ofwhichB．．whichC．ofwhoseD．．whose答案D5．关系副词when的用法法先行词是时间，when在在从句中作时时间状语。【例11】That'stheday________myfatherwasborninAmerica.A．thatB．whenC．whereD．which答案B6．关系副词where的用用法先行词是是地点，where在在从句句中作作地点点状语。【例12】】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber's________Igo.It'sonly15.(2010·天天津)A．asB．whichC．．whereD．that答案C7．关系副副词why的用用法先行词是是reason，why在在从句句中作作原因因状语。【例13】】Doyouknowthereason________hewaslatefortheparty?A．thatB．whenC．whyD．．how答案C8．关系代代词but的用用法先行词是否定，but本本身也也是否定且在从从句中中一般般只作作主语。but＝＝that...not【例14】】Intheworldthereisnoone________hasafewfaults.A．thatB．butC．．whoD．whom答案B四、定定语从从句的的注意意事项项1．限限制性性定语语从句句和非非限制制性定定语从从句的的比较较限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句关系词可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导；关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)【例15】】Hehasastrangecharacter，，________makeshimhardtogetalongwith.A．whoB．．whichC．thatD．what答案B【例16】】ThatisTom'sfather________worksinChuangxin.A．whomB．whoC．．thatD．．what答案B2．注注意定定语从从句谓谓语动动词的的形式式关系代词作定定语从句的的主语时，从句句的谓语动动词必须与与先行词保持一致致。【例17】】Hewho________reachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A．don'tB．doesn'tC．isn'tD．aren't答案B下列两种情情况须特别别注意(1)在“oneof＋复数数名词”后面，定语语从句的谓谓语用复数。(2)在“the(only)oneof＋复数名名词”后面，定语语从句的谓谓语用单数。【例18】】Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________eveningdress.(2010·全国Ⅱ)A．wearB．．wearsC．haswornD．haveworn答案B3．关系词词常可省略略的情况(1)关系代词在限制制性定语从从句中作宾语时；(2)先行行词是某些些表示时间的名词(如如time等)时；；(3)先行行词theway后面的关关系词作状语时(可理理解为省略略关系词that或inwhich)。【例19】】It'stime________wewenttoschool.A．whenB．．asC．．不填D．．which答案C4．由“介词＋whom/which”引出的定定语从句句介词的选用用：(1)看介介词和从从句中的的动词、形容词的习惯惯搭配；；(2)看看介词和和前面先行词的习惯惯搭配；；(3)看看从句谓谓语部分分与前面面先行词之间的的搭配；；(4)表表示“所所有关系系”或整整体中的的一部分分时常用用of。(注意意：该结结构中的的关系代代词一般般不用that/who，，且其中中的whom/which不可省。)【例21】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people，，manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010··浙江)A．whomB．whichC．themD．those答案A【例22】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.(2010·上海海)A．onwhichB．．bywhichC．towhichD．fromwhich答案C【例23】Isthisthedictionary________youspentfivedollars?A．towhichB．forwhichC．onwhichD．．that答案C5．先行词指“物”时，用that一般不用用which的情况(1)先行词是不定代词all，，none，，little，much，everything，nothing等时；(2)先行词词被形容词最高级修饰时；(3)先行词词被序数词或thelast，，theonly，thevery修饰时时；(4)先行词词既有人又有物时；(5)关系代代词在限制性性定语从句中中作表语时。【例24】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse'sfault.(2010·全国国Ⅱ)A．whoB．thatC．asD．what答案B【例25】Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschoolinthepast.A．whichB．．thatC．whomD．what答案B【例26】Shewastheonlypersoninheroffice________wasinvitedtotheball.A．whoB．thatC．whereD．．which答案A/B6．as和which引导非非限制性定语语从句的比较较相同点：(1)先行词都都可指代整个个主句；(2)都可可在从句中作作主语、宾语或表语。不同点：(1)as引导导的从句可位位于句首，而which则不行；；(2)as有有“正如……”之意，而which表示示“这一点”。【例27】________isknowntoeveryone，，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．ItB．AsC．WhichD．What答案B【例28】Myfatherhasreturnedfromabroad，，________makesourfamilyveryhappy.A．thatB．whichC．itD．as答案B7．与thesame连用用的关系词比较thesame...as与thesame...that：：一般说来，，前者表“同类”，后者表“同一”。【例29】】Tomtookawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera________helostlastweek.A．asB．likeC．whichD．．that答案D8．先行词表示示时间、地地点或原因因时，关系系词用that或which的情况有时，先行行词虽表时时间、地点点或原因，，但关系词词在从句中中作主语、宾语等而不是是作状语，这时，，不用when，where或why，要用that或which。【例30】】Icanneverforgettheday________weworkedtogetherandtheday________wespenttogether.A．when；whichB．which；whenC．what；thatD．．onwhich；when答案A【例31】】Thisisthereason________preventedusfromcoming.A．whyB．forwhichC．thatD．what答案C五、“似是而非”定语从句第一组①Itwasthesmallcity________Ionceworked.②Itwasinthesmallcity________Ionceworked.A．whereB．whichC．thatD．onwhich答案①A②C强调句型可以以还原：若若将Itis/was和that/who去去掉而句中中不缺缺成分分，，结结构构完整整，说说明明原原句句是是强强调调句句型型；；若若结结构构不完整整，，则则说说明明原原句句可可能能为为定定语语从从句句。。第二二组组①Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyat.②Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyather.A．．asB．．likeC．．whichD．．that答案案①A②D比较such...as与与such...that：：前前者者引引导导的的是是定语从从句句，，as须须作作主语、、宾语、、表语等等；；后后者者引引导导的的是是结结果果状语从从句句，，that不作成成分分。。第三三组组①Istilllive________Iwasborn.②Istillliveinthetown________Iwasborn.③Istillhaveaquestion________Iwasborn.A．whereB．．inwhichC．．A&B答案①A②C③Awhere引导定语语从句句时，，其前前须有地点名名词，，where常常可用“介介词＋＋which””取代代；where引导导的从从句前前如无地点名名词，，则不是定语从从句，，where就就不可用“介介词＋＋which””取代代。第四组组①________isknowntoeveryone，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.②________isknowntoeveryonethatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.③________isknowntoeveryoneisthatthemoontravelsr