第10讲动词不定式

动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式结构

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.(2).表语Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.

Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).宾补五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二听

listento

hear一感觉:

feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1>help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.2>see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to）3>不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系

Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系

Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系

Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。e.g.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一个房间住。e.g.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语（表示目的或结果）inorderto,

soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,在一些短语中也有体现(7).独立结构tobefrank,tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。

Whynothavearest?关于不定式中的小品词to(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.动词不定式的时态1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.㈠.

一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。㈡.进行式(tobedoing)1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。动词不定式的语态㈠.主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.动词不定式的语态㈡.被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.注意

A.动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前Mymothertoldmenevertodoitagain.注意B.动词不定式之后可加疑问词，通常做主语，宾语。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?注意C.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to

。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。1.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot

.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecan’thelp_____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned练习3.Noteverybodyhastheability

inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent

toanswertheteacher’squestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen5.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.—Wouldyoubesokindas

usout?---Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.tohelp7Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.Weagreed___here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning10.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed

intothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking

11.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying高考链接1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyin

summer.Themorningairisso

good______.(2008全国I卷)A.tobebreathed

B.tobreathe

C.breathing

D.beingbreathedB

2.–

Didthebookgivetheinformationyou

needed?

–

Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadthe

entirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofind

B.find

C.tofinding

D.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.

(2008北京卷)A.towelcome

B.welcoming

C.tobewelcomed

D.welcomedA

C

4._____theprojectasplanned,we’llhave

toworktwomorehoursaday.

(2008湖南卷)A.Completing

B.Complete

C.Completed

D.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_____,I'mhappyto

justkeeponuntilitisfinished.

(2008上海卷)

A.todo

B.tobedoing

C.done

D.doingDA

6.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_______foraspaceflight.(07江西卷)A.training

B.beingtrained

C.tohavetrained

D.tobetrained7.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_______.(07浙江卷)A.tobeheard

B.tohaveheard

C.hearing

D.beingheardD

A

exerciseMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停止去做某事

doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘记去做．．．

doingsth.忘记已做了．．．remembertodosth.记得去做．．．

doingsth.记得曾经做．．．9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogoBDB12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadAAC达标练习1.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.I’mafraidit’llbeveryhardforyou_________(adapt)thisstoryforchildren.After__________(think)everything