2022年湖南省湘潭市中考英语真题（含答案）

愿你如愿，祝你成功PAGEPAGE282022年湘潭市初中学业水平考试英语试题卷考生注意1.试题卷中听力录音材料以中速朗读两遍。2.作答时，所有答案均应写在答题卡上。选择题所选答案须将相应字母代号涂黑，非选择题的答案要书写工整、清晰、规范、卷面整洁。选择题符合题意的答案只有1个，不选、多选、错选，均不给分。3.本试卷满分120分，时量100分钟。全部试卷分为四个部分，共10页，71题，其中试题卷8页，答题卡2页。考试结束后，试题卷和答题卡均应交回。Goodlucktoyou!第一部分听力技能（共两节，满分20分）第一节听对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）选择相应的图片或正确的答案。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatisthegirl'sgift?A.B.C.2.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.B.C.3.Whatcoloristheelectriccar?ABlack.B.Red.C.Blue.4.WhatdoesDanielwanttobe?A.Adoctor.B.Ateacher.C.Acook.5.HowoftendoesJennyplaythepiano?A.Everyday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.第二节听对话或独白（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第六段材料，回答第6、7题6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atafruitshop.B.Atabookstore.C.Inaclothesstore.7.Howmucharetheapples?A.$3.B.$4.C.$6.听第七段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wherearetheygoingthisafternoon?A.Tothelake.B.Tothecinema.C.Tothelibrary.9.Whowillgowiththem?A.Theman'sbrother.B.Theman'sfriend.C.Thewoman'ssister.听第八段材料，回答第10、11题。10.Whereisthefoodfestivalheld?A.InHuxiangPark.B.InYaowan.C.InBaishiSquare.11.Whenwilltheygothere?A.ThisSaturday.B.NextMonday.C.NextTuesday.听第九段材料，回答第12至14题。12.What'stheweatherliketoday?A.It'srainy.B.It'scloudy.C.It'ssunny.13.Whatisthewomangoingtodotomorrow?A.Togoswimming.B.Tohaveapicnic.C.Todohomework.14.Whywasthemanbusyyesterday?A.Becausehewastakingtheexams.B.Becausehewashavingameeting.C.Becausehewasseeingadentist.听第十段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whattimedoesthetrainleave?A.At8:30.B.At9:30.C.At10:30.16.Whichcityaretheygoingtoonvacation?A.Sanya.B.Guangzhou.C.Shanghai.17.Whokeepsthetickets?A.Noone.B.Thewoman.C.Theman.听第十一段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatwillthestudentsdotomorrow?A.Plantingtrees.B.Visitingmuseums.C.Playingsports.19.Howmanyteacherswilltakepartintheactivity?A.6.B.8.C.10.20.Howwilltheygothere?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.第二部分阅读技能（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面的材料，从每题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。ANoticeOurheadmasterwillgiveusaspeechonSafetyintheschoolhallat8a.m.onJune21st.Allthestudentsshouldbepresent.It’smainlyabout:1.possibleaccidentsaroundteenagers;2.properwaystoprotectourselves.You’resupposedto:1.arriveontime;2.listencarefully;3.takenotes.Students’Union1.Thespeechisabout______.A.sports B.science C.safety2.Whatcanwedoduringthespeech?A.Takingnotes. B.Havingadiscussion. C.Arrivinglate.BHerearesomefunactivitiesafterschool!Comeandjoinus!DaysPlacesTeachersActivitiesMondayMeetingroomMissLiPapercuttingTuesdaySchoolHallMissWhiteAIrobotsWednesdayLabMr.YangBiologyexperimentsThursdayMedicalofficeDoctorBrownFirstaidFridayPlaygroundMr.SmithSoccer3.WhoistheteacherofAIrobots?A.MissLi. B.MissWhite. C.Mr.Yang.4.WhatcanwelearnfromDoctorBrown?A.Papercutting. B.Firstaid. C.Soccer.5.Wheredowehavebiologyexperiments?A.Inthelab. B.Inthemedicaloffice. C.Ontheplayground.CFiveyearsago,Jennifer,agirlfromAustralia,cametoXiangtanUniversitytostudyChinese.ThereshefellinlovewithChinesecultureandmetherhusband,whoisalocal(当地的)youngman.Theygotmarriedaftershefinishedherstudy.Sincethen,shehasstartedhernewlifeinXiangtanCity.AsJenniferlearnedthattigershaveimportantandspecialmeaninginChina,shedecidedtopreparesomeinterestinggiftsforherbabyontheway.LikesomeChinesepeople,she’dliketocallit“TigerBaby”,because2022istheYearofTiger.Shehasalreadylearnedtomaketigerhatsandshoesintheshapeofatiger’sheadforherbaby,hopingherbabywillgrowtobeasstrongasalittletiger.Fatherhasdecidedthathisbabygrowsup,hewillteachthebabytodrawpicturesoftigers.Grandmahashelpedmakesomeclothtigerto“eatup”illnesses.Grandpa’sstoriesareready,likethoseaboutTigerGeneral(虎威将军)andHufu(虎符).Nextweek,Jennifer’sparentswillflyfromAustraliatotakegoodcareofher.Andin3months,thefamilywillwelcomeabigday.Jenniferbelievesshewillbethehappiestmomintheworld.Whatawarmfamily!6.Accordingtothetext,JennifercametoXiangtanUniversity_________.A.toseeherfriends B.tostudyChinese C.toleachEnglish7.WhyhasJennifermadetigerhatsandshoes?A.Tohopethebabywillbeasstrongasatiger.B.Toshowherperfectskillsofmakingthings.C.TosendthemtoherChinesefriendsasgifts.8.Whowillteachthebabytodrawpicturesofligers?A.Grandma. B.Grandpa. C.Father.9.Whatwillprobablyhappenin3months?A.Thebabywillonlygetaclothtigerasagift.B.Jennifer’smomwillsendwishesfromAustralia.C.Jenniferwillgivebirthtoababyatthattime.10.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.JenniferlivesaveryhappylifeinChina.B.Thebabywillbeageneralinthefuture.C.Jennifer’sparentslikethestoryofHufu.DLiuMinisanEnglishteacher.Thesedays,herfamilyareexperiencingadifferentlifeofworkingandstudying.Theygetupanddomorningexercisesat6:30inthelivingroom.Afterbreakfast,theystarttheirworkandstudy.Herhusbandturnsonhiscomputerinthestudy(书房),readinghise-mailsandmakingalistoftoday’swork.BeforeLiuMinbeginstogivelessonsonline,shemakessureherstudents,includingherdaughter,areallthere.BecauseofCOVID-19,manypeoplearenowworkingandstudyingathomelikethem,andtheyarecalledtelecommuters(居家办公者).Whentheyareworkingathome,theycanfollowtheirownplansandgetconnectedwiththeworkplacesthroughtheInternet.Workingathomebringsthemsomethinggood.Thereismoretimethanbeforetocommunicatewiththeirfamilymembers.Whileworkingathome,theycanlookaftertheirchildren,too.Ontheotherhand,theysavemoretimeandmoneywithouttravelingtowork.Italsohelpsproducelesspollutionandfewertrafficproblems.However,thefamilystillhopetheycancomebacktotheirnormallife.ThankstotheChinesegovernment,thingsaregettingbetternow.Asamanager,thehusbandcantalkwithhisworkersfacetoface.LiuMinandherdaughtercanreturntoschool.11.LiuMin’shusbanddoesthesethingsinthestudyexcept________.A.readinghise-mails B.makingalistoftoday’swork C.doingmorningexercises12.Fromthetext,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheadvantagesofworkingathome?A.Theycanhavebigmealswithfamily.B.Theycansavemoretimeandmoney.C.Theycanlookaftertheiroldparents.13.Inparagraph(段落)2,whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”referto(指代)?A.LiuMin’sfamily. B.LiuMin’schildren. C.LiuMin’sstudents.14.Accordingtothetext,wecanknowthat________.A.LiuMinisaChineseteacherB.LiuMinisherdaughter’steacherC.LiuMin’sfamilydon’tneedtowork15.Whatcanbethebesttitle(标题)ofthetext?A.DifferentWorkplaces B.LiuMin’sTeachingOnline C.WorkingandStudyingatHomeERecently,astudy(研究),publishedinBMCMedicine,foundthatsittinginfrontoftheTVforalongtimewasariskforpeople’shealth.Afterscientistsuseddata(数据)on370,000people,covering12years,theyfoundabout9,000developedheartdisease.Theyfoundpeoplewithgenes(基因)ofheartproblemsweremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.However,theyfoundthatpeoplewithoutsuchgeneswatchingmorethanfourhoursofTVeverydaywerealsoatthegreatestriskofheartdisease.Peoplespending2to3hoursadaywatchingTVhada6%lowerrisk.Andthosewhowatchedlessthananhourhada16%lowerrisk.ThescientistsoftheresearchteamfinallyfoundcuttingTVwatchingtimetolessthananhouradaycouldprevent10%ofheartdisease.Inlife,peoplewhowant“onemoreepisode(剧集)”mightbethegroupatahigherrisk,fortheyareeasytospendmoretimewatchingTV.IftheyhavemoresnackswhilewatchingTV,itmightaddtheriskofputtingtheirheartsindanger.So,ifpeoplewanttowatchTVlonger,standingupandmovingthebody,orhangingoutwillwork.ButlimitingtheirtimeonTVcouldbeamoreusefulwaytohelpthemavoidpossibleheartproblemsinthefuture.16.Accordingtothetext,howlongdidtheresearchcover?A.10years. B.12years. C.14years.17.Fromparagraph2,whichofthefollowingisright?A.PeoplewatchingonehourofTVareatthegreatestrisk.B.ThelesstimepeoplespendonTV,thelowertheriskis.C.WatchingTVistheonlyreasontodevelopheartdisease.18.Whichbestexplains“limiting”underlinedinparagraph3?A.限制 B.记录 C.花费19.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Atourguide. B.Astorybook. C.Anewspaper.20.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.We’dbetternotwatchTVmorethanonehouraday.B.Hangingoutafterdinnerisgoodforourhearthealth.C.HavingsnackswhilewatchingTVaddsrisksforheart.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Morethanfiftyyearshaspassedsincethefirstsatellite(人造卫星)inChinawassentintospacein1970.Fromthenon,manysuchinspiringmomentswereleftinourmemories.ThelatestencouragingmomenthappenedonJune5th,2022.Shenzhou-14.China’sninthmannedspaceflight(载人宇宙飞行),successfullysentChenDong,LiuYangandCaiXuzheintotheTiangongSpaceStation,wheretheywillworkandlivefor6months.Moreresearchworkwillbecompletedandgreatchallengesareaheadwaitingforthem.Yearsofpreparationsweremadeforthemoment.Forexample,enoughknowledgeandskillshelpeddealwithproblems:physicalandmental(心理的)traininghelpedtokeepthebestcondition.Althoughit’sthesecondtimeforChenDongandLiuYangtoflyintospace,theyagainwithCaiXuzhereceivedhardtraining.AsforLiuYang,nowamotheroftwoyoungkids,shebelievesit’sherdutytodothatforourcountryandsetagoodexampleforherchildren.Thesuccessalsobelongstotheteam.Hundredsofengineersandworkersarebehindthem,offeringallkindsofsupportstohelpthemfinishmoretasks.21.InChina,whenwasthefirstsatellitesentintospace?_____________________________________________22.Howlongwilltheastronautsstayinspace?_____________________________________________23.Whydidtheyreceivephysicalandmentaltraining?_____________________________________________24.Accordingtothetext,whowillhelptheastronautsfinishthetasks?_____________________________________________25.Whatdoyouthinkofthethreeastronauts?_____________________________________________第三部分知识运用（共三节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ZhangNingwasavolunteerattheWinterOlympicsin2022.Whenshewasinterviewedontheradioshesharedherstoriesand____26____withtheaudience.“Iwas10yearsoldwhenBeijinghostedtheSummerOlympicsin2008.WhenIwaswatchingTVand____27____theamazingperformances,Iwasexcited.”ShecametoknowthatholdingtheOlympicswasachancetotellChina’sstoriestotheworld,showingtheworldamorebeautifulChina.“It’sawonderfulexperiencetobea____28____attheWinterOlympics14yearslater.Itmademychildhooddream____29____.”SaidZhangNing.“Ilearnedalot,____30____Iwasbusyandtired.”Inorderto____31____betterservice,ZhangNingandherteamweretrainedseriously.Theyworkedhardinthefaceofdifficulties.Oneofthemost____32____thingswasthecoldweather,assomeoftheworkwasoutside.Withmorethan300othervolunteers,shemighthaveworkedforabout1,000hours,likecheckingtemperaturesandtickets___33___atWukesongSportsCenter.“I____34____forourathleteswhentheyweretryingtheirbest.Ifelt_____35_____proudwhenIsawournationalflagrisinghigh,tearsinmyeyes,”Shesaid,“Volunteeringisunusual.I’lldosuchjobsagainandinvitemorepeopletojoinus.”26.A.feelings B.plans C.hobbies27.A.preparing B.giving C.enjoying28.A.player B.volunteer C.coach29.A.cometrue B.comeout C.comeup30.A.because B.unless C.though31.A.find B.provide C.take32.A.difficult B.different C.dangerous33.A.heavily B.angrily C.carefully34.A.swam B.cheered C.drove35.A.freely B.hardly C.truly第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Shaoshanisafamouscity,thehometownofChairman(主席)MaoZedong.Heoncelived,studied,and____36____(work)here.Shaoshanisacomfortableplacewithflowersblooming(开花)andbirdssingingallyearround.Shaoshanisaplace____37____isalmostinthemiddleofHunan,about40kilometersfromXiangtanCityand100kilometersfromChangshaCity.Asthehigh-speedtrainsareavailable,moreandmorepeoplecomehere____38____train.Forexample,itonly____39____(take)lessthanhalfanhourfromChangshaCitytoShaoshan.Othersstillwant____40____(drive)herewithfamiliesorfriends.IfpeoplecomehereonDecember26th,itwillbethe____41____(good)time.Onthatdaytherearealotofcelebrations,becauseit’sChairmanMao’sbirthday.____42____(Visitor)fromalloverthecountrycomeheretoshowtheirrespect.Theyalsolookforwardto____43____(watch)TheMostMemorableShaoshan(《最忆韶山冲》),whichcanhelpthembetterunderstandChairmanMao.Theywillbedeeplymovedandencouraged.Besides,itisnotonly____44____goodplaceforstudentstohaveschooltrips,butalsoaneducationbasefor____45____(they)tolearnaboutthehistoryoftheCommunistPartyofChina(中国共产党).第三节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。Maybeit’snormalforyoutofeellonelyandnervousbecauseofthebadrelationsbetweenyouandyourfamily.1.Hereissomeadvicethatmayhelp.Iftherelationsbetweenyourparentsbecomedifficult,theymightargue.Whenithappens,it’slikeabig,blackcloudhangingoveryourhome.Atthattime,you’dbetterlearntoofferhelp.2.你可以帮忙做更多的家务,sothatyourparentshavemoretimetocommunicatewitheachother.Sometimes,itmaytroubleyouthatyourparentscaremoreaboutyourstudy.Whynottrytounderstandthemand3.tellthemthatyouarestudyinghardtobecomebetter.Also,fightbetweenyouandyourbotherarecommon.Forexample,healwaysrefusestoletyouwatchyourfavoriteprograms.Insteadhemaywatchwhateverhelikesuntillateatnight.Ofcourse,it’sunfair.However,remembernottobeangrybecauseit’suseless.Sitdowntohaveatalkwithhim.4.这是一个与他相处的好办法。Believeitornot,5.Communicatingandunderstandingisveryimportantforafamily.Ifallofyouarefriendlyandthinkmoreforeachother,relationswillbeimproved.46.____________________________47.____________________________48.____________________________49.____________________________50.____________________________第四部分写作技能（共1小题，满分15分）51.亲爱的同学，恭喜你即将毕业。在过去的三年初中学习中，你的老师教导、关心、帮助过你。请你选择一位老师，表达你对他（她）的感激之情。内容包括：1.你对这位老师的印象；2.你感谢他（她）的原因；3.你对他（她）的祝福。注意：1.词数在80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；2.可适当举例或拓展；3.文中不能出现可能透露真实身份的任何信息（如校名，师生名字等）。It’stimeformetosaygoodbyetomyjuniorschoollife.I’mheretosaythanksto_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2022年湘潭市初中学业水平考试英语试题卷考生注意1.试题卷中听力录音材料以中速朗读两遍。2.作答时，所有答案均应写在答题卡上。选择题所选答案须将相应字母代号涂黑，非选择题的答案要书写工整、清晰、规范、卷面整洁。选择题符合题意的答案只有1个，不选、多选、错选，均不给分。3.本试卷满分120分，时量100分钟。全部试卷分为四个部分，共10页，71题，其中试题卷8页，答题卡2页。考试结束后，试题卷和答题卡均应交回。Goodlucktoyou!第一部分听力技能（共两节，满分20分）第一节听对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）选择相应的图片或正确的答案。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatisthegirl'sgift?A.B.C.2.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.B.C.3.Whatcoloristheelectriccar?A.Black.B.Red.C.Blue.4.WhatdoesDanielwanttobe?A.Adoctor.B.Ateacher.C.Acook.5.HowoftendoesJennyplaythepiano?A.Everyday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.第二节听对话或独白（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第六段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atafruitshop.B.Atabookstore.C.Inaclothesstore.7.Howmucharetheapples?A.$3.B.$4.C.$6.听第七段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wherearetheygoingthisafternoon?ATothelake.B.Tothecinema.C.Tothelibrary.9.Whowillgowiththem?A.Theman'sbrother.B.Theman'sfriend.C.Thewoman'ssister.听第八段材料，回答第10、11题。10Whereisthefoodfestivalheld?A.InHuxiangPark.B.InYaowan.C.InBaishiSquare.11.Whenwilltheygothere?A.ThisSaturday.B.NextMonday.C.NextTuesday.听第九段材料，回答第12至14题。12.What'stheweatherliketoday?A.It'srainy.B.It'scloudy.C.It'ssunny.13.Whatisthewomangoingtodotomorrow?A.Togoswimming.B.Tohaveapicnic.C.Todohomework.14.Whywasthemanbusyyesterday?A.Becausehewastakingtheexams.B.Becausehewashavingameeting.C.Becausehewasseeingadentist.听第十段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whattimedoesthetrainleave?A.At8:30.B.At9:30.C.At10:30.16.Whichcityaretheygoingtoonvacation?A.Sanya.B.Guangzhou.C.Shanghai.17.Whokeepsthetickets?A.Noone.B.Thewoman.C.Theman.听第十一段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatwillthestudentsdotomorrow?A.Plantingtrees.B.Visitingmuseums.C.Playingsports.19.Howmanyteacherswilltakepartintheactivity?A.6.B.8.C.10.20.Howwilltheygothere?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.第二部分阅读技能（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面的材料，从每题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。A【1~2题答案】【答案】1.C2.AB【3~5题答案】【答案】3.B4.B5.AC【6~10题答案】【答案】6.B7.A8.C9.C10.AD【11~15题答案】【答案】11.C12.B13.A14.B15.CE【16~20题答案】【答案】16.B17.B18.A19.C20.A第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）【21~25题答案】【答案】21.In1970.22.For6months.23.Tokeepthebestcondition.24.Hundredsofengineersandworkers.25.Theyarehard-working,selflessandrespectable.第三部分知识运用（共三节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）【26~35题答案】【答案】26.A27.C28.B29.A30.C31.B32.A33.C34.B35.C第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）【36~45题答案】【答案】36.worked37.that##which38.by39.takes40.todrive41.best42.Visitors43.watching44.a45.them第三节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）【46~50题答案】【答案】46.这有一些建议可能会有帮助。47.Youcanhelpwithmorehousework。48.告诉他们你正在努力学习为了变得更好。49.Itisagoodwaytogetalongwithhim.50.沟通和理解对于一个家庭来说非常重要。第四部分写作技能（共1小题，满分15分）【51题答案】【答案】例文：It’stimeformetosaygoodbyetomyjuniorschoollife.I’mheretosaythankstomyEnglishteacherMr.Zhang.Sheisverykindandpatient.ShehashelpedmealotinmystudiessinceIcametothisschool.WhenIwasintrouble,sheusedtoencouragemeandgivemesomegoodadvice.AtonetimeIfailedtopassanEnglishtestandIwasverysadaboutit.Shecameandcheeredmeup.ShetoldmesomegoodwaystoimprovemyEnglish.Withherhelp,IhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.I’msothankfultoherforherkindhelpthatIwillworkharderandtrytodobetterinthefuture.Ihopeshewillbecomebetterandbetter.中考阅卷老师整理中考英语易混单词词组1.besides,except,exceptfor,but①besides是指“除……之外还（又）”，包括后面所提及的人或物在内。Twenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemabesideshim.②except是指“抛开……不谈”，不包括后面所提及的人或物在内。Twenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemaexcepthim.③exceptfor是指“除了”，不包括后面所提及的人或物在内，后面跟的词与句子的主语不属于同类。Yourarticleisverygoodexceptforsomemistakes.④but常与every,any,all,none,no以及它们与one,thing,body,where构成的复合词等连用。有的已经成为了惯用语，如：allbut（几乎，除……之外全部），anythingbut（除……之外都），nothingbut（只不过是……）。Thereisnothingbutacuponthetable.2.reach,arrivein/at,getto①reach+地点，意思是“到达”。②arrivein+大地方，arriveat+小地方，意思是“抵达、到达某地（尤指行程的终点）”。③getto+地点，意思是“到达”。注意：当arrivein/at和getto后面跟的是地点副词here,there,home等时，则省略介词in/at/to。当只表明“到了”，而未表明地点时，用arrive。3.attheendof,intheend,bytheendof①attheendof指某段时间的结束或某段路程的终止处，意思是“在结束时”，“在尽头”。Ourschoolheldasportsmeetingattheendoflastterm.Attheendofthisstreetyouwillfindabookshop.②intheend相当于atlast,finally，意思是“最后，终于”。Intheend,theycaughtthethief.③bytheendof用于过去完成时或将来时，意思是“到末为止”。Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedfiveEnglishsongs.Thisquestionwillhavebeenansweredbytheendoftoday.4.it,one,that①it代替上文所提到的那个事物，一般指物，不指人。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。复数形式是they或them。Ihave50yuan.Myunclegaveittomelastweek.②one代替上文出现过的单数名词，以免重复。泛指代人或物。所指代的人或物属于同类事物中不同的一个，即替代的是一个带有不定冠词的可数名词的单数形式。复数形式是ones。Ihavelostmyoldwatch.Thisisanewone.③that代替前面同类不是同一的事物。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式是those。that不可以代替表示人的名词，它可以根据语义在后面加上一些定语，多数是of的短语；它的前面不能存在任何定语。Thewaterinwellsiscleanerthanthatintherivers.5.lookfor,lookup,find,findout①lookfor意思是“寻找”，强调找的过程。②lookup意思是“查找”，强调查字典、电话号码。③find意思是“找到，发现”，强调找的结果。④findout意思是“查明，发现，了解”，指的是经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事或某物查出来、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况。6.aswell,aswellas①aswell相当于also,too，意思是“也，又”。常放在句子末尾，无需用逗号与句子分开。IamgoingtoLondonandmysisterisgoingaswell.②aswellas意思是“也，还”。常用来连接两个并列的成分。连接连个并列的主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致；翻译时先翻译后面，再翻译前面。Yourwifeaswellasyouisfriendlytome.7.ratherthan,insteadof,inplaceof①ratherthan和would连用时构成wouldrather...than...，意思是“宁愿而不愿”的句式，表示主观愿望，在两者中择一。Shewouldratherdiethanloseherchildren.②ratherthan不和would连用时，表示客观事实，意思是“是而不是；与其不如”。它的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等等。ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词应该和前面的主语保持一致。ratherthan连接两个不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。Heisanexplorerratherthanasailor.YouratherthanIaregoingtogocamping.Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.③insteadof意思是“代替”，“做而不做”。Myparentsjustcalledme.I’mafraidIhavetohavedinnerwiththeminsteadofshoppingwithyoutonight.④inplaceof意思是“代替”。着重强调一种物质替换另一种物质。Plasticsarenowoftenusedinplaceofwoodormetal.8.alive,living①alive意思是“活着的，有生命的”，和系动词be连用，着重表示一种状态，作表语。Hewasstillaliveafterthecaraccident.②living意思是“有生命的，生活的”，在句子中作定语，放在所修饰的名词的前面或代词的后面。Therearenolivingthingsonthemoon.10.say,speak,talk,tell①say+内容（+语言），意思是“说”。Saygoodbye/aword.SayitinEnglish,please.Canyouunderstandwhatshesaid.②speak+语言，意思是“讲话”。WouldyouspeakChinese,please?Ican’tunderstandyou.③talk意思是“讲话，谈论，谈话”。talkto/with/aboutTheyweretalkingaboutafilmwhentheteachercamein.④tell意思是“告诉，讲述”。tell+抽象的整体tellastorytellsth.tosb.tellsb.(about)sth.tellsb.(not)todosth.I’lltellherthenewsassoonasIseeher.11.beusedtodosth.,beusedtodoingsth.,usedtodosth.①beusedtodosth.是usesth.todosth.的被动语态，意思是“被用来做”。Nowadays,robotsareusedtodosomedangerousthingsinsteadofhumanbeings.②be/getusedtodoingsth.“习惯于做”，be/get是系动词，used是形容词，to是介词。Themanwasusedtolivinginthecountryside.③usedtodosth.“过去常常做”。12.befamousfor,befamousas①befamousfor相当于beknownfor，意思是“以而闻名”。Thetownisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.②befamousas意思是“作为出名；以身份而闻名”。JayChouisfamousasasinger.13.watchsbdosth.,watchsbdoingsth.①watchsbdosth意思是“看见某人做过”，强调动作的全过程。Iwatchthethiefstealthebookfromthedesk.Didshewatchthechildrencrosstheroad?②watchsbdoingsth意思是“看见某人正在做”。强调动作正在进行。Iwatchthethiefstealingthebookfromthedesk.Shewatchedthechildrencrossingtheroad.③类似用法的词有see,hear等。14.cross,across,through①cross是动词，across和through是介词。Theycrossedtheriverbytheboat.②across意思是“横穿，横过”，指的是从物体的表面上穿过。Iswamacrosstheriver20yearsago.③through意思是“贯通，直穿，透过”，指的是立体空间中的穿过。Theywalkedslowlythroughthewoods.Thesunshineshoneinthebedroomthroughthewindow.15.inaway,inthisway,bytheway,ontheway①inaway意思是“在某种程度上；在某种意义上”。Inaway,itisagoodbook.②inthisway意思是“用这种办法”。Inthisway,youcanspeakEnglishwell.③ontheway意思是“在路上，在途中”。Onthewayhomemyfathertoldmeastory.④bytheway意思是“顺便说”。Bytheway,haveyouseenthefilmbefore?16.stoptodosth.,stopdoingsth.①stoptodosth.意思是“停下来去做某事”。Assoonastheteacherleft,studentsstoppedtotalk.②stopdoingsth.意思是“停止做某事”。Thestudentsstoppedtalkingassoonastheysawtheteacher.③stop…fromdoingsth.意思是“阻止……做……”。Pleasestopthemfromplayingfire.17.takepartin,joinin,join①takepartin意思是“参加”，指的是参加群众性活动或会议，并在其中起一定的作用。Thesedays,studentstakepartinmanyactivities.②join意思是“参加，加入”，指的是加入组织、团体、党派等，成为其中的一员。Hejoinedthearmyin1998andjoinedthePartythenextyear.③joinin意思是“参加某活动”，后面跟的宾语一般是表示竞赛、游戏、娱乐等活动的名词，常用搭配joinsb.in(doing)sth.Everyoneshouldjoininthegame.18.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith①befamiliarto意思是“某事对某人是熟悉的”，主语一定是sth.。Yournameisveryfamiliartome.②befamiliarwith意思是“某人对某事