四级专项之信息匹配题

四级专项-长篇阅读

信息匹配题8:40/14:40考生入场1、出示准考证、身份证、学生证。2、手机严禁带入考场。3、入座后，请调试耳机、试听。9:00/15:00下发考试材料1、检查试题册、条形码、答题卡的印刷质量。2、阅读试题册正面“敬告考生”内容。3、粘贴条形码、填写个人信息。1、非听力考试期间不得佩戴耳机，且不得提前翻阅试题册，否则按违规处理。。2、作文题目在试题册背面，使用黑色签字笔在答题卡1上作答。3、作文题考试时间为30分钟，之后将立即进行听力考试。

9:10/15:10考试正式开始开始作答作文9:40/15:40听力考试开始1、打开试题册，带上耳机2、进行听力考试请考生掌握好答题卡1的填涂时间，听力录音播放完毕后，将立即回收答题卡13、听力理解30分钟10:10/16:10听力考试结束停止作答、摘下耳机回收答题卡1，考试暂停5分钟10:15/16:15命令考生继续作答作答阅读理解和翻译部分11:25/17:25考试结束考生停止作答1、考生交回试题册、答题卡22、老师清点无误后，考生方可离场答题卡一正面学校及姓名准考证号条形码作文学校及姓名条形码学校及姓名条形码学校及姓名准考证号条形码学校及姓名答题卡一背面作文续听力答题卡二正面准考证号学校及姓名选词填空信息匹配仔细阅读答题卡二背面翻译长篇阅读—信息匹配长篇阅读部分采用1篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度四级约1000词，六级约1200词。阅读速度四级约每分钟100词；六级约每分钟120词。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。信息匹配题出题原则：命题人一般是从段落中挑出一句或者几句话，进行改写(即paraphrase)，然后打乱次序就变成了这种题目。换句话说，这种题型不遵循顺序原则，考察的是学生到原文找出指定的相关信息的能力。（一）长篇阅读考察的依然是快速阅读的能力，看你能不能在极短时间内定位关键信息并进行匹配。不管题型怎么变，其实学习方法没变，还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读理解的能力，因此大量的练习必不可少。（二）保证词汇功底。词汇量的大小与阅读速度的快慢成正比。阅读部分总计4篇文章只有40分钟的答题时间，因此词汇量的大小对于新题型得分的高低有直接关系。信息匹配题考察点3.采取跳读的方式，注意段落首尾句作为重点信息处理；特殊信号词在段落和题目中的对应，如数字、最高级、特殊符号；特别关注出现在文中的否定句、虚拟语气等特殊句式。4.还需要特别注意含有“but”、“because”等表示转折、因果关系的句子。1.对于信息匹配题来说，“先题后文”指的就是先读匹配对象，然后带着匹配对象中的关键信息（名词、动词、形容词、数词为主）查找前面的信息材料，从而确定答案。2.阅读材料信息时可用笔划出关键词语，以引起注意，便于记忆和理顺思路，减轻记忆负担。5.“同意替换”在段落信息匹配题中扮演了很重要的角色。10个给出的句子基本上都是原文中某个句子或段落的高度同义替换。信息匹配题做题技巧信息匹配题-样题真题分析阅读匹配题答案分析特别注意1.生僻词注释处2.特殊标点符号-连字符，破折号，括号，引号，冒号等3.数字信息-年代，数量，时间等4.各段段首5.各段段尾6.but转折，because原因，most最高级处等D)Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.关键定位词：internship（生僻词，文中有注释）同义替换：UnitedStates=American,preparethemforglobalcareersofferthemopportunity=givethemchances句子：46Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.D生僻词注释处F)Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.关键定位词：university-based同义替换：governmentencouragethemodelthelinkbetweenAandB=linkAandB53.Aroundtheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.特殊符号：冒号，连字符等Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.….关键定位词：3.9percent同义替换：overthepastthreedecades=sincethemid-1970sLeavinghometostudyabroad=enrollmentofoverseasstudentsGrowatanannualrateof=increaseatanannualrateof句子：47

Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.数字信息处C)Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.定位关键词：twentypercent同义替换：thenewlyhiredprofessorsforeign-born=comefromforeigncountries20percent=twentypercent

50.OfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.数字信息处H)Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.定位关键词：September11同义替换：studentsseekingadmissionto=…applyingtocausedadramaticdecline=decreasedsharplychangesinthevisaprocess51.ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.数字信息处I)

MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.关键定位词：positive,competitiveness同义替换：contributeto=haveapositiveimpactonthreatenAmericancompetitiveness=threatenitscompetitiveness48.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.各段落首句E)Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.定位关键词：thewayresearch;globalization同义替换：thewayresearchisdone=…iscarriedoutreshape=change49.Thewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofglobalization.各段落首句A)Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.关键定位词：globalintegration同义替换：apowerfulforceforglobalintegration54.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.各段落尾句G)Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.定位关键词：funding;unsteady同义替换：supportforresearch=fun