四级阅读讲座分析

大学英语四级

阅读理解——导读韩秀萍命题文章出处：西方报刊杂志如:Economist，Newsweek，Time等…《英语文摘》、《英语世界》等刊出了原文的英汉对照版本。文章特点：1．时效性强。关注近年的时文。

2．结构清晰。问题的数量、顺序与原文对应较好。具体内容：

1社会科学。2社会科学（经济类）。3自然科学（科技类）。4人文科学。如：文化差异、环境气候、社会现象、饮食健康、婚姻、网络、校园、运动、经济….题目设计：Paraphrase---改述

123阅读技巧词意的判断长难句的把握中心句的定位词句篇Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-exalted

schoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow….(2013.12)

higher-level/lower-rank

Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.（2013.06）

develop/conceal阅读技巧之一：词意的判断阅读技巧之一：词意的判断66.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake?（2013.06）Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.Thegendersaremostdivorced

fromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.(2013.12)60.Onwhatissuedomaleandfemaleeconomistsdiffermost?阅读技巧之二：长难句的把握Forsome,thehardshipsoflifewithoutsteadyworkeventuallyoverwhelmedtheirattemptstokeeptheirfamiliestogether.(2012.12)AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency(自满),”thatexplanationdoesn’t

acknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.(2013.06)Gotogreatlengthstodo…不遗余力，千方百计…阅读技巧之二：长难句的把握Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity（肥胖症）assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatand

thereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,”notethetworesearchers.(2012.12)阅读技巧之二：长难句的把握“Incontrast,”theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”(2012.12)建议：查阅语法书，定语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、状语从句等各找一例。阅读技巧之三：中心句的定位

报纸、杂志上的文章往往时效性强、内容比较新颖、前沿。在一篇350词左右的文章中，中心观点往往很明确、集中，但论证往往很充分，并占据大部分的篇幅。先找概述句，再看其他句是否支持此观点。具体论据包括：例子、起因、理由或事实等。阅读技巧之三：中心句的定位

常见论据：Researches/Studiesreveal/show/indicatethat…...Newdata/figures/statistics

showthat…..Researchers….saidthat…..Thereisafact/arefactors/reasons/effects/that…Abook/documentdescribesthat…阅读技巧之三：中心句的定位

Schoolbullieshavebeenaroundaslongastherehavebeenschools.

Studiesrevealseveralreasonswhysomechildrenbecomebullies.

Researchshowsthatacertaincombinationofsizeandpersonalitymaybeonefactor.

Bigger,moreaggressivechildrenaremorelikelytotrytodominatetheirsmaller,quieterpeers.

AnotherfactorlinkedtobullyingisoverexposuretoviolentTVprograms.阅读技巧之三：中心句的定位

Afterfinancialdisastersfamilymembersalsotendtodowhatevertheycantohelpeachotherandtheircommunities.

A1940book,TheUnemployedManandHisFamily,describedafamilyinwhichthehusbandinitiallyreactedtolosinghisjob"withtirelesssearchforwork."Hewasalwaysactive,lookingforoddjobstodo.(2012.06)中心句

例子阅读技巧之三：中心句的定位

1）Theproblemisthatsuchanimpulseishardtosustain.2）Acrossthecountry,manysimilarfamilieswereunabletomaintaintheinitialboostinmorale(士气).

3）Forsome,thehardshipsoflifewithoutsteadyworkeventuallyoverwhelmedtheirattemptstokeeptheirfamiliestogether.

4）Thedivorcerateroseagainduringtherestofthedecadeastherecoverytookhold.

1）中心句2）例子

3）原因

4）结果

阅读技巧之三：中心句的定位Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?第一句有时是下文的铺垫。注意段落中的But,however,yet,so,therefore等词常引出中心观点。

Theshortcomingsoftraditionalprinteditiontextbooksareobvious:Forstartersthey’reheavy,withtheaveragephysicstextbookweighing3.6pounds.They’realsoexpensive,especiallywhenyoufactorintheaveragecollegestudent’slimitedbudget,typicallycostinghundredsofdollarseverysemester.

Buttheworstpartisthatprintversionoftextbooksareconstantlyundergoingrevisions.Manyprofessorsrequirethattheirstudentsuseonlythelatestversionsintheclassroom,essentiallyrenderingoldertextsunusable.Forstudents,itmeansthey’rebasicallystuckwithafourpoundpaper-weightthattheycan’tsellback.(2013.06)阅读技巧之三：中心句的定位测试内容LOGO时长：40分钟测试题型词汇理解长篇阅读仔细阅读选词填空5%匹配10%选择题20%题型介绍SectionA选词填空作为深入阅读的第一道题，选词部分要求考生从十五个单词中选出十个，填在一篇250字(以内）短文的十个空格中，使短文意思完整。鉴于分值只有5分，所以考生最好在5-8分钟之内完成。在保证正确率的前提下速度要尽量快。考察范围：实词

(

n.v.a.adv.)词性分配的基本比例

(2013.06)：名词：3个（2正确答案+1干扰答案）形容词：3个（3正确答案+0个干扰答案）副词：3个（2正确答案+1干扰答案）动词：6个—v-ing2（1正确答案+1干扰答案）

—v原形3（2正确答案+1干扰答案）

—v-ed1（0正确答案+1干扰答案）规律总结：先标出15个选项的词性(

n.v.a.adv.)。注意：一词有多种词性要同时标注。调动语法知识，先确定单词的词性，再去后面的list中找同一词类的选项，根据词义挑出正确答案。回顾检查review（1分钟）速度要快，将答案带入全文，再次通读全文，看所选的答案是否能使全文通畅，情节、推理等是否符合逻辑。解题步骤

:SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

名词：单复数，主谓搭配，中心词与定语从句中谓语搭配，与介词搭配Thereare2.2billioncellphoneusersworldwide,a____thatisgrowingbyabout25%eachyear.(2013.12)characters/messages/totalOtherparticipatingchains,witha____53___ofmenuoptions,includeDenny's,Chili's,Friendly'sandChevy's.(2012.12)variety/items/species/criteria考点举例:形容词：（在句中作前置、后置定语、表语…)Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe___riskofinjury.(2013.06)avoidable/lowest/maximum

Hesatwithalookof____attentiononhisface.fresh/fixed考点举例:注意：由现在分词转换而来的–ing形容词，由过去分词转换而来的-ed形容词，如：charming,appealing,refreshing,chanllenging,embarrassing,overwhelming,demanding,confusing,amazing,convincing,disturbing,alarming,promising…….Interested,puzzled,shocked,married,depressed,qualified,distinguished,unexpected,astonished,confused……副词：（修饰形容词、动词)

注意可用作形容词的副词Finally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.(2013.06)

increasingly/

seriously/brieflyAspartoftheKidsLiveWellcampaign-expectedtobeannounced____54___Wednesday-participatingrestaurantsmustpromisetoofferatleastonechildren'smealthathasfewerthan600calories.(2012.12)

nationwide考点举例:Consumersare____usingtheirphonesforthingsotherthanvoicecalls,suchastextmessaging….(2013.12)increasingly/patiently有些词既可以作形容词，也可作为副词：Leisurely,weekly,yearly,daily,nationwide,worldwide,kindly,deadly--ward:homeward,ouward动词：时态（现在时，过去时，完成时）语态（主动，被动）所充当的句子成分

与介词搭配主谓搭配（原形、现在分词、过去分词、过去式）Peoplewho50atitsfrontdooronthefirstandthirdThursdaysofeachmontharen'tlookingforGod---they're

thereforsomethingtoeat…(2012.06)serves/gather/reviewedIngeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek,51recoverydaysbetweensessions.(2013.06)prevent/determined/allowing考点举例

But__47__acuefromhealthexperts,agroupof19restaurantcompaniesarepledgingtooffermore-healthfulmenuoptionsforchildrenatatimewhen…………...(2012.12)taking/recommendingSectionB长篇阅读原为快速阅读，长度难度不变。1200词左右。题型：10句---段落匹配，非一一匹配。考察角度：信息出处考察能力：快速阅读---跳读、寻读能力。1.浏览10个句子，划出重要信息，记住句意。2.采用寻读、跳读方式，逐段浏览文章，找出意义对等信息。注意：答案位置做标记，方便检查。解题步骤

:SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.规律总结：答案位置：2013年12月四级真题卷三：答案位于段首、段尾：8题答案位于段中：2题2013年12月四级真题卷二：答案位于段首、段尾：7题答案位于段中：3题题干与原文对等程度：完全对等：0题句意信息对等：10题EarlyAmericanhistoryisoneofmovingoutward.(2013.12)ThroughoutAmericanhistorytherehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutward:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,draintheswampsandbuildnewcities.考点举例:Themigrationofoldpeoplefromcoldtowarmplacesmademanyjobsavailabletotheyoung.(2013.12)Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theU.S.hadamildpanicattack.…Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson'smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.考点举例:Unlikeinthepast,acollegedegreealonedoesnotguaranteeagoodjob.Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkerwithoutabachelor'sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-exaltedschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow….考点举例:Americaisbetteratinnovation

thanmostotherrichnations.It'sinallofourintereststomakesurethatasmanypeopleaspossibleareabletomovetowardopportunity,andAmerica'sabilitytoinvestpeopleandmoneyinexcitingnewideasisstillgreater

thanthatofmostotherwealthycountries.考点举例:SectionC仔细阅读两篇350词左右的文章。题型：选择题，每题2分，为四级考试中分值最高的题型。要求:全文阅读，深度思考（Deepreading)1.原文理解：长难句分析、词义判断

2.选项中的干扰项（含强干扰项）解题步骤：1.浏览5个题干，划出重要信息点，便于确定答案位置。2.有侧重地逐句阅读文章，精读涉及选项的部分。3.一一分析选项，排除错误选项。注意：答案位置做标记，方便检查。解题步骤

:SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.

考点举例:侧重与原文句意对等Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?(2013.12)A.Thegenderdevideisabigconcernofthegeneralpublic.B.Menandwomenunderstandeconomicsquitedifferently.C.Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleeconomistsneedtobeclosed.D.Maleandfemaleeconomistsdisagreewidelyoneconomicpolicy.Anewstudyshowsalargegendergaponeconomicpolicyamongthenation’sprofessionaleconomists,adevidesimilartothegenderdevidefoundinthegeneralpublic.考点举例:侧重与原文句意对等57．Intheinitialstage,thecurrenteconomiccrisisislikelyto__________.(2012.06)

A)tearmanytroubledfamiliesapart

B)contributetoenduringfamilyties

C)bringaboutadropinthedivorcerate

D)causealotofconflictsinthefamily考点举例:侧重与原文句意对等Intimesofeconomiccrisis,Americansturntotheirfamiliesforsupport.IftheGreatDepressionisanyguide,wemayseeadropinourskyhighdivorcerate.Butthiswon’tnecessarilyrepresentanincreaseinhappymarriages.Inthelongrun,theDepressionweakenedAmericanfamilies,andthecurrentcrisiswillprobablydothesame.考点举例:侧重与原文句意对等Thegendersaremostdivorcedfromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.(2013.12)60.Onwhatissuedomaleandfemaleeconomistsdiffermost?A)governmentregulationB)jobcreation

C)militaryspendingD)genderequality考点举例:句意分析+词义判断58.IntheGreatDepression,manyunhappycoupleschoosetosticktogetherbecause(2012.06)

A)startinganewfamilywouldbehard

B)theyexpectedthingswouldturnbetter

C)theywantedtobetterprotecttheirkids

D)livingseparatelywouldbetoocostly考点举例:句意分析+词义判断1.WetendtothinkoftheDepression

asatimewhenfamiliespulledtogethertosurvivehugejoblosses.2.By1932,whe