四六级作文讲座

大学英语四六级考试写作讲座四六级写作技巧：作文跑题是写作的大忌，建议大家在动笔前花三五分钟认真审题并列一个提纲，将思路理清。请参考“六问审题法”：1）什么文体？2）写作对象是谁？3）写作中心是什么？4）写作重点是什么？5）采用什么写作角度？6）有无其他要求？3TypesofwritingsExpositoryPersuasiveDescriptiveNarrative4Whatisanexpositoryessay?It……Givesfacts.…Explains.…Givesstepsinaprocess.…Presentsideasinlogicalorderorcorrectsequence.5说明文题型概述1、把对事理的解释、阐述自己观点的文章归类为说明文，目的在于解释，在于使人明白，而议论文则是要读者接受自己的论点或者采纳自己的主张；2、从1990年到2008年，历年六级作文考题中出现18篇说明文，以对社会现象的分析说理为主，解释和探讨各种社会问题产生的原因、危害及解决办法；3、开头部分交代说明对象，其定义、背景或现状，主题段落对其进行详细分析，描述性质、表现、起因、发展、影响或危害，提出解决办法可能是主题部分段落或结尾段落应该说明的内容。6Whatarethekeywordsthatshowitisanexpositoryprompt?Mostpeopleenjoysometypeofmusic.Thinkaboutyourfavoritetypeofmusicandexplainwhyyoulikethatparticulartypeofmusic.Sometimeseventhebestdriverscangetlostattimes.Explainhowyouwoulddirectalostmantogetbacktotheinterstatehighwayfromyourneighborhood.Tellhowtomakeahamburger.YOUWILLFINDTHESEWORDSINTHEPROMPTEXPLAINorTELLHOW.ExpositoryWritingTopicWritingSituation Yourclasshasbeengiventheopportunitytodesignabrandnewtelevisionshowforchildren.Itcouldbeanewsshow,atalkshow,agameshow,acartoon,oranykindofshowyouwantforchildren.DirectionsforWriting Writeareporttobereadtoyourclassinwhichyouexplainyourideaforthenewchildren’stelevisionshow.Besuretoincludespecificdetailssothatyourclassmateswillunderstandwhatthenewshowwillbelike. Thesamplepapersinthissectionwerewritteninresponsetotheexpositorywritingtopic.Studentnameshavebeenremovedforpurposesofprivacy.ExpositoryPaper2ExpositoryPaper2(pagetwo)AnnotationsforExpositoryPaper2Ideas:2InsteadofdescribingwhattheTVshowwillbelike,thiswriterpresentsaseriesofreasonsforwhyanewsshowisimportant.Thesupportingideas(newscansaveyourlife,newsletsyouknowwhat’shappeningintheworld,newsisagoodreasontobuyaTV)wouldbeappropriateforapersuasiveessay,buttheyseemtopreventthewriterfromfullyexplainingthenatureofthe“newsshowforchildren.”Overall,thesupportingideasarevagueandrepetitive.Thepaperlackssufficientinformationabouttheshowtoprovideasenseofcompletenessandaddressreaderconcerns.Intheconclusion,thewriteragaindemonstratesalackofgenreawareness(“that’swhyIdesignanewsshow”).Organization:2Theoverallorganizationalplanisformulaicandnotappropriatetoexpositorywriting.Thewriterrepeatsphrasesfromtheintroductiontostarteachbodyparagraph.Relatedideasaregroupedtogetherinparagraphs,buttransitionsarelimited.Theconclusionrestatesinformationfromtheintroductionandthebodyparagraphs.Style:2Thewordchoiceinthispaperisgenerallysimpleandrepetitive(“Newsshowisgoodthing,”“thatiswhyIsaidnewscansafeyourlife”).Thereisminimalsentencevariety.Thewriterdemonstratessomeaudienceawareness(“Youhavetoknowwhatishappeninginthisentarworld”),buttheoveralltoneisflat.Conventions:1Thepapercontainssevereandfrequentusageerrors(“WhyIhavedesignanewsshow,”“Newscansafesomeonelife,”“Ihavefamilyandfriendinmaneypartoftheworld,”“howtheredoing,”“newsshowisgoodthing”).Therearealsofrequentmisspellings(“reson,”“hurican,”“tander,”“stom,”“waching,”“strages,”“maney,”“exmple,”“entar,”“wach,”“sameting”).Althoughtherearesomecorrectlyformedsentences,therearealsomanyfragmentsandrun-ons.Overall,thewriterlackscontrolofthecomponentsofConventions.ExpositoryPaper3AnnotationsforExpositoryPaper3Ideas:2Thecontrollingidea(HowIwoulddesignatelevisionshowaboutreachingouttopeople)isclear,butonlyminimallydeveloped.Supportingideas(targetaudience,topics,siblings)arelistedbutnotdevelopedwithspecificdetails.Althoughthewritermaintainsfocusontheassignedexpositorytopic,thereisnotenoughinformationtoprovideasenseofcompletenessortoaddressreaderconcerns.(Forexample,onereaderconcernmightbewantingtoknowmoreabouthowcontroversialtopicswouldbehandledappropriatelyforyoungerviewers.)Organization:2Theorganizationalplanisgenerallyappropriatetotheexpositorypurpose,butthereisonlyminimalevidenceofsequencing.Thetwobodyparagraphscouldberearrangedwithoutaffectingthemeaningofthepiece.Ideasinthefirstparagrapharearrangedinameaningfulorder,butideasintheremainingparagraphsarenot.Theintroductioniseffective,buttheconclusionisnot(“thisisallIhavetowriteaboutsoIguesstheseisit.”).Transitionsarerepeated(“Itwould,”“Thiswould.”).Style:2Thetoneofthepaperisflatthroughoutmostoftheresponse,althoughthewriter’scriticalattitudetowardbrothersandsistersisclear.Wordchoiceandsentencestructurearerepetitive;nearlyeverysentencebeginswith“Itwould.”Thereislittlesenseofthewriter’svoiceoutsideoftheparagraphonbrothersandsisters.Thewriterdemonstratesonlylimitedawarenessofaudience.Conventions:2Thewriterdemonstratesminimalcontrolinsentenceformation,usage,andmechanics.Althoughthereareonlytwosentenceerrors(afragmentandarun-on),thereareonlyeightsentencesintheentirepaper.Usageiscorrectbutveryrepetitiveasthewriterusesthesamesimplesubjectandverbforms.Thewriterdemonstratesminimalcontrolofcapitalization,spelling,andformatting(mechanics).Demonstrationofcompetenceislimitedbythebrevityofthepaper.ExpositoryPaper10ExpositoryPaper10(pagetwo)AnnotationsforExpositoryPaper10IdeasScore:5Thecontrollingidea(HowIwoulddesignaquizshowforkids)isfullydevelopedwithsupportingideasthatarerelevanttothewriter’stopicandtheexpositorypurpose.Supportingideas(thecontestants,thecontentofthequestions,thebonusround)arefullyelaboratedwithlogicalexamplesanddetails(thetypesofquestions,howtoearnpoints,theenclosedareainwhichprizestripsareblownbyafan).Theresponsefullyaddressesreaderconcernsbyhelpingthereaderunderstandexactlyhowanepisodeofthequizshowwouldproceed.Organization:5Theoverallorganizationalplanisappropriatetothewriter’stopicandtheexpositorypurpose.Thewritersetsthestagebyexplainingthenecessityofmakinglearningfun.Eachbodyparagraphexplainsbothwhatwilloccurandwhyitwillbeentertainingandeducational.Theconclusionreiteratesthatthisgameshowprovidesaneasier,moremotivatingwaytolearn.Ideasaresequencedlogicallyacrossthepaperasthewritertakesthereaderfromwhatthegamelooksliketothecontentofthegametothecreativewayofdeterminingprizesforthecontestants.Relatedsupportingideasaregroupedtogetherwithinparagraphs.Eachofthewriter’sideasislinkedtoanideathatprecedesit.Style:5Wordchoiceisconsistentlypreciseandvariedthroughoutthepaper(“fundamentalgame,participate,beneficial,comprehensionskills,opportunities,symbolizes,continuousbookword”).Thetechnicallanguageisappropriatetoexpositorywritingandthewriter’stopicofaneducationalgame.Thewriter’sauthoritativetoneissustainedthroughoutthepaperandindicatesanunderstandingofgenre.Thewriterusesavarietyofsentencebeginnings,structures,andlengths.Awarenessofaudienceisalsosustained(“Sincemostkidsdonotenjoygoingtoschoolbecauseofallthestudyingtheymustdoandthecontinuousbookwork,Ihavedevelopedaneasierwaytohelpthemlearn.”).Overall,thewriter’sfullcommandofthecomponentsofStyleisdemonstratedthroughoutthepaper.Conventions:5ThewriterdemonstratesafullcommandofallthreeelementsofConventions.Allsentencesareclearandcorrect.Usageiscorrectandvariedwiththeexceptionofoneunclearpronounreferent(“onwhichtheylanded.”).Mechanicsiscorrectandvariedwithparticularstrengthdemonstratedininternalpunctuation.16Whatisadescriptiveessay?Sensoryimagesareusedtodescribewhatthewritersees,hears,smells,touches,andtastes.Itpaintsacleardescriptionofpeople,places,objects,orevents.17Whatarethekeywordsthatshowitisadescriptiveprompt?Describeyourbedroom.Imaginetellingsomeonewhohasnevervisitedyou.TherearemanytouristspotstovisitinBirmingham.Describeyourfavoriteplace.Youmaywanttotellwhatyouwillsee,hear,smellandhowyoufeelwhenyouarethere.Telluswhatyousee,hear,smell,taste,andfeelonChristmasmorning.YOUMUSTDESCRIBE

ORTELLWHATAPERSONCAN

SEE,HEAR,SMELL,TASTEORFEEL.18Whatisapersuasiveessay?

Youareaskedtoprovesomething.Givereasonswhy.Presentargumentsagainstyourreasons.Showthemtobefalse.TakeastandAskorcallforanaction.19Whatarethekeywordsthatshowit’sapersuasiveprompt?PersuadeaclosefriendtodonatebloodaspartofablooddrivethatyourschoolissponsoringfortheRedCross.Someofyourkidbrothersfriendshavetakenupsmokingandwanthimtostarttoo.Writeaconvincinglettertoyourkidbrothertonottakeupthishabit.WritealettertotheeditorofthenewspapertellingwhycitizensinBirminghamshouldsupportataxincreasebenefitingthelocalpublicschools.YOUWILLNOTICETHEWORDSPERSUADE,CONVINCEORTELLWHYSOMEONESHOULDDOSOMETHING.20Whatisanarrative?Anarrative…Tellsastory.Haschronologicalorder andsequenceof events.Hasaction.Hasconflictsor problems.Hasdialogue.Hascharacters.Hasadefinitebeginning,middleandend.21Whatarethekeywordsthatshowthatthesearenarrativeprompts?

Youandyourfriendfindabigboxthatislabeled“DoNotOpen.”Yourfriendwantstoopenthebox.Writeastoryaboutwhathappensnext.

Tellaboutatimewhenyoumadeaseriousmistake. Twolittlegirlsfoundawalletonthesidewalk.Tellwhathappenednext.

NOTETHEWORDS:WRITEASTORY

orTELLABOUTATIME,or

TELLWHATHAPPENEDNEXT.

作文题目是：HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities提示：（1）目前社会上有不少假冒商品（fakecommodities）。为什么会有这种现象？（2）举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人和社会等的危害。分析如下：1）文体——说明文；2）写作对象——假冒商品；3）写作中心——假冒商品存在的原因及其危害；4）写作重点——剖析假冒商品的属性；5）写作角度——以第三人称（假冒商品）；6）其他要求——时间30分钟，字数120以上。写作技巧：“起、承、转、合”结构：“起”就是开端，文章中常指开头段，有中心句；“承”就是承接，承接上文并加以申述，常指展开部分的讨论；“转”就是转折，从另一方面立论，遇到需转折时常用表示“可是”、“然而”的连接词；“合”就是结尾，给出结论，结束全文，文章中指结尾段。有时文章中可能会没有“转”，但“合”总是有的。Don’tHesitatetoSay“No”

(起)Saying“No”toothersisoftenquitenecessaryandnatural.(承)Whenweareaskedtohelpbutareunableto,wemaysay“No”withexplanationsofreasonsforourrefusal.(转)Butsomepeoplearereluctanttosay“No”whentheyshouldbecausetheydonotwanteithertomakeothersdisappointedorunhappyortoletothersknowoftheirlimitedability.However,theydonotrealizethatnottosay“No”whentheyshouldwillnotonlycausedelayinothers’businessbutalsocauseotherstothinksoonerorlaterthattheyaredistrustfulpersons.(合)Therefore,don’thesitatetosay“No”.英语文章中的起承转合可用连接词来加强联系。在自己的短文中恰当的使用，会使文章读起来逻辑连贯，意义清晰。“起”：atfirst/atpresent/firstofall/firstly/generallyspeaking/aproverbsays/onthewhole/itisclearthat/currently/lately/manypeopleoftenaskthisquestion/ingeneral“承”：forexample/forinstance/forthispurpose/atthesametime/inaddition/indeed/nodoubt/infact/obviously/meanwhile/ofcourse/also/moreover/besides/wemustrecognizethat/similarly/“转”：but/tooursurprise/unfortunately/fortunatelyhowever/ontheotherhand/butitisapitythat/nevertheless/inotherwords/onthecontrary/inthesameway/anyway/afterall/othermayfindthistobetrue,butI…“合”：asaresult/asIhavesaid/atlast/finally/inbrief/inshort/onthewhole/therefore/tosumup/accordingly/aboveall/consequently/eventually/allinall/inaword/inconclusion/ashasbeennoted如何开篇：1．引言部分要引出主题，确立论点。2．正文部分是分析问题。每一个正文段落一般包括主题句和展开句。主题句一般放在句首，写成简单句，句子尽量清楚、简洁；展开句须围绕主题句展开阐述，可用列举法列出相关事实和理由，或用举例法进一步说明。写展开句时要注意使用衔接词和短语，必要时可在最后一句总结全段的主要内容。29Introductionsforexpository,descriptiveandpersuasiveessaysshould….Grabthereader’sattention.Or--Letthereaderknowwhatyou’regoingtotalkabout.Or--Showaplanforwhatyou’regoingtobetalking aboutinthethreebodyparagraphs.Or--Statewhattheaudiencewilllearninthis essay.30SampleIntroduction

AlthoughIhavetakenmanywonderfulvacations,mytripwithmytwobestfriendstoNewYorkCityisoneI’llalwaysremember.Thiswasafantastictripbecauseofthesightswesaw,thepeoplewemet,theplaysweenjoyed,andthelaughsweshared.What’stheplan?What’sthetopic?Eachpartoftheplanwillbedevelopedintoparagraphs.31Introduction Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhatarethegoodandthebadthingsinseventhgrade?Therearegoodthingslikechangingclassesandmorefreedom.Someofthebadthingsareyouhavetostayinschoollonger,youhaveSATtests,andtestsgetharder.StaywithmeasIexplainthegoodandbadthingsaboutbeingintheseventhgrade.(1)主题句TopicSentenceAtopicsentencestatesthemainideaofaparagraph.Itnotonlynamesthetopic(who,what)oftheparagraph,butalsolimitsthetopictooneortwoareasthatcanbediscussedcompletelyinthespaceofasingleparagraph.Thespecificareaiscalledthecontrollingidea.Thecontrollingideaisusuallyindicatedbyasinglewordoraphraseinthetopicsentence.Acontrollingideahelpsawriterbyremindinghimorheratalltimestokeeptothecentralideaasheorshewritesaparagraph.e.g.主题句应是可扩展句，它既要具有概括性，又要有具体的、标明主题导向的关键词语。Televisionplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Televisioncanplayaneducationalroleinourdailylife.Computersareveryuseful.Computersareusefulinmanyrespects.Computershavealotofuses2023/2/135Example-1Gold,apreciousmetal,isprizedfortwoimportantcharacteristics.

Topic:gold

Controllingidea:twoimportantcharacteristics2023/2/136Inthesupportingsentences,twocharacteristicsareintroduced.Firstofall,goldhasalustrous

有光泽的beautythatisresistanttocorrosion.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofgoldisitsusefulnesstoindustryandscience.2023/2/137Example-2Therearefourseasonsinayear.Topic:SeasonsControllingideas:fourkindsofseasons2023/2/138Example-3Industrializationhasbroughtusmanybenefitsaswellasenvironmentaltragedies.Topic:IndustrializationControllingideas:benefitsaswellasenvironmentaltragedies2023/2/139Example-4Thestudentsintheclasscomefrommanydifferentpartsoftheworld.Topic:ThestudentsintheclassControllingideas:frommanydifferentpartsoftheworld.大学英语四六级考试写作采用最多的文体是说明文与议论文，下面是写这两种文章时的常用开篇句型：（1） Whenitcomesto…,somepeoplethinkthat….Othersthinkthattheoppositeistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthinbothargumentsbut…（2） Whenaskedabout…,themajorityofpeoplesaythat…,butothersregard…as…（3） Thereisageneraldiscussionabout….Thosewhocriticize…arguethat….Theybelievethat….Butpeoplewhoadvocate…,ontheotherhand,arguethat…（4） Now,itiscommonlybelievedthat….Theyclaimthat….ButIwonderwhether…（5） Withthegeneralrecognition…,moreandmorepeoplebelievethat….（6） Inrecentfewyears,thereisasharpincreaseinthenumber…（7） Recentlythereisageneralattitudethat…（8） Oneofthegreatwritersoncesaidthat…,nowmostofusagreewithit.（9） Peopleusedtothinkthat….Inthepast….Butthingsarequitedifferent.（10）Accordingtoarecentrecord,itcanbelearnedthat…(2)展开句supportingsentences要想写好展开句，一个常用的方法就是在句子展开之前加以设问，然后解答。例：Topicsentence:Englishisaninternationallanguage设问（why）:WhycanwesayEnglishisaninternationallanguage?解答（because）:－becauseEnglishisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.－becauseover70percentoftheworld’smailiswritteninEnglish.－becausemorethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogramsareinEnglish.下面是扩展文章主体时常用的句型：（1） Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanycomplexfactors.Foronething,….Stillanother….（2） Myreasonmaybeexpressedasfollows.（3） Theopinionmaybesupportedbydata….（4） Thereisnobetterillustrationofthepointthantheexampleof…（5） Althoughitiscommonlyheldthat…,itisunlikelytobetruethat…（6） Goodasthisis,…ithasitsowndisadvantages.Foronething,….Foranother,…（7） Thereisabsolutelynoreasonforustobelievethat…（8） Somepeoplesuggestthat….Butwhatthesepeoplefailtounderstandisthat….(3)结尾句concludingsentence结尾部分应与首段相呼应，但要换个句型或方法来表达，避免与首段简单重复。1） 总结式① Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelyarriveattheconclusionthat….② Inconclusion,Iwouldliketosaythat…isaquestionthatdeservesspecialattentionfromthepublic.③ Therefore,wecandrawthefollowingconclusions…2)展望式① Obviously,ifwecan’tchangethesituation,thereiseverychancethat…willbeputindanger.② Itishightimethat….Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedoneimmediately.③ Anyway,whetheritdoesusgoodorharm,itiscertainthatitwillundoubtedly….④ Ifwewanttoachieveoursuccess,wecanlearnfromthewordsofBacon….That’stosay,agoodparagraphshouldhaveatopicsentence,inwhichcontrollingideaisveryimportant.Othersentencesintheparagraphshoulddevelopthemainideaandshouldbeorganizedinalogicalmannerandfollowadefiniteplanofdevelopment.Theformationofaparagraphisalsoworthmentioning.Generallyspeaking,acompleteparagraphshouldincludethreeparts:anintroductionsentence,abodyandaconcludingsentence.Butinreality,manyatimethereisnota“concludingsentence”,especiallyoneparagraphinalongstoryoressay.SummaryAR_WritingPractice_2.1ABriefIntroductionWehadawonderfulvacation!(1)Wevisitedmygrandparents’homefortheholiday.(2)Therewemetallmycousins,aunts,anduncles.(3)Weategoodfoodandplayedalot.(4)Wewentshoppingandsightseeing.(5)Ididn’tfeellikecomingback!(6)Sentence(1)isatopicsentence.Thecontrollingideais“wonderful”.Therefore,insentences(2),(3),(4)and(5),theauthordevelopsthiscontrollingideabymeansofprovidingdetails.Thelastsentenceservesasaconcludingsentence.Inthiswayhedevelopsthisparagraphlogically,coherentlyandcompletely.ParagraphDevelopment四六级作文常见的形式1.立论式2.对比式3.图表作文1.立论式: 开篇：第一段(两句)句子一：写出文章所要围绕的大致话题句子二：确立文章主题 论述：第二段(七句)句子三：引出作者持有此观点的理由句子四：理由1句子五：支持理由1的细节1句子六：支持理由1的细节2句子七：理由2句子八：支持理由2的细节1句子九：支持理由2的细节2 总结：第三段（一句）句子十：总结句——与文章主题相呼应(1)MyViewon…题型:公说公有理，婆说婆有理，许多话题永远争论不休。四六级写作考得最多的就是这种题型。例如：1.失败是常有的事，2.人们对失败有各种不同的态度，3.我对失败的态度。套路1：Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson…Itisheldthat…Butitisalsoheldthat…Thosewhoholdthefirstopinion…Incontrast,thosewhoholdthesecondview…Astome,Iagreewiththelatteropinion.Admittedly,…butthisisnottosaythat…套路2：People’sviews/ideas/opinionson…varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthat…Theyholdthisopinionbecause…However,othersholdthat…Astome,Iaminfavorofthefirst/secondidea.Thefollowingarethereasonsformychoice/personalinclination.First,whileitistruethat…itdoesn’tmeanthat…Besides,…Admittedly,…butthisisnottosaythat…Therefore/Inaword/Allinall,…套路3：Whenaskedaboutatheme,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions…isnoexception.Somepeopletakeitforgranted/think/believethat…However,othersholdthat…AsfarasIamconcerned,I’minfavorofthesecondview.Thereasonsareasfollows.First,thereisanelementtruththat…Therefore,thefirstviewdoesn’tholdwater/cannotbearmuchanalysis/cannotstanduptocloseexamination.Inconclusion…(2)Howto…题型:四六级考试考过“怎样才能实现绿化”、“我是如何克服英语学习中所遇到的困难的”、“我怎么为我理想的职业做准备”等等，这样的立论式作文可以遵循以下的套路：…Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall,…Besides,/Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemof…is…Finally,…Thesearenotthebestandtheonlythreemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakestrongactionsto…(3)Why…题型:四六级写作考原因的也比较多，例如，“为什么自行车在中国这样普及”、“我参加CET－6考试的理由”等等。要说明原因，可用如下两种套路：套路1：…Therearemanyreasons/causesfor…,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Foronething,…Foranother,…Perhapstheprimereason/causeisthat…Inoneword,…套路2：Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor/contributeto/responsibleforthereasonwhy…,butthefollowingarethemosttypicallones.First,…Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Inaddition/What’smore,…Mostimportantofall/Aboveall,…Allinall/Inconclusion,…MyViewonDonatingBloodPeople’sviewsondonatingbloodvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthatitisglorioustodonateblood.Theyholdthisviewbecausethosewhoareinurgentneedofbloodcanbesaved.Butothersholdthatitisfoolishforpeopletodonateblood.Intheiropinion,bloodisverypreciousandlosing200mlormoremaydoharmtotheirhealth.Astome,Iagreewiththefirstopinion.Thereasonsofmychoiceareasfollows.First,whileitistruethatlossoftoomuchbloodisdangeroustoone’shealth,itdoesn’tmeanthatdonatingalittlebloodisalsoharmful.Onthecontrary,doctorssaythatdonatingalittlebloodcanpromotemetabolism.Second,therearemanypeoplewhoneedourhelp.Ifmylittlebloodcanpullbacksomebodyonthewaytodeath,willtherebeanythingthatcanmakemeevenhappier?Therefore,donatingbloodisglorious.HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficWiththeboomingofthemotorindustry,thereareanincreasingnumberofvehiclesontheroads.Asaresult,trafficjamsoftenoccur.Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall,roadsshouldbebroadenedtolowerthedegreeofcongestionandtospeeduptheflowofheavytraffic.Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemofheavytrafficistoopenupmorebusroutestoreducebicyclesandautomobiles.Finally,moreundergroundpassagesshouldbedevelopedsothatpeoplecancommutebymetro.Thesearenotthebestandtheonlythreewayswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatifthegovernmenttakessomeactionstoalleviatethetrafficproblem,allofuscanenjoymorefreetraffic.WhyAreThereSoManyRuralLaborersinShanghai?Nowadays,rurallaborersfloodinShanghai.Menusuallymakealivingbydecoratinghousesforcity-dwellers.Womenusuallyworkintherestaurant,washingbowlsandplates.Someofthemalsoworkinstate-runfactories,undertakingtheworkcity-dwellersareunwillingtodo.Therearemanyreasonsforthissocialphenomenon,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Foronething,perhapstheyareshortofmoneyandwanttoearnsomemoneyinShanghaitocopewiththeirdifficulties.Foranother,theyfinditeasiertomakealivinginShanghaithaninthecountryside.PerhapstheprimereasonisthattheyadmiretheurbanlifeandwanttoliveinShanghaipermanently.Fromtheabove,theruralpopulationisgettingbiggerandbiggerinShanghaiandithascausedserioussocialproblems.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestorestricttheruralpopulationinShanghai.2.对比式开篇:第一段:(两句)

句子一：写出文章所要围绕的大致话题;

句子二：写出两种不同观点。论述：第二段：（三句） 句子三：写出正方观点的理由； 句子四：支持正方理由的细节1

句子五：支持正方理由的细节2

第三段：（三句）句子六：写出反方观点的理由； 句子七：支持反方理由的细节1

句子八：支持反方理由的细节2总结：第四段：（两句） 句子九：明确作者的观点； 句子十：总结句—语气中一观点相呼应，强化主题。（1） AdvantagesandDisadvantagesof…题型事物总是一分为二的。四六级写作题目中有许多涉及某一事物的正反两方面。例如：“运动的积极因素与消极因素”、“摩托车的优点与缺点”等。凡涉及到利弊的题目时可用以下的套路：Nowadays,…play(s)animportantpart/rolein…(is/arepopulararoundus).Likeeverythingelse,…has/havebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.First,….Besides,….Mostimportantofall,…Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,….Tomakemattersworse/worstofall,…Throughaboveanalysis,Ibelievethattheadvantages/positiveaspectsoutweighthedisadvantages/negativeones.Therefore,…(2)AorB题型人生面临着许多抉择，这在四六级写作题目中也反映了出来。如：“始终从事一种工作还是经常更换工作”、“有选择的读书还是博览群书”。碰到这种“两者选一”的题目，可运用下列套路：套路1：Whenwe/you…,we/youwillbefacedwiththechoicebetweenAandB.beforemakingtherightchoice,we/youhadbettermakeaclosecomparisonandcontrastofthem.Firstofall,A….Also,b….Second,A….Likewise,B….Despitetheirsimilarities.AandBarealsodifferentinthefollowingaspects.First,A….However,B….Besides,A….Onthecontrary,B…Therefore,itdependswhich…we/youshouldchoose.Ifwe/you…,we/youshouldchooseA;butifwe/you…,we/youshouldturntoB.套路二：Whenwe…,itisinevitabletomeetthechoicebetweenAandB.Wewouldberegardedasinconsiderateifwerushedourdecisionwithoutcomparingorcontrastingthem.First/Firstofall/Tobeginwith,bothAandB…A….However,B….Besides/Moreover/Inaddition/what’smore,A….However/Incontrast/Onthecontrary/Ontheotherhand,…Finally,themoststrikingdifferenceisthatA…whileB….Therefore,itisnotdifficulttomakearightchoicenow.ifwe…wewillchooseA;butifwe…wewillturntoB.Inaword,thekeyliesin…

OnComputerNowadays,computersareverypopulararoundus.Likeeverythingelse,computershavebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagesandbelistedasfollows.First,computerscancalculate.Theycanmakeworkmoreefficientfortheyhaveahighspeedofcalculation.Besides,peoplecancommunicatewitheachotherbyE-mail,whichcostspeoplelessmoneyandlesstime.Mostimportantofall,computerscreatewidecommunicationaroundtheworld.Peoplecancommunicate