大学英语英国文学Robert Browning

RobertBrowning

(1812-1889)RobertBrowning

(1812-1889)Browning'sCareerBrowning'sMarriageBrowning’sWorksPauline

modelingonShelley’spersonalstyle,showedhisenthusiasmforShelley.Sordello(1834-1840)alongpoemaboutthe13thcenturytroubadour(游吟诗人)ofthatname.

Paracelsus(1835)firstworkpublishedunderBrowning’sownname.Becauseofit,ThomasNoonTalfourdpraisedhimas“theyoungestpoetofEngland”.Porphyria’sLover(1836)hisfirstreallydistinctivemonologue.PippaPasses(1841)isthefirstofaseriesofpoemspublishedbetween1841and1846underthegenerlof“BellsandPomegranates”.Browning’sWorksMyLastDuchess

Browning’sbestknowndramaticmonologue.ItisaspeechaddressedbytheDukeofFerrara(acityinItaly)toanenvoywhocomestonegotiatetheDuke’scontemplatedmarriageafterhehasputhis“lastduchess”tosilence.DramaticLyrics(1842)DramaticRomancesandLyrics(1845)BellsandPomegranatesMenandWomen(1855)DramaticPersonae(1864)TheRingandtheBook(1868-1869)Browning'sMarriagePippaPasses

isthefirstofaseriesofpoemspublishedbetween1841and1846underthegeneraltitleofBellandPomegranates.ThesepoemsattractedtheattentionofMissElizabethBarrett,awell-knownpoetessofthetime,whopraisedBrowninginoneofherpoems:

"OrfromBrowningsomepomegranatewhich,ifcutdeepdownthemiddle,Showsaheartwithinblood-tincturedofaveinedhumanity."Browningwasencouragedtowritealetterofthanks,hintingawishtobepermittedtovisither.Thusbeganaloveaffairbetweenthesetwopoets,whichhasbecomeafamousstoryinEnglishliteraryhistory.Browning’sMarriage

ElizabethBarrettBrowningElizabethBarrettBrowning(1806-1861)bornin1806inarichfamily.becameahelplessinvalidconfinedtoherownroomwhenshewas15.Browning'sMarriageElizabethBarrettBrowningwhenshewas13,herfatherpublishedprivatelywhatshecalledher"greatepic",TheBattleofMarathon.At20,shepublishedhersecondvolumnofpoems.HertranslationoftheGreektragedyPrometheusBoundappearedin1833.InthesameyearherfamilymovedtoLondon,whereshemadefriendswithWordsworthandotherwriters.You’llLoveMeYet你终将爱我You'lllovemeyet!—andIcantarryYourlove'sprotractedgrowing:Junerear'dthatbunchofflowersyoucarry,FromseedsofApril'ssowing.Iplantaheartfulnow:someseedAtleastissuretostrike,Andyield—whatyou'llnotpluckindeed,Notlove,but,maybe,like.You'lllookatleastonlove'sremains,Agrave'soneviolet:Yourlook?—thatpaysathousandpains.What'sdeath?You'lllovemeyet!你总有爱我的一天，我能等着你的爱慢慢地长大。你手里提的那把花，不也是四月下的种子，六月开的吗？如今我在心里撒满爱的种子，至少有一两粒会发芽罢。然后开花了，你也不会去采的。没有爱，至少，会有点喜欢罢。你总会看一眼，我坟头的紫罗兰。那一眼，抵了我万千烦恼。死又怎样？你总有爱我的一天。

你总有爱我的一天

——

［英］罗伯特·勃朗宁我能等着你的爱慢慢的长大。你手里提的那把花，不也是四月下的种子，六月开吗？我如今种下满心窝的种子，至少总有一两粒生根发芽，开的花是你不要采的——不是爱，也许是一点喜欢吧。我坟前开的一朵紫罗兰——爱的遗迹——你总会瞧他一眼；你那一眼吗？抵得我千般苦恼了。死算什么？你总有爱我的一天。HowdoIlovethee?Letmecounttheways.我究竟怎样爱你，让我细数端详：Ilovetheetothedepthandbreadthandheight我爱你直到我灵魂所及的深度、广度和高度，Mysoulcanreach,whenfeelingoutofsight恰似我的灵魂飞到了九天与黄泉，FortheendsofBeingandidealGrace.去探索人生的奥密和神灵的恩典。Ilovetheetothelevelofeveryday's无论是白昼还是夜晚，我爱你不息，Mostquietneed,bysunandcandlelight.像我每日必需的摄生食物不能间断。Ilovetheefreely,asmenstriveforRight;我自由地爱你，就象男子们为正义而斗争；SonnetsfromthePortugueseIlovetheepurely,astheyturnfromPraise.我纯洁地爱你，不为奉承吹捧迷惑，Ilovetheewiththepassionputtouse我爱你，用的是我在昔日的悲伤里Inmyoldgriefs,andwithmychildhood'sfaith.用过的那种激情，以及童年的忠诚IlovetheewithaloveIseemedtolose爱你用的爱，我本以为我早就失去Withmylostsaints,-Ilovetheewiththebreath,（与我失去的圣徒一同），我爱你用的笑容、Smiles,tears,ofallmylife!-and,ifGodchoose,眼泪、呼吸和生命！只要上帝允许：Ishallbutlovetheebetterafterdeath.在我死后，我只会爱你更加深情！SonnetsfromthePortuguese“Growoldwithme,thebestisyettobe.”DramaticMonologue Dramaticmonologueinpoetry,alsoknownasapersonapoem,sharesmanycharacteristicswithatheatricalmonologue:anaudienceisimplied;thereisnodialogue;andthepoetspeaksthroughanassumedvoice—acharacter,afictionalidentity,orapersona.

Browningregardingdramaticmonologues:“Mystressliesintheincidentsinthedevelopmentofthesoul:littleelseisworthstudy.”Keypoints:self-exposure&psychologicalportrayalWhatistheStereotypesoftheEra?Free,open,andnaturalexpressionofemotionsisquintessentiallyRomantic,whereasCourtesy,modesty,reserve,repression,(抑制)containment,（含蓄）composure,（谨慎）artifice,（诡计）andsecrecyarequintessentiallyVictorian.FeaturesoftheEraVictoria’sSecret“Victoria’sSecret”ismeanttocaptureanironyinVictorian“modesty”.Forexample,effortstocoverup,dressup,orhidenuditycanmerelyaccentuatethethoughtofit;lacecoveringsareveryVictorian.VOnVictorianFashionandModesty:Thenecklinewashighexceptforevenings:asC.W.Cunningtonremarks,'Thehighwatermarkofmodestywouldebbaftersunsetsomesixinches!'(AHandbookofEnglishCostumeinthe19thCentury).Notetheappearanceofsomecoveredwristsandsomegloves.“Victoria’sSecret”Browning’s“MyLastDuchess”exemplifyrepression.Thespeakersdon’tquitetellitthewayitis,butthereaders,likeFreud,caninterpretwhat’swrongwiththespeakers.ReadbetweenthelinesProbeintothedepth曲折隐晦欲说还休Aretheresomelisteners?Howdoyouknowit?WhoistheDukeofFerraratalkingtointhepoem?WhyishisguestvisitingtheDukeofFerrara?WhopaintedthepictureoftheDuke’slatewife?Questions墙上的这幅画是我的前公爵夫人，看起来就像她活着一样。如今，我称它为奇迹：潘道夫画师的手笔经一日忙碌，从此她就在此站立。你愿坐下看看她吗？我有意提起潘道夫，因为外来的生客（例如你）凡是见了画中描绘的面容、那真挚的眼神的深邃和热情，没有一个不转向我（因为除我外再没有别人把画上的帘幕拉开），似乎想问我可是又不大敢问；是从哪儿来的——这样的眼神？你并非第一个人回头这样问我。先生，不仅仅是她丈夫的在座使公爵夫人面带欢容，可能潘道夫偶然说过：“夫人的披风盖住她的手腕太多，”或者说：“隐约的红晕向颈部渐渐隐没，这绝非任何颜料所能复制。”这种无聊话，却被她当成好意，也足以唤起她的欢心。她那颗心——怎么说好呢？——要取悦容易得很，也太易感动。她看到什么都喜欢，而她的目光又偏爱到处观看。先生，她对什么都一样！她胸口上佩戴的我的赠品，或落日的余光；过分殷勤的傻子在园中攀折给她的一枝樱桃，或她骑着绕行花圃的白骡——所有这一切都会使她同样地赞羡不绝，或至少泛起红晕。她感激人．好的！但她的感激（我说不上怎么搞的）仿佛把我赐她的九百年的门第与任何人的赠品并列。谁愿意屈尊去谴责这种轻浮举止？即使你有口才（我却没有）能把你的意志给这样的人儿充分说明：“你这点或那点令我讨厌。这儿你差得远，而那儿你超越了界限。”即使她肯听你这样训诫她而毫不争论，毫不为自己辩解，——我也觉得这会有失身份，所以我选择绝不屈尊。哦，先生，她总是在微笑，每逢我走过；但是谁人走过得不到同样慷慨的微笑？发展至此，我下了令：于是一切微笑都从此制止。她站在那儿，像活着一样。请你起身，客人们在楼下等。我再重复一声：你的主人——伯爵先生闻名的大方足以充分保证：我对嫁妆提出任何合理要求都不会遭拒绝；当然，如我开头声明的，他美貌的小姐才是我追求的目标。别客气，让咱们一同下楼吧。但请看这海神尼普顿在驯服海马，这是件珍贵的收藏，是克劳斯为我特制的青铜铸像MyLastDuchess

Inthispoem,Browningcreatesacharacterofchillingcoldnessandcruelty.ThespeakerisaDukewhoisconductingnegotiationsforabride,anewduchess.Heistalkingwiththerepresentativesofpotentialfatherinlaw.Almostcasually,heshowsthemthepictureofthelastduchesswhomhehadkilledbecausehecouldnotdominateher.Imaginethisscene…AstatelyhomeArich,devastatinglyhandsomeDuke,flowingdarkhair,brightblueeyes,avelvetjacket,anornatelyembroideredwaistcoatwithgoldbuttons,awalkingcaneadornedwithjewels.Anenvoy–amansenttomeettheDuke–alesserman,smartlydressedbutdoesnothavetheDuke’smoneyorcharismaandtheDukeknowsit.TheDuketakestheenvoyaroundhishometoshowoffhisartcollection,includingaportraitofhislatewife,theLastDuchess.ThepictureiskepthiddenBehindacurtainWheretheDukecanenjoyitbyhimselfRobertBrowning’s“MyLastDuchess”(1842)Acontemporarypaintingofa“VictorianPortrait”(NiagraArtCollection)Otherdepictionsoftheduchess:QuestionsWhyistheDuchessnotsmilinginthepainting?FerraraThat’smylastDuchesspaintedonthewall,Lookingasifshewerealive.IcallThatpieceawonder,now:Immediatesenseofhimowninghispreviouswife.Implieshewaslesssatisfiedwhenshewasalive.Shehasbecomemerelya‘piece’ofart.TheDukeofFerrarawasarealhistoricalperson墙上的这幅画是我的前公爵夫人，看起来就像她活着一样。如今，我称它为奇迹：

Thenameofthearitist.QuestiontotheenvoywhohasbeensentbyacountwhowishestheDuketomarryhisdaughter.Verbimpliessheisalive.FraPandolf’shandsWorkedbusilyaday,andthereshestands.Will’tpleaseyousitandlookather?Isaid‘FraPandolf’bydesign,潘道夫画师的手笔经一日忙碌，从此她就在此站立。你愿坐下看看她吗？我有意提起潘道夫，

forneverreadStrangerslikeyouthatpicturedhercountenance,Thedepthandpassionofitsearnestglance,Powerfulandemotivelanguage.Highlightshowstronglyhebelievesnoonebutahusbandshouldseesuchfeelinginhereyes.因为外来的生客（例如你）凡是见了画中描绘的面容、那真挚的眼神的深邃和热情，

Buttomyselftheyturned(sincenoneputsbyThecurtainIhavedrawnforyou,butI)Andseemedastheywouldaskme,iftheydurstHowsuchaglancecamethere;

Sinisterasideinbrackets.Shedoesn’tlookatanyoneelsewiththosepassionateeyesbecausehedoesn’tallowanyoneelsetolookatthepicture.Durst=dareto.没有一个不转向我（因为除我外再没有别人把画上的帘幕拉开），似乎想问我可是又不大敢问；是从哪儿来的——这样的眼神

so,notthefirstAreyoutoturnandaskthus.Sir,‘twasnotHerhusband’spresenceonly,calledthatspotOfjoyintotheDuchess’cheek:

ItwasnotjusttheDukewholookedatherandmadeherblush.‘Spotofjoy’=blushing.你并非第一个人回头这样问我。先生，不仅仅是她丈夫的在座使公爵夫人面带欢容，

perhapsFraPandolfchancedtosay‘Hermantlelaps‘Overmylady’swristtoomuch,’or‘Paint‘Mustneverhopetoreproducethefaint‘Half-flushthatdiesalongherthroat:’

SpeechmarksindicateDukeisimaginingthecomplimentstheartistpaidtheDuchess.Mantle=shawl.可能潘道夫偶然说过：“夫人的披风盖住她的手腕太多，”或者说：“隐约的红晕向颈部渐渐隐没，这绝非任何颜料所能复制。”

suchstuffWascourtesy,shethought,andcauseenoughForcallingupthatspotofjoy.ShehadAheart–howshallIsay?–toosoonmadeglad,Tooeasilyimpressed;

PunctuationindicatesDukeissearchingforpolitewayofexpressinghisdiscontentatherbehaviour.Repetitionhighlightshowhefeelsshewastooeasilypleased.

这种无聊话，却被她当成好意，也足以唤起她的欢心。她那颗心——怎么说好呢？——要取悦容易得很，也太易感动。

shelikedwhate’erShelookedon,andherlookswenteverywhere.Sir,‘twasallone!Myfavouratherbreast,ThedroppingofthedaylightintheWest,

Shetookpleasureineverythingshesaw.Hisattentiontoher.

Sunset,imageironicallymademorebeautifulbyuseofalliteration.Exclamationmarkshowshisangerthatshetookasmuchpleasureinhimaseverythingelse.她看到什么都喜欢，而她的目光又偏爱到处观看。先生，她对什么都一样！她胸口上佩戴的我的赠品，或落日的余光

TheboughofcherriessomeofficiousfoolBrokeintheorchardforher,thewhitemuleSherodearoundtheterrace–allandeachWoulddrawfromheraliketheapprovingspeech,Orblush,atleast.

Bough=bunchOfficious=givingservicethatisn’twanted,doingmorethanisrequired.Mule=horse.

Sheblushesandthankseveryoneandeverything.

过分殷勤的傻子在园中攀折给她的一枝樱桃，或她骑着绕行花圃的白骡——所有这一切都会使她同样地赞羡不绝，或至少泛起红晕。Otherthingsthatwereonequalimportancewere:Asunset.“Theboughofcherries”“thewhitemulesherodewithroundtheterrace”

Shethankedmen,-good!but

thanked–Somehow–Iknownothow–asifsherankedMygiftofanine-hundred-years-oldnameWithanybody’sgift.Who’dstooptoblameThissortoftrifling?

Stoop=tobenddown;hefeelshewouldhavetolowerhimselftotolerateheroverlyfriendlyactions.Dashesindicateagainhisdispleasureandincredulityatherbehaviour.Hecomesfromanancientandnoblefamily.Sheshouldbehonouredtobemarriedtohim.

她感激人．好的！但她的感激（我说不上怎么搞的）仿佛把我赐她的九百年的门第与任何人的赠品并列。谁愿意屈尊去谴责这种轻浮举止？

EvenhadyouskillInspeech–(whichIhavenot)–tomakeyourwillQuitecleartosuchaone,andsay,‘Justthis‘Orthatinyoudisgustsme;hereyoumiss,‘Orthereexceedthemark’

YetnarrativehassofardemonstratedheISaskilledspeaker.Strongemotionalreaction.Speechmarksindicatethedirectinstructionshemighthavetriedtogiveher.

即使你有口才（我却没有）能把你的意志给这样的人儿充分说明：“你这点或那点令我讨厌。这儿你差得远，而那儿你超越了界限。”

–andifsheletHerselfbelessonedso,notplainlysetHerwitstoyours,forsoothandmadeexcuse,E’enthenwouldbesomestooping;andIchooseNevertostoop.

IfshewaspreparedtobetaughtthecorrectwayforaDuchesstobehave.Repetitionofsamewordfromline34reinforceshowhefeelsitwouldbebeneathhimtotryandcorrecther.

即使她肯听你这样训诫她而毫不争论，毫不为自己辩解，——我也觉得这会有失身份，所以我选择绝不屈尊。

Ohsir,shesmiled,nodoubt,Whene’erIpassedher;butwhopassedwithoutMuchthesamesmile?Thisgrew;Igavecommands;Thenallsmilesstoppedtogether.

Rhetoricalquestion–theenvoyisnotexpectedtorespondortrytojustifytheDuchess’actions.Semicolonsseparateshort,powerfulclauses.Alliterationhighlightscalmandchillingwayhediscussesherdeath.

哦，先生，她总是在微笑，每逢我走过；但是谁人走过得不到同样慷慨的微笑？发展至此，我下了令：于是一切微笑都从此制止。

ThereshestandsAsifalive.Will’tpleaseyourise?We’llmeetThecompanybelow,then.

Reinforcesthatsheoncewasalive,andisnowdeadsolelyathisinstruction.Asinline5,thepoliteinvitationisactuallyacommand.她站在那儿，像活着一样。请你起身，客人们在楼下等。

Irepeat,

TheCountyourmaster’sknownmunificenceIsamplewarrantthatnojustpretenceOfminefordowrywillbedisallowed;Thoughhisfairdaughter’sself,asIavowedAtstarting,ismyobject.

Extremegenerosity.Dowry=theamountpaidbythebride’sfamilytothegroom.Hewon’tpretendheisn’tpersuadedbythemoney.

Thoughhemaintainsheisfarmorepersuadedbythebeautyofthegirlherself.

Hemadehislastwifeintoan‘object’.

我再重复一声：你的主人——伯爵先生闻名的大方足以充分保证：我对嫁妆提出任何合理要求都不会遭拒绝；当然，如我开头声明的，他美貌的小姐才是我追求的目标。

Nay,we’llgoTogetherdown,sir.NoticeNeptune,though,Tamingasea-horse,thoughtararity,WhichClausofInnsbruckcastinbronzeforme.

Powerfulgodofthesea.Verbimpliesdominanceandcontrol.

Another‘object’thathehadmade,likehislastwife.

别客气，让咱们一同下楼吧。但请看这海神尼普顿在驯服海马，这是件珍贵的收藏，是克劳斯为我特制的青铜铸像。2.Characteranalysis:1).Thedukeproud,possessive,cruel,despotic,jealous,hypocritical,selfish,narrow-minded;aloverofthearts2).Theduchessgentle,kind,beautiful,noble-minded,democratic;3).EmissaryoftheCountofTyrol:hasnospeakingrole;simplylistensastheDukeofFerraratellshimaboutthelateDuchessofFerraraandthefrescoofheronthewall.Historically,theemissaryisidentifiedwithNikolausMadruz,ofInnsbruck,Austria.3.ThePortraitoftheDuchess

TheportraitofthelateDuchessofFerraraisafresco,atypeofworkpaintedinwatercolorsdirectlyonaplasterwall.Theportraitsymbolizestheduke'spossessiveandcontrollingnatureinasmuchastheduchesshasbecomeanartobjectwhichheownsandcontrols.3.Discrepancybetweenthed