大学英语综合教程4 第1单元

UnitoneFightingWiththeForcesofNature

Detailedreadingfrompara3-11Pleasenotedowntheimportantinformationaccordingtotheoutlinebelow.thebeginingofwar

timethenumberofsoldiersexpectationthefirstbattletimeplacecasualtywhereisSmolenskthesecondbattletimeplacecasualtythethirdbattleInthespringof1812;600,000;fiveweeks;Nemanriver(Russiansrefusedtostandandfight)InAugust;atSmolensk;10,000deadoneachside(facedwithacrucialdecisonwhethertopursue)InSep.;atBorodino;112kilometerswestofMoscow;30,000Frenchand44,000RussianslaydeadorwoundedclearpathtoMoscow;offeratruce;inOct.;retreat;minus4degreescelsiusinNov.;firstsnow;BerezinaRiver;50,000friendlyremindersefficient/confidentof/

boggeddown/takethegambleof/nightmare/falldead/laywounded/takeill/becomestruck/trapped/aliance1.efficientadj.有效的；效率高的(line15)efficiencyn.效率→efficientadj.效率高的effectn.效果→effectiveadj.有效的该药对感冒有特效.Thismedicineisspeciallyeffectiveagainstcold.这台新复印机比那台旧的效率高。Thisnewcopymachineismoreefficientthantheoldone.

conquest(line16)n.conquering,defeat1占领；2征服3战利品；赢得（物）4（尤指）爱情的俘虏；conquervt.占领；攻取；攻克conquerorn.征服者TheconquestofAidsistheaimofmanyscientificworkersTheconquestofdifficultiestakestime.Herbeautywonhermanyconquests.NorthernChinaoncebeametheconquestofJapan.DR_word_conquest1conquest:n.conquering,defeatHitlerbadlymiscalculatedwhenheassumedtheconquestoftheUSSRwouldbesimple.Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany.1939年德国征服了波兰。conquest指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。triumph着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。victory普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，强调艰辛与成功。conquest,triumph&victory这三个词都是名词，均含有“胜利”之意。CF:DR_word_conquest2Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.UndertheleadershipoftheParty,wearemarchingfromto.2.TheYangtzeBridgeisagreatofmoderncivilengineering.3.Itwasaofhumanintellect,andalsointernationalcooperationandcommunication.4.Inprocessoftime,Romebecameagreatempireby.victory_______victory_________triumph_________triumph_________conquest__________decisive(line19)adj.；1)决定性的;2)果断的,坚定的[辨析]decided“已经决定了的”、“明确的”；

decisive意为“决定性的”decidedvictorydecisive

victoryE.g.Theirreformisadecidedvictory,butwhetheritisadecisiveoneonlytimecantell.他们的改革取得了成功，但是否是决定性的胜利只能用时间来回答。be/getboggeddown(line22)beunabletomakeprogress陷入泥潭；阻碍bogn.沼泽

[注意]做动词用于getboggeddown句型较多Thetractorisboggeddowninthemud.有些母亲因孩子太多而陷入困境。

Somemothersareboggeddownbyhavingtoomanychildren.2)Ifyouletyourselfgetboggeddowninpaperwork,you’llneverfindtimetodealwiththereallyimportantissues如果你连文字工作都难以应付，你就不会有机会去处理真正重要的问题。engage(line24)vt.,vi.与…交战；使从事；占用（时间、精力等);雇,聘

beengagedtosb.(与某人订婚）

beengagedtodosth.（被雇来做…）

beengagedindoingsth.(=engagein,

engageoneselfin)从事于…咬合

衔接Thiswheelengageswiththatwheel.这个轮子与那个轮子衔接。engagementn.订婚;engagingadj.引人注意1)阅读占去了我所有的空余时间。

Readingengagesallmysparetime.2)她正忙于写回忆录。Sheisengagedinwritinghermemoirs.

[辨析]face(thedifficulty)主动应对困难

befacedwith(thedifficulty)面临困难Phrases:inthefaceof

面对，在…前面

onthefaceofit从表面上来看

putagoodfaceonit装作若无其事

save(one's)face挽回面子

pullalongface拉长脸（显出不喜欢或不高兴的样子）；拉下脸

makeafaceatsb.crucial(line27)adj.极重要的；有决定性的〈俚〉妙极了的critical,decisive,e

1)becrucialto/for对…来说至关重要2)itiscrucialthat…(should)ItiscrucialthatNapoleonmaketherightdecison.takeagamble(line30)takearisk冒险gambleon把赌注押在…上,冒...的风险IgambleontheweatherbeingfineonSaturday.gambleaway赌掉,输光Shehashadtwokidneytransplants,andnowherfamilyaregamblingonthelastoperation.presson/ahead(line30)usedinthepattern:presson/ahead(withsth.)继续进行（不顾困难）

E.g.1)救援队在黑暗中继续搜救,尽管有余震的危险。Therescueworkerspressaheadwiththeirsearchinthedarkregardlessofthedangerfromaftershock.Despiteopposition,theObmagovernmentispressingonwithitsmedicarereforms.occupation(line36)[辨析]career,occupation,vocation↓↓↓

职业,生涯;职业(受训);天职minusprep.减去；零下adj.负的；稍差的；阴性的n.

负号；减号；负数stroke(line54)strike(打击,罢工)

strive(努力,奋斗)stride(大步走)astrokeofluck一次走运astrokeofmisfortune一次不幸astrokeofgenius天才一举，非凡的创见ata(one)stroke一下子，一举onthestrokeof正好是,准时的，准点的haveastroke中分strokeacat抚摸猫

strokesb.down平息怒气strokesb.upSheswamwithstrongsteadystrokes.她有力稳健的划动着手臂游动着。atthecostof(line55)attheexpenseofwiththelossof以…为代价atallcosts不惜任何代价(=atanycost)alliancen.（抽象名词）联盟,联合allyv.结盟；allyn.（具体名词）同盟国,支持者；inalliancewith

和…联合起来stragglevi.1落伍，掉队keepupwiththegroup.Don'tstraggle.2到处蔓生（植物）Vinesstraggledovertheyard.AbdicateVi.Vt.退位（君王）

abdicatethethroneVt.渎职，未能承担责任e.g.Heabdicatedallresponsibilityforthecareofthechild.exile(line61)n.1流放;2被流放者

inexile被流放o(in)exile流放某人vt.放逐(多用被动）

Inthecurrentera,ChinesedissidentsaremostlyexiledtoUSA,insteadoftheremoteplaces.PartIIIDifficultSentencesAnalysis(10minutes)Tohissurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight.(line20)---1)hissurprise令他吃惊的是。注意这是一个固定结构toone’s+表示感情的名词，再如：toone’sdismay令某人失望的是；

tomymuchregret令我十分遗憾的是

---2)stand抵抗，相当于resist。令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起反抗。DifficultSentencesAnalysis2.Instead,theyretreateastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.(line20)相反，他们一路东撤，沿途烧毁庄稼和居民。burningtheircropsandhomes现在分词短语作伴随情况状语astheywent是时间状语从句。eastward这里作为副词，相当于eastwards，此外它还可作为形容词，如：aeastwardjourney。DifficultSentencesAnalysis3.Inaugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiesengagedatSmolensk,inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside.(line24)--engage意为“交战”--over=morethan--left使役动词，类似的有：keep,let,make,have,find等到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。DifficultSentencesAnalysis3.Bynightfall,thirtythousandFrenchandforty-fourthousandRussianslaydeadorwoundedonthebattlefield.(line32)--by后接时间状语，表示：到…为止--lay与dead构词系表结构。类似：smell,feel,sound,taste;appear,turn,get,become,seem,prove,fall,remain,keep等--夜幕降临时,3万名法国士兵和4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。DifficultSentencesAnalysis4.OfthesixhundredthousandsoldiersNapoleonhadledintoRussia,lessthanonehundredthousandcameback.(line57)--of+数量词+n.表示“在…中”E.g.在所有80学生中，他是个子最高的。--lessthan=no