大学英语精读第四册 unit 8

Warm-up

Discussthefollowingquestions:Whatdoyouthinkofthequalityofourenvironmentnowadays?2.Supposeyouhaveachancetoliveundergroundwhereenvironmentiscomfortableandlifeisconvenient,willyouhaveatry?Why?UnitEightTheNewCavesBeforeReading_TheIceAgesBackgroundInformationTheIceAgesListenandanswerthequestions1.Whendidtheearliestknowniceageoccurred?2.Whendidthemostrecenticeageoccurred?3.Whatweretheaveragetemperaturesduringperiodsofadvancingice?BeforeReading_TheIceAges_pop

Aniceageistheperiodintheearth’shistorywhenmovingsheetsoficecoveredlargeregionsoftheworld’slandsurface.Earthscientistsbelievethattherehavebeenseveraliceages.Theearliestknowniceageoccurredabout700millionyearsago,andthemostrecentone,usuallyreferredtoastheIceAgeorthePleistoceneIceAgebeganabout2millionyearsagoandcontinuedto10,000or15,000yearsago.ScientistshavelearnedthatIceAgeclimateschangedfromtimetotime.Duringperiodsofadvancingice,averagetemperatureswereprobablyabout10to15degreesF(about-9to-12degreesC).

■BeforeReading_MythsandLegends1MythsandLegendsDirections:Listentothefollowingparagraphandfillinthemissingwords.■Bothmythsandlegendsarestorieshandeddownfromearliesttimes.Althoughthetwowordsareoftenusedinterchangeably,mythsarestoriesaboutandlegendsstoriesaboutmen.Mythsembodythebeliefsofpeoples,andprovidedaromanticexplanationofthewondersofnaturewhenexplanationswerelacking.Naturalforceswereanddeified.Forexample,theGreeksbelievedthatthunderandlightningexpressedtheofgreatgodZeus.Legendsarestoriesconnectedwithsomeperiodinthehistoryofapeopleornation,oftencontaininganoffact.Legendsareintendedtoaheroandtellmarvelousdeedshesupposedlyperformed.traditional___________gods______primitive_________scientific_________personified____________displeasure____________element_________glorify_______BeforeReading_MythsandLegends2InChinesefolklore,thestoryofDaYuwhosucceededintheriversisalegendandthestoryofChang’EFlyingtotheMoonisa.taming________myth______GlobeReading_1PartDivisionoftheText

MainIdeasLinesParts11~13214~74375~76Theauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatsomedaywemayseektofurtherincreaseourcomfortandsecuritybybuildingourhousesunderground.Theauthorgivesfouradvantagesofundergroundlife.Livingundergroundmaybeoddbuttherearemorebenefitsofit.GlobeReading._2_Q&AQuestionsandAnswersPartOneDirections:Gothroughthefirstpartandanswerthefollowingquestions..Why,accordingtotheauthor,dohumanbeingsoftenmaketheirhomesincavesduringtheiceages?Whydoestheauthorcallourhousescaves?Whydoestheauthorthinkhissuggestionmayseemunacceptableatfirstthought?What’syourfeelingaboutundergroundliving?exposeto:

leavenolongercoveredorprotectedfrom这株小草经受风吹雨打。Theopen:

outdoors;intheopenairTheairintheopenisnotfreshatallbecausethecityisseriouslypolluted.户外活动对你有好处。Itwilldoyougoodtodoexerciseintheopen.virtually:

adv.虽然她的丈夫是国王，但事实上她才是国家的统治者。Virtuallyeveryonegotatoothachenowandthen.1)infactorpractically2)almost;nearlyVirtuallyshewastherulerofthecountry,althoughherhusbandwastheking.someday:

adv.atanindefinitetimeinthefutureWe'llsucceedsomeday.有朝一日我们会成功的。NB:

someday（副词）和sometime都表示将来某个不确定的时间。Someday,hemightwinaprizeforbeinganoutstandingclerk.Let'smeetsometimewhenyourschedulepermits.

Comesometime.也许有一天，他会获得优秀职员奖。请以后再来。让我们在您方便的某个时候见面吧。addto:increase焰火为节日的夜晚增光添色。Fireworksaddedtotheattractionofthefestivalnight.manmade:

ducedorcausedbymen,notnatural有时候人为的灾难比自然灾害更有破坏力。Sometimesmanmadedisastersareevenmoredestructivethannaturalones.GlobeReading._TableCompletionTableCompletionTheauthor’ssuggestion

Wemayseektoaddfurthertoourcomfortandsecuritybybuildingourhousesunderground.AdvantagesParagraph5Weatherwouldnolongerbeimportant.Paragraphs6~7Localtimewouldnolongerbeimportant.Paragraphs8~9Theecologicalstructurecouldbestabilized.Paragraphs10~12Naturewouldbecloser.Directions:Gooverthesecondpartquicklyandfinishthefollowingtable.PartTwoSupportingDetailsforEachAdvantage

Paragraph5Weatherwouldnolongerbeimportant.Transportationoverlocaldistancewouldbesimplified.Terribleweatherwouldnottroubletheunderground.Temperaturevariationinadayorayearwouldnotexistunderground.Energyusedforairconditioningcouldbesaved.Damagedonetostructuresandhumanbeingsbyweatherwouldbediminished.simplify:

vt.makeeasierorsimpler你的解释对小学生来说太复杂了，尽量简化一些。Yourexplanationistoocomplicatedforthepupils;trytosimplifyit.vary:v.

(causeto)bedifferent,change医生说我的饮食要多样化，不要总吃同样的东西。MydoctorsaidthatIshouldvarymydietratherthaneatthesamethingallthetime.Collocation:

varyfrom...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动varywith随……而变化varyinsth.在某方面不同artificial:adj.桌子上有一些人造花。Thereweresomeartificialflowersonthetable.1)manmade2)notnaturalorreal在我看来她的演技有点不自然。Inmyopinionheractingisabitartificial.Collocation:

artificialintelligence人工智能anartificialleg/eye/hand/tooth假肢/眼/手/牙artificialsatellite人造卫星artificialsnow人造雪artificialmanners矫揉造作的举止adjust:vt.Headjustedhimselfveryquicklytotheheatofthecountry.1)change,adaptorconformtonewconditions2)bringintoamoreeffectiveorefficientstate你可以旋转这个旋钮(knob)来调节电视机的颜色。YoucanadjustthecolorontheTVbyturningthisknob.convenience:

n.personalcomfortoradvantage;thequalityofbeingconvenientTheyboughtthishouseforconvenience;it’sneartheshopsandtherailwaystation.如果你能在方便的时候给我们回复的话，我们将十分感激。Wewouldbemostgratefulifyoucouldgiveusareplyatyourearliestconvenience.Collocation:

suitone’sconvenience 为了某人方便atyour(earliest)convenience在你方便的时候for(one’s)convenience为了（某人）方便onthestroke:

punctuallyatthetimeappointedShegoestoworkonthestrokeof8a.m.他准时到达机场。Hearrivedattheairportonthestroke.gear:Educationshouldbegearedtochildren'sneeds.1.vt.adjustoradaptsoastomakesuitable(oftenusedwithto)2.n.themachineryinavehiclethatturnspowerfromtheengineintomovement传动装置，齿轮教育应适合学生们的需要。Thetruckdriverchangedgeartogoupthehill.卡车司机换档上山坡。Collocation:

change/shiftgears换档reversegears倒档bottom/lowgear低速档high/topgear高速档ingear在正常运转中,已挂上齿轮stabilize:v.(causeto)becomefirm,steady,orunchangingThegovernmenthastakenmeasurestostabilizetheeconomy.为了稳定经济，政府已经采取措施。toacertainextent:toacertaindegreeToacertainextentitwasmyfaultthatwelostthegame.Iagreewithyoutoacertainextent,butIstillthinkweshouldgiveupthatplan.我在一定程度上同意你的意见,但我还是觉得我们该放弃那个计划。takeup:Thistabletakesuptoomuchspace.这张桌子占去了太多的地方。1.occupy(space,time,attention,etc.)entirelyandexclusively2.engageinHetookupartwhileatschool.

他在学校时开始对艺术产生兴趣。recreation:n.activityforpleasureoramazement踢足球是男孩们放学后通常的娱乐活动。Footballistheboys’usualrecreationafterschool.mindyou:

pleasenoteMindyou!Idon’tsaythatitiscertain.Ihavenoobjection,butmindyou,Ithinkitunwisetodoso.请注意，我并没说这是肯定的。terminal:n.We’llpickyouupattherailwayterminal.这些资料将被输入计算机终端。我们将到火车站接你。2.adevicebywhichinformationentersorleavesacomputer;oneofthepointsatwhichyoucanconnectwires1.abigbuildingwherepeoplewaittogetontoplanes,buses,orships,orwheregoodsareloadedThedatawillbefedintoacomputerterminal.Collocation:

a(n)airline/busterminal航空终点站/公共汽车总站shippingterminal航运基地；码头仓库afreightterminal货运终点站thepositive/negativeterminal正/负端；正极/负极接线柱occupation:n.Hehasnofixedoccupationandcanhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether.他没有固定的职业，几乎不能维持生活。2.holdingorpossessing1.ajob;employmentShewasborninFranceduringtheGermanoccupation.Collocation:

loseone’soccupation失业afixed/regularoccupation固定职业amainoccupation本职amilitaryoccupation军事占领byoccupation以……为职业inoccupationof(aplace)占领（某地）undertheoccupationofsb.在某人的占领下elaborate:Shegaveusanelaboratedescriptionofhernewhouse.她向我们详细描述了她的新房子。2.vi.givemoredetailsorinformation1.adj.workedoutwithgreatcare;complicated;fullofdetailThechairmanjustwantedthefacts.Youdon'tneedtoelaborateonthem.主席只想了解事实,你不必作详细说明。derivefrom:

comefrom;obtainfromWederivegreatpleasurefromourstudies.ThousandsofEnglishwordsderivefromLatin.我们从学习中得到很大的乐趣。turnover:1)bringthebottomtothetoporviceversa;rotate,cycle

（使）翻转2)thinkabout;consider仔细考虑3)transfertoanother;givethecontrolofsth.tosb.

移交Matchthedefinitionabovewiththemeaningofthisphraseinthefollowingsentences.Hisfatherhadbeenturningtheideaoverinhismindforsometime.Thethiefwasturnedovertothepolice.Mystomachturnedover.Sheturnedovertheprobleminhermind. Hehasturnedoverhisbusinesstohisbrother.(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)restrict:vt.keeporconfinewithinlimitsSpeedisrestrictedto30mphintowns.市内车速每小时不得超过30英里。GlobeReading._BrainstormingBrainstormingGivemoreadvantagesofundergroundlivingtheauthorhasn’tsaid.PartThreeForreference:1.Clean,filteredairisoneofthem.ThecityofLondonhasoneofthemostserioussmogproblemsintheworld.2.Youcanescapetheever-presentthreatoftrafficaccidentsonthecity'sbusystreets.3.Theconvenienceofgettingaround:you'reusuallynextto,orevenin,asubwaystation.……AfterReading_1_1theiceagesintheopenforcomfortandsecurity

atfirstthought

therealmofevilspiritsandthedeadvolcaniceruptionnoxiousgases

temperaturevariation冰河时代在户外为了舒适和安全乍一想来魔鬼与亡灵的世界火山爆发毒气气温变化UsefulExpressionsopensurfacetherhythmofhumanlife露天生活节奏..9.10.AfterReading_1.211.varyfrompersontoperson12.artificiallight13.suitone’sconvenience14.oneight-hourshift15.afreelymobileworld16.mindyou因人而异人工照明根据人的需要8小时轮班自由流动的社会请注意17.theburrowinganimals18.atecologicalstability19.limitedgreenery20.underecologicallyhealthierconditions穴居动物生态平衡有限的绿色草木在更为健康的生态环境下SpotDictationDirections:Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesyouhavejustheard.

TheDesertCaveHotelallowsyoutoexperiencedug-out,undergroundshops,barandopal(蛋白石)displayareas－allwithinsandstone(沙岩)surroundsintheheartofCooberPedy.aboveandundergroundwealsoofferdiningandconvention.Visitorscanstayunderground,,abovegroundroomsarealso.Sleepingundergroundis.Quiet,cool,darkandairy(通风的)—.Mostvisitorssaythatsleepingundergroundgivesthemthebestnight'ssleeptheyhaveeverhad.ThehoteloffersvisitorsthebesttoexperienceCooberPedy'dugout'living.In1989,theDesertCaveHotelwonboththeSouthAustralianandforTourismDevelopment.TheDesertCaveHotelagainwontheSouthAustralianTourismAwardfornationalstandardaccommodationin1990and1991.styleliving___________Aswellas___________accommodation_________________facilities_________oriftheyprefer________________available__________auniqueexperience_____________________theroomsarespaciouswithhighceilings___________________________________________opportunity____________NationalTourismAwards__________________________■AfterReading_4Homework:WriteacompositiononMyFavoriteLifestyle.AfterReading_3_1DiscussionandDebateDirections:Asknowntoall,sincethe1970’stherehasbeenconsiderablediscussionaboutlivinginspaceandinunderwaterdwellings,sotogetherwithundergroundlivingtheauthoradvocatedhereandourcurrentlifestyle,wehavefourchoices.Nowstudentswillbedividedintofourgroups