大学英语等级考试写作技巧

英语四、六级写作一、英语四六级写作的测试形式二、各种测试形式的写作方法三、一种简便的写作方法四、其他应试技巧五、一种简便的写长段落的方法六、议论文写作一、英语四、六级写作的测试形式

1、规定情景作文

2、根据关键词写短文

3、看图表作文4、书信

1、规定情景作文

即提纲式作文例如：

ShouldFirecrackersbeBanned?

提纲:（1）有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？

（2）有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？

（3）我的看法。2.根据关键词写短文例如：

WeHaveOnlyOneWorldKeywordsandexpressions:industry，pollution，destroy，problem，notvalue，continue，regret，realize，resultfrom，necessary，effectivemeasure.3.看图表作文例如：

ChangesinPeople’sDiet

Food/Year19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitandVegetables24%22%20%20%21%

Outlines:(1)Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.(2)Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.(3)Drawyourownconclusions4.书信

ALettertoaSchoolmate提纲：1.表示欢迎2.提出对度假安排的建议3.提醒应注意的事项又如：ALettertotheUniversityPresidentAbouttheCanteenServiceonCampusYoushouldwriteatleast100words，andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境服务等。可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

二、各种测试形式的写作方法规定情景作文方法1、规定情景作文的方法:若为中文提纲---把每段的中文提纲提炼成一个有主谓结构的英文主题句---对主题句进行续写。若提纲为英语短语---把短语分别扩充为一个结构完整的主题句---对主题句进行续写。例如：规定情景作文方法ShouldFirecrackersbeBanned?

提纲:（1）有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？

（2）有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？

（3）我的看法。（1）Somepeoplethinklettingofffirecrakersisagoodthing.(2)Butmanypeople,ontheotherhand,believethatlettingofffirecrackersshouldbebanned.(3)Inmyopinion,lettingofffirecrackersshouldbebanned.

LettingofffirecrackershaslongbeenacustomfortheChineseontheirhappyoccasions.However,theseyears,peopleinChinahavedifferentopinionsaboutthecustom.

Somepeoplethinklettingofffirecrakersisagoodthing.ItreflectstheheritageofChineseculture.AnditaddsmuchtothewarmatmosphereofthemostimportantChineseholidays—theSpringFestival.Peoplrcan’timaginewhattheholidayswouildbelikewithoutsuchacustom.

Butmanypeople,ontheotherhand,believethatlettingofffirecrackersshouldbebanned.Themainreasons,intheireyes,arethatlettingofffirecrackersnotonluybringgreateconomiclosstothecountry,butalsocausescertaindisorderinthesociety.Forexample,duringholiday,somebuildingsareburnttoashesduetothefirecrackers.Andmanypersonsareinjuredintheireyesorontheirfacesbythefirecrakersandsenttohospital.

Inmyopinion,lettingofffirecrackersshouldbebanned.Wemusttryourbesttofindnew,beneficialwaystoreplacetheoldcustom.Onlyinthisway,canwespendourholidayinapeacefulandjoyfulmanner.根据关键词作文法2.根据关键词写短文是把所给出的关键词连词造句，连句成段，连段成篇。提供关键词实际上等于提供不完整的主题句和发展句。考生只要吃透这些词的关系，分清属于主题句的关键词和属于发展句的关键词，文章就好写。段落也自然得以正确的划分。根据关键词作文法但应该注意：表达时不要打乱所给词的先后顺序，必须按原顺序依次组句，而且所给词必须全部用上。为了使文章衔接，可以加进并不包含所给的词的句子。如果关键词是按段给的，写起来就更为简单。段首句就是所给的第一个词或前几个词组成的句子。如测试形式2)可写成下列三段：测试题2例如：

WeHaveOnlyOneWorldKeywordsandexpressions:industry，pollution，destroy，problem，notvalue，continue，regret，realize，resultfrom，necessary，effectivemeasure.根据关键词作文法Keywordsandexpressions:industry，pollution，destroy，problem，notvalue，continue，regret，realize，resultfrom，necessary，effectivemeasure.

Whenindustriesgrow，pollution

problems

grow.Protectingtheenvironmentshouldberegardedasaveryimportantthing.Ifwedon’t，thenwewilldestroyouronlyworld.

Ourpollutionproblemsaremanybecausewedidnotvaluetheenvironmentuntilrecently.Thereisanoldsayingthatgoes，“Youdon’tknowwhatyouhaveuntilit’sgone.”Ifwecontinuetopollute，wewillregretitsloss.根据关键词作文法Mankindmustrealizetheconsequencesresultingfrompollution.Itisnecessarytoprotectournaturalenvironment.Wemustbeginnowtoadopteffectivemeasures.Onlybydoingthis,canweprotectouronlyworld.看图表作文法3、看图表作文首先应当把中、英文提纲提炼成段落的主题句，再对主题句进行续写。

第一段：概述图表的内容或含义;

第二段:原因分析

第三段:评论或看法。（第二第三段的内容要具体情况具体分析）如测试形式2的看图表作文可以这样写：3.看图表作文例如：

ChangesinPeople’sDiet

Food/Year19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitandVegetables24%22%20%20%21%

Outlines:(1)Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.(2)Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.(3)Drawyourownconclusions看图表作文法

ChangesinPeople’sDiet

Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy，somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’s

diet.Fromthetablelistedabove，wecanseethatpeopleeatmoremeatanddrinkmoremilkthantheyusedtodo.Ontheotherhand，peopleconsumelessgrain，fruitandvegetablesnowthaninthepast.看图表作文法

Therearesomereasonsforthechangesinpeople’sdiet.First，economyhasdevelopedveryquickly，therefore，peoplearewellpaidandhaveenoughmoneytobuywhattheylike.Second，moreandmorepeoplethinkthatdietisveryimportanttotheirhealth.Sotheyeatmorenourishingfoodsuchasmilkandmeat.看图表作文法

Inmyopinion，bothmilkandmeatareimportanttoourhealth，however，toomuchrichfoodwillcausesomeproblems.Peopleshouldmaintainabalancediet.书信写法4、书信书信是一种文体，从测试形式来说，它属于规定情景作文，因为它给出了段落提纲。如：ALettertoaSchoolmate提纲：1.表示欢迎2.提出对度假安排的建议3.提醒应注意的事项例如：

Dec.2,2011DearXiaoWang,Iamgladyouwillhaveachancetovisitmyhometownduringtheholiday.Allmyfamilyarepreparingforyourcoming,andwearewaitinganxiouslyforyourarrival.Asyouknow,Nanjingisacityofancienthistory,beautifulsceneryandvarietiesoftraditionalfood,therefore,wewillhavealottododuringyoustayhere.YoumayhaveashortrestuponyourarrivalHere.Thenwewillspendthreedaysvisitingtheplacesofhistoricalinterestsandscenicspots.IamsureyouwillbedeeplyimpressedbyZhongshanScenicArea.WemayspendanotherdayvisitingConfuciusTemple.ItbecomesacommercialcenterwhereyoucannotonlybuysomesouvenirsbutalsotastethefamousNanjingfood.Ifwestillhavetime,

Isuggestyoucometoseemyuniversityandmeetmyclassmates.Theyallknowaboutyouandtheyareeasytomakefriendswith.Nanjingisveryhotduringthisseason,sodotakecareofyourselfduringthetrip.Don’tforgetmyaddress:Dept.303,Building12,PhoenixGarden.Wishingeverythingisallrightwithyourtrip.Yourstruly,ZhangLin

书信写法又如：ALettertotheUniversityPresidentAbouttheCanteenServiceonCampusYoushouldwriteatleast100words，andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境服务等。可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。书信写法写作思路：第一部分：点明写信的目的。第二部分：分列出诸个问题。注意在问题之后加上进一步解释表明问题的严重性及具体状况。第三部分：提出解决问题的希望。书信写法

January12th,2010DearMr.President,I’mveryluckytoattendthisworld-famousuniversity,butI’mafraidthatI’mnotcontentwiththecanteenserviceoncampus.Firstly,thequalityofthedishesshouldbeimproved.Undoubtedly,therearealotofdeliciousdishes,butalltheyear,theyarethesame.Moreandmorestudentsarecomplainingabouteatingthesamefoodeachday.SoIthinkthemosturgentproblemisvariety.书信写法

Second,theenvironmentissonoisythatwecan’tenjoyourmealsingoodmood.Isuggestthattherebesomesoftmusictohelpusrelax.Thosepresentedsuggestionsarenotjustofmyown,butalsoofmanyotherstudents.Wehopeourdearpresidentwilltakeoursuggestionsintoconsideration.书信写法

Bytheway,thecanteenworkersareverypatientandalwayssmiling.SoIthinkifouruniversityoffersthembetterconditions,theywillofferusbetterservice.Bestwishes,Yourssincerely,LiMing

三、一种简便的写作方法——紧扣致力点法

紧扣致力点(controllingidea)法

段落=主题句+扩展句+概括句主题句=主题(topic)+致力点

主题是指所谈论的人或事物;

致力点决定着段落主题展开的趋势和范围。例如：

紧扣致力点(controllingidea)法

主题句（1）：ThereareseveralreasonswhyIhavebeenunhappysinceIcametotheU.S..主题句（2）：Therearefourseparatestagesinmakingbread.

紧扣致力点(controllingidea)法

主题句（3）：TheAmericancarofthe1980sisquitedifferentfromitsoldmodels.（如：汽车的体积/大小、重量和节能情况等之间的差别）

紧扣致力点(controllingidea)法

主题句（4）:Thetraditionalfamilyofyesterdayandthemodernfamilyoftodayhaveseveralsimilarities.

紧扣致力点(controllingidea)法

紧扣致力点写作法中的最重要的一点就是要找准主题句中的致力点。只有明白了主题句中的致力点，才能紧扣主题，展开段落，才能把中心思想和细节安排组织好。如果找错了致力点，要写的段落就很容易离题，因而达不到写作的目的。试比较下面两个段落：

紧扣致力点(controllingidea)法

1.

Medicalresearchersaftermanyyearsofstudyhaveannouncedintheirreportsthatcigarettesmokingisacauseoflungcancer.Experimentsshowthatpeoplewhohaveahistoryofheavysmokingaremuchcommonerinthegroupsufferingfromlungcancerthaninthegroupsufferingfromotherillnesses.Moreover，deathsfromlungcancerhaveincreasedalongwiththerisingofthenumberofcigarettesmokers，whiledeathratesfrommostkindsofcancerhavefalleninthepast20yearsorso.

紧扣致力点(controllingidea)法

2.Medicalresearchersaftermanyyearsofstudyhaveannouncedintheirreportsthatsmokingisacauseoflungcancer.Experimentsshowthatthetarresultingfromburningcigarettetobaccopaintedforalongtimeontotheskinofmicedoesproduceskincancerinsomeofthem，thoughnocancersappearedinacontrolgroupofmicepaintedonlywiththeacetone(丙酮)inwhichthetarwasdissolved.

紧扣致力点(controllingidea)法

又如:(1)Ihadaterriblemorningtoday.(2)IsleptsolatethatIdidnothavetimetoeatanybreakfast.(3)Ilostmynotebookonmywaytochemistryclass.(4)Inthemiddleofclass,IdiscoveredIhadleftmyphysicsassignmentsathome.(5)Attheendofclass,theprofessorwouldnotletmegotolunchontime.(6)Ihadnotturnedinmyassignments,andhewantedtotalkoverthisproblemwithme.

四、其他应试技巧4.其他应试技巧

4.1用词准确所谓用词准确，就是精心选择最确切、最恰当的词汇，正确地反映客观事物，贴切地表达作者的思想感情。这是运用语言最基本的要求。只有在准确的基础上，才谈得到通顺、生动和简练。

做到准确用词可从以下三方面入手：1）了解词与社会、历史、文化及政治因素的关系，选词时才能符合语言习惯并与社会文化诸多背景一致。例如supper/dinner表示“晚餐”。“dragon”usedinChinese“dragon”usedinEnglish

试译：“亚洲四小龙”“健壮如牛”“牛饮”2）注意同义词差异(1)同义词的文体差异：lawenforcementofficer，policeman，thelaw，copfuzzlawenforcementofficer最为正式，常用于法律文件或专业会议；policeman属于共核，常用于一般书面语或口语；thelaw一般用于口语；cop用于非正式场合，有时也用于不甚礼貌的言谈；fuzz用于俚语，且带有一定的侮辱性(2)同义词的情感差异Statesman---appreciativePolitician---derogatoryLittleboy---appreciativeSmallboy---neutralTinyboy---derogatory(abnormalgrowth)(3)同义词的习惯搭配差异：accuse，charge，rebuke，reproachaccuse…of…，charge…with…，rebuke…for…，reproach…with…或for…等。

3）注重英汉词汇意义的对应关系。“看书”误译成*seeabookorlook(at)abook.“readabook”，“他送信给我”误译成*Hesentmetheletter.“Hebroughtmetheletter.”“他将送朋友去机场”误译成:*Hewillsendhisfriendtotheairport.“Hewillgototheairportwithhisfriendtoseehimoff.”

4.2

用词生动形象文章的生动离不开用词生动形象。因为词是构筑文章的砖瓦。如果用词平淡，文章便黯然失色。古人云：“故义虽深，理虽当，词不工者不成文，宜不能传也。”也就是说，文章既要有真实的思想感情，又要有精美的文辞，才能流传久远。例如，WhyITeach一文中所用的词语：step-up(promotion)red-eyeprofession(aprofessionwhichmakesmetired)sweaty-palmprofession(aprofessionwhichmakesmenervous)sinking-stomachprofession(aprofessionwhichmakesmeupset)struggletoanswer(thinkhardbeforeanswering），begintobreathe(begintogrowandchange)，tofansparks(toarousetheirinterest)，I’mmyownboss(Ihavefreedomtodothingsmyownway)等。

4.3句式结构要富于变化大千世界，变化无穷。千姿百态，林林总总。文章是客观事物的反映，其结构形式也应多姿多彩，变化万千。写作时，既要努力使用正确的句式结构，又要尽量使句式结构多样化。例如：(1)OneisVicky.(2)Myfirstdoctoralstudent,Vickywasanenergeticstudentwholaboredatherdissertationonalittle-known14thcenturypoet.(3)Shewrotearticlesandsentthemofftolearnedjournals.(4)Shediditallherself,withanoccasionalnudgefromme.(5)ButIwastherewhenshefinishedherdissertation,learnedthatherarticleswereaccepted,gotajobandwonafellowshiptoHarvardworkingonabookdevelopingideasshe’dfirsthadasmystudent.

4.4注意段落的统一性和连贯性英语文章的段落一般由主题句和主题句的扩展句两部分组成（有的也有概括句）。但一个好的段落不仅仅是主题句和主题句的扩展句的简单堆砌，还必须具有统一性和连惯性。

4.4.1段落的统一性：统一性是指段落中的所有扩展句必须与主题句相关联，说的具体一点，就是要与主题句中的致力点相关联。凡是无关联的句子都不能写。如果写了，必须删除。例如：

1)Chinaisrichinvariousenergyresources.Forexample,coal,anabundantsourceofenergy,canbefoundinmanyprovinces.Chinaalsohasafewlargeoilfields,andusuallynaturalgasaccompaniesoilproductionfields.Inaddition,largeandsmallpowerplantshavebeenbuiltonfastriverssinceliberation.2)Ipreferswimmingoverallotherformsofexercise.Foronething,manydifferentmusclesareusedintheactofswimmingandallofthesearestrengthenedwhenswimmingisdoneregularly.AnotherreasonIlikeswimmingisthatitisoneofthefewwaysIcancooloffandexerciseatthesametime.Aquickswiminthepoolafterschoolorworkisalwaysrefreshing.

Unfortunately,Ihavetodriveacrosstownbecausethepoolinmycommunityalwayshastoomuchchlorineinit.ThefinalreasonIpreferswimmingisthatitissomethingIcandoallyear.Otherkindsofexercise,liketennisandsoftball,areseasonal,butIcangoswimmingatanytimeoftheyear.

4.4.2段落的连贯性：

连贯性是指段落中句子与句子之间的或段与段之间的自然过渡。恰当使用过渡性词语Conjunctionsinclude:1.ConjunctiveAdv.:therefore,furthermore...2.Coordinators:and,but,or,for,so…3.Subordinators:when,where,why,how…4.Otherwordsorphrases:tobeginwith,foronepart,fortheother,what’smore,…Comparethefollowingtwoparagraphs：“Somestudentsreadslowly.Theydon’tknowtheyreadslowly.Otherstudentsreadslowly.Theyknowtheyreadslowly.Thelattercanbehelpedmoreeasily.Theyarealreadyawareoftheirproblem.Theformercanbehelped.Theymustbeawareoftheproblem.”“Somestudentsreadslowlybut

don’tknowthattheydo;othersreadslowlyandknowit.Theirreadingproblemsarethesame,butthelattercanbehelpedmoreeasilybecausetheyarealreadyawareoftheirproblem.Beforetheformercanbehelped,

however,theymustbemadeawareoftheproblem.4.5

英语语篇模式不同类型的语篇在长期使用中都已形成一种特定的模式（pattern），具有一种区别于其它语篇的组织结构。英语语篇有三种模式：1）概括-具体型（General-specificPattern）；2）问题解决型（Problem-SolutionPattern）；3）对照-匹配型(Matching-Pattern)。1).概括-具体型（General-SpecificPattern）Writingmethod:

topicsentence---developingsentences

(TopicS)Thereareseveralfactorsaffectingclimate.(S.S1)

Onefactoristhemountofsunlightreceived.(S.S2)

Altitude,ortheheightabovesealevel,alsodeterminesclimate.(S.S3)

Theoceanshaveaneffectontheclimateoftheadjacentland.(S.S4)

In

addition,climateisinfluencedbythegeneralcirculationoftheatmosphere.

Theworkingconditionswerepoor.Thetableswhereworkerssatwereveryhigh,anduncomfortable.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,therewerenobreaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.Therewasnomusic.Thewallsoftheworkroomswereadullgraycolor.2)问题解决型（Problem-SolutionPattern）

Writingmethod:

Raiseaproblem---Analyzethecauseoftheproblem---Putforwardthesolutionstotheproblem

Whyhavetherebeensomanyroadaccidents?

Thefirstreasonisthatsomepedestrians,especiallyoldpeopleandchildren,cannotsee,hearorjudgeverywell.Thesecondreasonisthatsomeyoungdriversrecklesslyviolatetrafficregulations,suchasdrivingwhendrunk,goingthewrongdirection,etc.Thethirdreasonisthatsometimessomethinggoeswrongwithvehicles,sothatthedriverslosecontrolofthematacriticalmoment.Forallthis,themaincauseoftheroadaccidentsisduetocarelessness.Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneaboutit.Forexample,driversshouldbeeducatedtoseetheimportanceofcomplyingwithtrafficregulationsandtheterribleconsequencesofviolatingthem.Themotorvehiclesshouldregularlybeputthroughstricttestsforsafety.Inaddition,trafficfacilitiesshouldbeimprovedsoastomakedriverssaferontheroads.Allthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberoftrafficaccidents.

3)对照-匹配型（Matching-Pattern）。Writingmethod:

Developingtheparagraphbycomparisonandcontraste.g.TheAmericancarofthe1980sisquitedifferentfromitsoldmodels.Themoststrikingdifferenceisthesize.Whiletheoldmodelswerelargeandspacious,theneweronesaresmallerandmorecompact.Inthepast,carswerealsoconstructedofheaviermaterials.Nowadayslight-weightaluminumandplastichavereplacedtheheavy-weightmetalsofyesterday.Enginesarenowmorefuelefficient.TenyearsagotheaverageAmericancargottenmilespergallontocompeteinthemarket.Manyofthesedifferencesareadvantageoustotoday’sdriver,butunfortunatelythesesmaller,lightercarsarenotassafeifanaccidentoccurs.

小结：英语语篇的三种模式均具有:“先抽象，后具体；先综合，后分析；先概括，后细节”等特点。通常以一个主题句（topicsentence）开头，直截了当地点明语篇的中心思想，然后在以后各句中发展这一中心思想。4.6利用修辞手法学生对于修辞方面的知识相对来说较为贫乏。对于一些辞格和修辞手段（如比喻、对比、夸张、排比、拟人等）只停留在识别和初步欣赏的水平，很少能够在作文中有意识、且恰如其分地加以运用，难于增加语言的表现力。例如：1a) Hesaidhewasveryhungrythatdayandatefourbigcakeswithintwominutes.1b) Hesaidhewasveryhungrythatdayandwolfeddownfourbigcakeswithintwominutes.2a)Ourbelovedmotherlandisgreatandspaciousandbeautiful.2b)Greatandspaciousandbeautifulisourbelovedmotherland.

4.7使用迂回表达法作者在写作中碰到有的意思无法表达时，可以想办法换一种说法，绕过难点，这就是迂回表达。迂回表达属于一种实用性的应急措施，主要方法为定义法。定义法是指某些不会表达的概念用解释性的语言写出。例如：(1)Inordertoavoidacollisionwiththetaxi,thecarsuddenlyturnedtotheright.---Inordertoavoid

hittingthetaxi,thecarsuddenlyturnedtotheright.(2)At5:30p.m.,therearetrafficjams

inthecityeveryday.---At5:30p.m.,allthestreetsarecrowdedwithvehicles

inthecityeveryday.一种简单的段落写长法例如：(TopicS)Idon’tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme.(MajorS.S1)

TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving:mechanic,carpenter,writer.(MajorS.S2)

Forme,teachingisared-eye,sweaty-palm,sinking-stomachprofession.(MinorS.S1)

Red-eye,becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.(MinorS.S2)Sweaty-palmbecauseI’malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.(MinorS.S3)Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.

五、议论文写作1.DefinitionofargumentationAnargumentativeisanessaywhichtriestomakethereaderagreewithitspointofviewandsupportit,ortopersuadehimtochangehismindorbehavior,andtoapproveyouridea.

Thepurposeofargumentationistoconvince.2.KindsofargumentationArgumentativeessaysmaybedividedinto2kinds:oneistoarguefromthepositivesideinordertoproveyourpointofviewrightandtobuildyourevidence;theotheristoarguefromthenegativesideinordertoprovetheopponent’spointofviewwrongandtodestroytheopponent’sevidence.3.WaystowriteargumentationHowtowritethebeginningparagraph

(1)Adebatablepoint(2)Differentpeople’opinionsaboutthedebatablepoint(3)Author’sopinionaboutthepoint.(4)Atransitionalsentence例如：(1)Recently,theproblemof…hasarousedpublicconcern.Somepeoplebelievethat…Butothersholdthat…Asforme,Iamonthefirst/secondsideoftheargument.Thereasonsareasfollows.E.g.

Recently,theproblemofheavytraffichasarousedpublicconcern.Somepeoplebelievethatitcannotbesolvedunlesspopulationdecreases.Butothersholdthatitispossibleifweconstructmanyothersubways.Asforme,Iamonthesecondsideoftheargument.Thereasonsareasfollows.(2)Thereisnoagreementamongpeopleastotheissueof…Somepeopleholdthat….Whileothersholdthat….Frommypointofview,itismoreadvisabletosupportthefirst/secondopinionratherthanthesecond/firstone.E.g.Thereisnoagreementamongpeopleastotheissueofdoingphysicalexercise.Somepeopleholdthatphysicalexerciseshouldbearequiredpartofeveryschooldaywhileothersholdthatstudentsshouldspendthewholeschooldayonacademicstudies.Frommypointofview,itismoreadvisabletosupportthefirstopinionratherthanthesecondone.(3)Whenaskedabout…,somepeoplepreferto…,others,however,preferto…,Astome,Ichoosethefirst/secondway/method/approach.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformyinclination.E.g.

Whenaskedaboutwheretospendtheleisuretime,somepeopleprefertospendtheirfreetimeoutdoors;others,however,prefertospendtheirleisuretimeindoors.Astome,Ichoosethefirst/secondway/method/approach.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformyinclination.

(4)

People’sviewson…varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthat….Fromtheirpointofview,…However,othersthinkthat…Intheiropinion,…Astome,Iagreewiththesecondidea.Thefollowingarethereasonsof/formychoice.E.g.People’sviewsonmoneyvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthatmoneyiseverything.Fromtheirpointofview,theycanusemoneytobuymanythingssuchasTVs,DVDs,airconditioners,andcomputers.However,othersholdthatmoneyisimportantbutnotsoimportantastomeaneverything.Intheiropinion,noteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.Astome,Iagreewiththesecondidea.Thefollowingarethereasonsformychoice.2)HowtowritetheendingparagraphSomepatterns:(1)SincetherearesomanyadvantagestodoA/B,itisnotdifficulttounderstandwhyI…e.g.Sincetherearesomanyadvantagestoliveinacity,itisnotdifficulttounderstandwhyIprefercitylife.(2)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelyconcludethat…e.g.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelyconcludethatitiswiserforchildrentochoosetolearnwhattheylike.(3)Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wemayreasonablydrawaconclusionthat….E.g.Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wemayreasonablydrawaconclusionthatbookswillnotbereplacedbycomputers(4)GiventhefactorsIhavejustoutlined,Icanonlysaythat…(鉴于上述因素，我只能说……)(5)Fromtheforegoing,itiswisertosupportthestatementthat….(综上所述，支持……的观点较为明智。)(6)Inviewoftheabovefacts,itissafetodrawtheconclusionthat…(鉴于上述事实，可以得出….)(7)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat….(不言而喻….)(8)Weighinguptheargumentsonbothsides,I’minclinedtobelievethat….(权衡了这两种观点之后，我倾向于认为……)３、BodyParagraph——立论主体段可以用立论，也可以用驳论。立论的方法可以列举、例证等。例如：

Title:LivingonoroffCampus

Whenaskedaboutlivingonoroffcampusdifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsduetotheirfinancialconditionsandpersonalinclinations.Someliketoliveoffcampusbecauseofitsfreedomandcomfortwhileothersprefertoliveoncampusbecauseofitsconvenienceandlowcost.Astome,Iwillchoosetoliveonthecampus.Thereasonsforthiscanbelistedasfollows:

Firstly,noonecandenythefactthatitisfarcheapertoliveonthecampus.Afterall,wearestudentswithoutincome.Torentaroomoffcampuswillcostmyparentsmoremoney.Besides,onlywhenIliveonthecampus,canImakefulluseofthefacilitiesinschool,suchasthelibrary,dinninghalls,computerrooms,etc.Lastbutnotleast,Icantakeadvantageofthisopportunitytolearnhowtodealwithothers.Maybe,theexperienceofthatwillhaveagoodeffectonmyfuturelife.Therefore,basedontheabovediscussion,itisnotdifficulttoconcludewhyIprefertoliveoncampus.AnSampleEssay

Title:MyviewonStudents’TakingPart-timeJobs

Nowmoreandmoreuniversitystudentstakepart-timejobsintheirsparetime.Therehasbeenaheatedargumentaboutwhetheruniversitystudentsshouldtakethem.Somepeopleareforit.Theythinkthatpart-timejobscanenrichstudents’experience.Butothersareagainstit.Theythinkthatpart-time

jobswillaffectstudents’study.Astome,Iaminfavorofthefirstopinion.Thereasonsareasfollows.First,takingapart-timejobcanhelpastudentpaythetuition.Itisveryprofitabletosomepoorstud