初中英语语法代词

初中英语语法之

——代词篇JenniferHu代词-Pronoun代词就是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语，分句和句子的词。中文里的人称代词：你，我，他，它你们，我们，他们，它们人称代词人称代词是指为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人或物的词，人称代词有人称，单复数，和主宾格的变化。什么是主格，什么是宾格？？主语动词(谓语)宾语放在主语位置的人称代词叫主格放在宾语位置的人称代词叫宾格主语是执行句子的行为或动作的人或者物宾语，又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。谓语由动词构成，表示主语发出的动作，动词有2类，一类是Be动词，一类是行为动词do。我写字。如“我写字”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“写”这个动作。“写”则是谓语，而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称为宾语。句子的基本结构：主谓宾简单来说，主格放在谓语前，宾格放在谓语后，主谓宾。代词的分类

人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词指示代词疑问代词

第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you(你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们,她们,它们)人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格

Theyalllikehimverymuch.

他们都很喜欢他。

Shegavethebookstoyouandme.

这些书是她送给你和我的。

2.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”

You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.

你我她都喜欢音乐。（一）人称代词的语序：单数形式：（二、三、一）即：you/he/I复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/you/they模仿示例,用括号里代词的正确形式完成下列句子.例如：Maryistalkingtome(I/me)onthephone.1.(We/Us)wentswimmingatthebeachyesterday.2.(He/Him)isMichael’sgoodfriend.3Ihaven’tseen(they/them)foralongtime.4.Ilikemybossbecause(he/him)isveryfriendly.5.Kittyisolderthan(I/me)but(I/me)amolderthanSusan.6.Itold(he/him)towaitbut(he/him)didn’t.7.A:Whotookmyradio?B:(I/Me)havenoideawhotook(it/him).8.A:Wherearethefootballplayer?B:There(they/them)are.9.A:IsthatKennethoverthere?B:Yes,that’s(he/him).10.A:IsRaymondhard-working?B:Yes,(he/him)is.Everyoneintheofficerespects(he/him).It的用法：1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等

What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.

今天的天气怎么样？-有风。

It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.

从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。2.it

可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadteacher.

3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳

It’shardtoreachtheapples.

很难够到苹果。

It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.

对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.

Itishardformetodothiswork.2.轮到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.

It’syourturntocleantheroom.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了

It’stime(forsb.)todosth.It’stimeforyoutodothehomework.4.据说…

It’ssaidthat…It’ssaidthatyourteacherleaveourschool.5.某人花费…做某事

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。

Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的

findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoIfound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.

A.it’sB.itC.that2.It__myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.

A.spentB.costC.took3.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.

A.goB.togoC.going知识清单二、物主代词1、物主代词分为：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，列表如下：

数、人称、词义类型单数复数一二三一二三我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性名词性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs

2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.

(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)请牢记，形容词性物主代词，不能独立使用，必须用在名词前，而名词性物主代词只能独立使用，绝不可用在名词前。Thisis______bike.(my,mine)Thisbikeis______.(my,mine)Arethosebooksmineoryours?Arethosebooksmybooksoryourbooks?那不是你的书，那是她的。1.Isherhairshorterthan______?A.meB.myC.mineD.I(全国高考)2.IsyourcameralikeBill’sandAnn’s?No,butit’sthesameas______A.herB.yoursC.themD.their(全国高考)3.Thisbikeishis,not______.A.theirB.hersC.herD.your

2.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属

Asisterofhis

isanurse.

他的一个妹妹是个护士。

Tomis

afriendofmine

我的一个朋友1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数

复数myselfourselves

yourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词1.反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学请随便吃…

自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己

enjoyoneselfteach/learnoneselfsth.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.

A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.

A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your不定代词不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词

all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no

由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词

1.some/any

some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中

Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.

any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句

Doyouhaveanypicture-books?

注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中

Wouldyoulikesomemeat?

你想要些肉吗？

MayIasksomequestions?

我可以问问题吗？

CouldIhavesomeapples?

我可以吃苹果吗？

Willyougivemesomewater?

你能给我些水吗？2.many/much

many

修饰或指代复数名词

Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.

much修饰或指代不可数名词

Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.

3.another/other

another泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个

Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.

other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的

Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theotherstheother

1.特指两个中的另一个

Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.

2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些

Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.

others泛指其他的人或物

Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物

Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew

修饰可数名词

little/alittle修饰不可数名词

few,little

表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”

afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”

Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few

6.every/each

every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用

Everychildlikesplayinggames.

each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用

Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.

Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.eacheveryeach(常与of连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物

everyother…每隔…Eg:everyotherday每隔一天=everytwodays①

Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②

Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.

A．every B．each C．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.

A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天来这里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother

7.all/none

all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前

WeareallfromCanada.

TheyalllikeEnglish.

none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）

Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.nonenoonenonenoone没有什么人/物“没有人”只能指人回答howmany

问句回答who问句noneof+复数名词/them谓语用单数①

Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②

Whoisintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.

A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom

8.both/either/neither

both“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数

Myparentsarebothteachers.

=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.

neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数

Neitheranswerisright.

either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数

Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.

有关词组及应用

bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.

他们俩都游得很好。

EitherofyougoestoBeijing.

你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。

Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.

他们俩谁都不停下来休息。eitherof两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neitherof两者都不谓单bothof两者都谓复①

___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②

Bothofhisparents___teachers.

A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.

A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherboth

both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）

either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)

BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.

Tom和Lucy都在二年级。

Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.

或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。

NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.

我和他今天都没空。eitherneitherboth①

EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②

NeitheryounorI___ascientist.

A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.

A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原则neither…nor…两者都不both…and…两者都复数谓语

ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either

LucyandLily___agreewithus.

A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.

A.bothB.allC.no

9.Something/anything/nothing

Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?

Nobodycananswerthequestion.1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelseoneit①

Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.

A.itB.oneC./②

Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.

A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.

A.itB.oneC./one

同类不同件．it同类同件．指示代词

表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)

1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物

that,those指在方位上较远的人或物

Thisismyshirt,that’syours.

TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.

2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.四.指示代词①

ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.

A.thatB.thisC.it②

TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.

A.thatB.theseC.those③WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.

A.itB.thisC.that疑问代词

用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich

通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语

Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\

Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\

WhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\

What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom

Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错)(2008年广东省汕头市)一Isthat_____dog?—No.________iswhite．A．his；HisB．her；ItisC．he；HisD．her；Her中考考什么?D(重庆市2008年)

WelikeMr.Greenbecauseheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.we B.us C.our D.oursB(重庆市2008年)

—Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?—______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.A.Both

B.All

C.Either

D.NeitherC(2008年天津市)—Is_____here? —No,JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave.A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybodyDTryitout()1Isthisyourfootball,boys?No,itisnot____A.yoursB.ourC.mineD.ours()2Thebirdbuilds____nestinthetree.A.herB.itsC.it’sD.hers()3Themathsproblem____iswrong.A.himselfB.heC.itselfD.herselfDBC()4____wanttoseethefilm.AEverystudentBEachstudentCAllofstudentsDAllthestudents()5Alotofpeoplehavetried,but____havesucceeded.A.thefewB.afewC.fewD.little()6____ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.BothB.NeitherC.AnyD.EitherDCC()7Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,____isblueand___aregreen.A.another,theotherB.theother,othersC.others,theothersD.another,theothers()8Ihavefound____ontheInternet.A.afewinformationsB.alittleinformationsC.afewinformationD.alittleinformationDD()9IhaveChemistryclasses____day,Monday,WednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.thisandotherD.allother()10--____isthemanunderthetree?--Jim’sfather.A.WhenB.WhatC.WhereD.WhoBD课堂达标1