高中英语时态语态讲解

时态语态2021/3/91一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作，也可用于陈述真理、客观事实。WhenIwasyoung,ourteachersoftentoldusthatknowledgeispower.2.Heoftencomeslate.3.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsdowninthewest.4.Practicemakesperfect.2021/3/92一般过去时：是与“现在没有联系的时态”，只强调过去的事实，不强调与现在的关系；语境中的过去式常表示“刚才,曾经”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。表示对过去某时或某时期的动作或状态，或过去习惯的动作。Yourphonenumberagain?Ididn’tquitecatchit.Hewrotemanyplayswhenhewasatcollege.3.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshepromised.2021/3/93进行体：它具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。现在进行时：表示此刻或现阶段进行的动作。过去进行时：用来表示过去特定的某一时刻正在发生或过去某一段时间内持续发生的事情。2021/3/94进行体：①一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.ThereportersaidthattheUFOwastravelingfromeasttowestwhenhesawit.②表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：Idon’treallyworkhere;Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.Selectingamobilephoneforapersonaluseisnoteasytaskbecausetechnologyischangingsorapidly.2021/3/95③表示计划、安排要做的事。如：I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.Iam

takingmymum.—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?—Ihadjustfinishedmyworkandwasstartingtotakeashower.

④表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。IfirstmetLisa3yearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!—Oh,I’mterriblysorry,Iwasn’tnoticing.

2021/3/96⑤进行时态与constantly,always,forever连用，带有感情色彩（如感叹、惊讶、厌烦等）。I’m

alwayshearingstrangethingsabouthim.Heisalwaysleavingthingsabout.2021/3/97下列几类动词不用进行时时态感知或感觉的动词：hear,see,seem,smell,sound,look,feel等。表示心理或情感的动词：like,love,hate,prefer,wish等。表示状态存在的动词：be,exist,remain,stay,等。表示占有或存属关系动词：have,own,belong,contain等。表示思考、理解等心理活动的动词：believe,doubt,forget,know,remember,understand等。2021/3/98现在完成时：表示过去的动作或状态对现在的影响或对现在造成的结果。以现在时间为参照点。Eg.Hehasservedinthearmyfor5years.Heservedinthearmyfrom1952to1954.现在完成时常用的状语有already,yet,never,beforelately,recently,inthelast/pastfewdays/years(在过去的这几天/年里)，sincethen,uptonow,sofar,upontonow等2021/3/991.Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he____usmuchimpression.A.hadn'tleftB.didn'tleaveC.doesn'tleaveD.hasn'tleft2.I

inLondonformanyyears，butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived3.He_____footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.

A.wasplaying

B.played

C.hasplayed

D.hadplayed2021/3/910过去完成时：表示过去的过去，应有一个过去的时间做参点。Eg.Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecame

back.Shehasbeenillforaweek.（现在仍在生病）注：在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。Afterhelefttheroom,athiefcamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitrained.2021/3/9111.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness

. A．hasgrown B．isgrowing C．grew D．hadgrown2.Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassaying,soI’mafraidI______halfofit. A.wasmissing B.hadmissed C.willmiss D.missed2021/3/912注：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose,want等，其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。如：IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.2021/3/913现在完成进行时：表示动作过去发生，持续到现在并有可能继续持续下去。Eg.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.TheCCTVhasbeenbroadcasting

Englishprogrammeseversince1977.2021/3/914过去完成进行时：表示一个动作在过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到另一个过去时刻，也可能继续持续下去。Eg.Becausehehadnotbeendoinghisworkwell,hewasfired.2021/3/915将来时：表示即将发生的动作或状态。1.一般现在时表将来的用法常用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情，只限于少数动词如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,

stop,

return,open,close等。Theconcertbeginsat7:00andendsat9:00.Thetrainstartsat9inthemorning.2021/3/9162.在if,unless,evenif引导的条件状语从句中，在when,before,until(till),assoonas,themoment,once引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是将来时（往往出现will/shall/can/must），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。（即“主将从现”）如：①I’llgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.②Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactory

closes.2021/3/9173.进行时将来：表示计划、安排要做的事。如：I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.Iam

takingmymum.—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?—Ihadjustfinishedmyworkandwasstartingtotakeashower.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane________.A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff2021/3/9184.betodosth.①表示按计划或安排要做的事WhenareyoutoleavefortwodaystoNewYork?Sheistogetmarriednextmonth.注：was/weretodosth.表示“命中注定要发生的事”;was/weretohavedone则表示未曾实现的计划。Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.2021/3/9194.betodosth.②表示“指令”，相当于should,oughtto,must,haveto。例如：Youaretoreporttothepolice.你应该报警。Thebooksinthisroomarenottobetakenoutside.(Thebooksinthisroommustn’tbetakenoutside.)这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。③表示“想，打算”，相当于intend,want。例如：Ifwearetobetherebeforeten,we’llhavetogonow.2021/3/9204.betodosth.④用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。如：Whatarewetodonext?⑤在与be连用的结构中，see,find,congratulate的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。Thenewsistobefoundintheeveningpaper.Heisnowheretobeseen.Youaretobecongratulated.应当向您表示祝贺。

2021/3/9215.will/shall

will的特殊用法：可以用于表示事先未考虑过，即说话时临时想到的。Eg.---you’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.Iwillgoandturnitoff.2021/3/9226.begoingtodosth.

表示意图、打算或有迹象发生某事；但begoingto

不能用于条件状语从句的主句中。Eg.Theyaregoingtogetmarriedsoon.Lookatthedarkclouds;it’s

goingtorain.Ifitisfine,we’re

goingtogofishing.()注：was/weregoingtodosth.表示过去将来或表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---Iwasgoingto,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.2021/3/9237.beabouttodosth.when…=beonthepointofdoingsth.when…“即将做某事这时…”Eg.Hewasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.2021/3/924将来进行时：表示将来某一时刻正在发生的动作；也可表示按计划去做某事。1.Shewon’tbeabletocomenextweek,becauseshe___herselfinMountTaithen.enjoysB.willbeenjoyingC.isenjoyingD.willhaveenjoying2.---DidyouwritetoPeterlastmonth?---No,butI___himthisJune.A.willbeseenB.willbeseeingC.willhavebeenseeingD.willhaveseen2021/3/925将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻已经完成的动作Bythetimehefinishesthepart-timejob,he___muchworkexperience.willgainB.willhavegainedC.hasgainedD.hadgained2021/3/926约定俗成的句式结构：①(This)It

is/was

thefirsttimethat…havedone/had

done…ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.②Itwas/hadbeen+一段时间+since…haddone…Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.(试比较：Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since…did…)2021/3/927约定俗成的句式结构：③beabouttodo/beonthepointofdoingsth…when…意为“即将……（这时）突然……”Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.④be(was/were)+doing…when…

意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。如TheywerereadingwhenTomshoutedinpain.⑤Hardly/Nosoonerhad…done…when/than…did…

表示“刚刚……就……”。Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.2021/3/928约定俗成的句式结构：⑥Itwill

be/was+一段时间+before…do/did...如：Itwon’tbelongbeforehesucceeds.Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.2021/3/929被动语态：常用的九种被动语态形式1、am/is/aredone（一般现在时）2、was/weredone（一般过去时）3、will/shallbedone（一般将来时）4、wouldbedone（过去将来时）5、am/is/arebeingdone（现在进行时）6、was/werebeingdone（过去进行时）7、has/havebeendone（现在完成时）8、hadbeendone（过去完成时）9、情态动词bedone（情态动词）2021/3/930被动语态：Thatoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.

Thedoctorhasbeensentfor.

Timemustbemadegooduseof.

Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.Badhabitshavebeendoneawaywith.

注：…beseen/heard/noticed/felt/watched/observed/made/hadtodosth.Tomwasmadetorecitethosedullpoems.2021/3/931被动语态：“get+过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，如：Shegotmarriedlastweek.Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.2021/3/932主动形式表被动意义：1．系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,remain,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容词/名词构成系表结构。Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Ithasgonebad.2．表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.2021/3/933主动形式表被动意义：3．表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read,write,iron,cut,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：Thiscoatdrieseasily.这种外衣容易干。Nyloncleanseasily.尼龙容易洗干净。Thedoorwon’tlock.这门锁不上。Yourspeechreadswell.你的演说讲得好。Thismaterialhas