大学英语四级考试真题答案

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoflifelonglearning.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Fromthewantedcolumn.C)Fromatelephonedirectory.B)Fromsomeofherfriends.D)Fromatelevisioncommercial.10.A)Shereceivedfull-timeeducationabroad.C)Shefinishedhersecondaryschool.B)Shegraduatedfromanopenuniversity.D)Shestudiedinavocationalcollege.11.A)Sheisashorthand-typist.C)Sheisapolicewoman.B)Sheworksasatourguide.D)Sheteachesaneveningclass.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Itprovideshimwithcareeropportunities.C)Ithasbeenoffandonfortenyears.B)Ithelpsenlargehiscustomernetwork.D)Itwasinterruptedforfouryears.13.A)Individualizedservice.C)Home-madebeer.B)Traditionalsetting.D)Socialgames.14.A)Thequalityofbeer.C)Theowner'sattitude.B)Theatmosphere.D)Therightlocation.15.A)Itisarathertoughjob．C)Ithelpsoldpeoplekilltime.B)Itisaprofitablebusiness.D)Itmakesretireesfeeluseful.SectionBDirections:Inthissection，youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itisbecomingincreasinglypopular.C)Itgivesrisetoserioussocialinstability.B)Ithelpstheusertoescapereality.D)Ithurtsapersonandthosearoundthem.17.A)Theyusedrugsjustforfun.C)Theyusedrugsasmedicine.B)Theytakedrugstogethigh.D)Theykeepdruguseasecret.A)Itisquitecommoninentertainmentcircles.Itisthecauseofvarioussocialproblems.Itishardtogetridof.Itisfataltotheuser.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Takingupexercisesafterrecovery.C)Findingnewwaystocureheartdisease.B)Producingtastyhealthyfrozenfood.D)Goingonadietuponleavingthehospital.20.A)Itwascarefullytestedwithconsumers.C)Itwasdisapprovedbymanydietexperts.B)Itwaspromotedbyhealthorganizations.D)Itwashighlyexpectedbythegeneralpublic.21.A)Competitiveprice.C)Vigorouspromotion.B)Lowexpectations.D)Uniqueingredients.22.A)Itwassuggestedbythefirm'svice-president.Itmatchesthefood'sdarkgreenpackaging.Ithasapositiveimplicationforconsumers.Ittrickstheeldersintoimpulsepurchasing.PassageTwoQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itispracticedinmostofthestates.C)Ithasdrawnalotofcriticismfromoverseas.B)Itwillbeabolishedsoonerorlater.D)IthastobeapprovedbytheSupremeCourt.A)Whetherthepracticeshouldbeallowedtocontinueinfuture.WhetherthereshouldbeaminimumagelimitforexecutionWhattypeofcriminalsshouldreceiveit.Whateffectitmighthaveonyoungsters.A)Thecourtsentencedhimtolifeinprisonforkillingtwofriends.Thegovernorchangedhisdeathsentencetolifeinprison.HewasthefirstminortobeexecutedinSouthCarolina.Hewassentencedtodeathforacrimehecommittedasaminor.PartIIIISectionA

ReadingComprehension（40minutes）Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.FormanyAmericans，2013endedwithanunusuallybittercoldspell.LateNovemberandDecember36earlysnowandbone-chillingtemperaturesinmuchofthecountry，partofayearwhen,forthefirsttimeintwo37，record-colddayswilllikelyturnouttohaveoutnumberedrecord-warmones.ButtheU.S.wastheexception:Novemberwasthewarmestever38，andcurrentdataindicatesthat2013islikelytohavebeenthefourthhottestyearonrecord.Enjoythesnownow,because39aregoodthat2014willbeevenhotter,perhapsthehottestyearsincerecordshavebeenkept.That'sbecause,scientistsarepredicting,2014willbeanElNinoyear.ElNino，Spanishfor"thechild"，40whensurfaceoceanwatersinthesouthernPacificbecomeabnormallywarm.SolargeisthePacific,covering30%oftheplanet'ssurface,thatthe41energygeneratedbyitswarmingisenoughtotouchoffaseriesofweatherchangesaroundtheworld.ElNinosare42withabnormallydryconditionsinSoutheastAsiaandAustralia.TheycanleadtoextremeraininpartsofNorthandSouthAmerica,evenassouthernAfrica43dryweather.Marinelifemaybeaffectedtoo:ElNinoscan44therisingofthecold,nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）waterthatsupportslargefish45，andtheunusuallywarmoceantemperaturescandestroycoral（珊瑚）．A)additionalB)associatedC)boreD)chancesE)communicatedF)decadesG)experiencesH)globally

I)logicallyJ)occursK)populationsL)realizeM)reduceN)sawO)specificSectionBDirections;Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowtoEatWellWhydosomanyAmericanseattonsofprocessedfood,thestuffthatiscorrectlycalledjunk（垃圾）andshouldreallycarrywarninglabels?It'snotbecausefreshingredientsarehardtocomeby.Supermarketsoffermorevarietythanever,andthereareoverfourtimesasmanyfarmers'marketsintheU.S.astherewere20yearsago.Norisitforlackofavailableinformation.Thereareplentyofrecipes（食谱），how-tovideosandcookingclassesavailabletoanyonewhohasacomputer,smartphoneortelevision.ifanything,theinformationisoverwhelming.C)Andyetwearen'tcooking.IfyoueatthreemealsadayandbehavelikemostAmericans，youprobablygetatleastathirdofyourdailycalories（卡路里）outsidethehome.Nearlytwo-thirdsofusgrabfastfoodonceaweek,andwegetalmost25%ofourdailycaloriesfromsnacks.Sowe'reeatingoutortakingin,andwedon'tsitdown-orwedo，butwehurry.D)Shouldn'tpreparing-andconsuming-foodbeasourceofcomfort,pride，health，well-being，relaxation,sociability?Somethingthatconnectsustootherhumans?Whywouldwewanttooutsource（外包）thisbasictask,especiallywhenoutsourcingitissoharmful?WhenItalkaboutcooking,I'mnottalkingaboutcreatingelaboratedinnerpartiesorthree-dayscienceprojects.I'mtalkingaboutsimple，easy,everydaymeals.Mymissionistoencouragegreenhandsandthoselackingtimeormoneytofeedthemselves.Thatmeansweneedmodest,realisticexpectations，andweneedtoteachpeopletocookfoodthat'sgoodenoughtosharewithfamilyandfriends.Perhapsareturntorealcookingneedn'tbefaroff.ArecentHarrispollrevealedthat79%ofAmericanssaytheyenjoycookingand30%"loveit"；14%admittonotenjoyingkitchenworkandjust7%won'tgonearthestoveatall.Butthisdoesn'tnecessarilytranslatetorealcooking,andtheresultofthissurveyshouldn'tsurpriseanyone:52%ofthose65oroldercookathomefiveormoretimesperweek;onlyathirdofyoungpeopledo.Backinthe1950smostofusgrewupinhouseholdswhereMomcookedvirtuallyeverynight.Theintentiontoputahome-cookedmealonthetablewasprettymuchuniversal.Mostpeoplecouldn'taffordtodootherwise.H)Althoughfrozendinnerswereinventedinthe'40s，theirpopularitydidn'tboomuntiltelevisionbecamepopularadecadeorsolater.Sincethen,packaged,pre-preparedmealshavebeenwhat'sfordinner.Themicrowaveandfast-foodchainswerethebiggestcatalysts（催化剂），butthebigfoodcompanies-whichwanttosellanythingexcepttherawingredientsthatgointocooking-madethehomecookanendangeredspecies.Still，Ifinditstrangethatonlyathirdofyoungpeoplereportpreparingmealsathomeregularly.Isn'tthisthesamecrowdthatrailsagainstprocessedjunkandchampionscraftcooking?Andisn'tthisthegenerationwhosaythey'reconcernedabouttheirhealthandthewell-beingoftheplanet?Ifthesearetrulythevaluesofmanyyoungpeople，thentheirbehaviordoesn'tmatchtheirbeliefs.J)Therehavebeenhalf-heartedbutwell-publicizedeffortsbysomefoodcompaniestoreducecaloriesintheirprocessedfoods，buttheStandardAmericanDietisstillthepolaroppositeofthehealthy,mostlyplant-baseddietthatjustabouteveryexpertsaysweshouldbeeating.Consideringthatthegovernment'sstandardsarenotnearlyambitiousenough,thepictureisclear:bynotcookingathome，we'renoteatingtherightthings，andtheconsequencesarehardtooverstate.Tohelpquantify（量化）thecostsofapoordiet,Irecentlytriedtoestimatethisimpactintermsofamostfamousfood,theburger（汉堡包）．Iconcludedthattheprofitfromburgersismorethanoffset（抵消）bythedamagetheycauseinhealthproblemsandenvironmentalharm.Cookingrealfoodisthebestdefense-nottomentionthatanymealyou'relikelytoeatathomecontainsabout200fewercaloriesthanoneyouwouldeatinarestaurant.M)TothoseAmericansforwhommoneyisaconcern,myadviceissimple：Buywhatyoucanafford,andcookityourself.Thecommonprescriptionistoprimarilyshopthegrocerystore,sincethat'swherefreshproduce，meatandseafood,anddairyare.Andtosavemoneyandstilleatwellyoudon'tneedlocal,organicingredients；allyouneedisrealfood.I'mnotsayinglocalfoodisn'tbetter;itis.Butthereisplentyofdecentfoodinthegrocerystores.Theothersectionsyoushouldgettoknowarethefrozenfoodsandthecannedgoods.Frozenproduceisstillproduce;cannedtomatoesarestilltomatoes.Justmakesureyou'regettingrealfoodwithouttonsofaddedsaltorsugar.Askyourself,wouldGrandmaconsiderthisfood?Doesitlooklikesomethingthatmightoccurinnature?It'sprettymuchcommonsense;youwanttobuyfood,notunidentifiablefoodlikeobjects.Youdon'thavetohitthegrocerystoredaily,nordoyouneedanabundanceofskill.SincefewerthanhalfofAmericanssaytheycookatanintermediatelevelandonly2096describetheircookingskillsasadvanced,thecrisisisoneofconfidence.Andtheonlyremedyforthatispractice.There'snothingmysteriousaboutcookingtheeveningmeal.Youjusthavetodoalittlethinkingaheadandredefinewhatqualifiesasdinner.Likeanyskill，cookinggetseasierasyoudoitmore；everytimeyoucook,youadvanceyourlevelofskills.Somedayyouwon'tevenneedrecipes.Myadviceisthatyounotpayattentiontothenumberofstepsandingredients，becausetheycanbedeceiving.Time，Irealize，isthebiggestobstacletocookingformostpeople.Youmustadjustyourprioritiestofindtimetocook.Forinstance，youcanmoveaTVtothekitchenandwatchyourfavoriteshowswhileyou'restandingatthesink.Nooneisaskingyoutogiveupactivitiesyoulike，butifyou'rewatchingfoodshowsonTV，trycookinginstead.Cookingbenefitspeopleinmanywaysandenablesthemtoconnectwithoneanother.AbundantinformationaboutcookingisavailableeitheronlineoronTV.Youngpeopledolesscookingathomethantheelderlythesedays.Cookingskillscanbeimprovedwithpractice.Inthemid-20thcentury，mostfamiliesatedinnerathomeinsteadofeatingout.Eventhoseshortoftimeormoneyshouldbeencouragedtocookforthemselvesandtheirfamily.Eatingfoodnotcookedbyourselvescancauseseriousconsequences.Toeatwellandstillsavemoney,peopleshouldbuyfreshfoodandcookitthemselves.Wegetafairlylargeportionofcaloriesfromfastfoodandsnacks.ThepopularityofTVledtothepopularityoffrozenfood.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B)，C)andD)．Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter。”AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential，itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshopping-whereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturn-nowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailencounters,likebuyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacornershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue，thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edgeretailstores-VictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet,forinstance-youdon'tgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecidetopay.ThestaffareequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa.Whichisnothingmoreorlessthanexcellentservice，ifyouhavethemoney.Butacrosssociety,theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeI'mjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisn'tquickoreasyformostofus.Isn'titabitweirdthatspendingitshouldhappeninhalfablink（眨眼）ofaneye?Doesn'tawallet-thattime-honouredFriday-nightfeelingofpleasing,promisingfatness-representsomethingthatmatters?ButI'llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawallet-thewaythefasteningsandmaterialswearandtearandloosenwithage，theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets-istheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoraniPad.Theroundededges,coolglass,smoothandunknowableasapebble（鹅卵石）．Insteadofdiggingthroughpiecesofpaperandpeeringintocomers,wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomorecountingoutcoins.Showyourwallet,ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.56.Whatishappeningtothewallet?A)Itisdisappearing.C)Itisbecomingcostly.B)Itisbeingfattened.D)Itischanginginstyle.57.Howarebusinesstransactionsdoneinbigmodernstores?A)Individually.C)Intheabstract.B)Electronically.D)Viaacashregister.Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays?Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.ThepleasingFriday-nightfeelingisfading.Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.D)spendingmoneyissofastandeasy.Whydoestheauthorchoosetowriteaboutwhat'shappeningtothewallet?Itrepresentsachangeinthemodernworld.Ithassomethingtodowitheverybody'slife.Itmarkstheendofatime-honouredtradition.Itistheconcernofcontemporaryeconomists.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor?Heisresistanttosocialchanges.Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress.Hefeelsreluctanttopartwiththetraditionalwallet.Hefeelsinsecureintheever-changingmodernworld.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Everybodysleeps，butwhatpeoplestayuplatetocatch-orwakeupearlyinordernottomiss-variesbyculture.Fromdatacollected,itseemsthethingsthatcauseustolosethemostsleep，onaverage，aresportingevents，timechanges,andholidays.Aroundtheworld,peoplechangedsleeppatternsthankstothestartorendofdaylightsavingstime.Russians，forexample，begantowakeupaboutahalf-hourlatereachdayafterPresidentVladimirPutinshiftedthecountrypermanentlyto"wintertime"startingonOctober26.Russia'sotherlatenightsandearlymorningsgenerallycorrespondtopublicholidays.OnNewYear'sEve，Russianshavetheworld'slatestbedtime,hittingthehayataround3:30a.m.RussiansalsogetupanhourlateronInternationalWomen'sDay,thedayfortreatingandcelebratingfemalerelatives.Similarly，Americans'latenights，latemornings，andlongestsleepsfallonthree-dayweekends.CanadagottheleastsleepoftheyearthenightitbeatSwedenintheOlympichockey（冰球）final.TheWorldCupisalsochieflyresponsibleforsleepdeprivation（剥夺）．TheworstnightforsleepintheU.K.wasthenightoftheEngland-ItalymatchonJune14.Britsstayedupahalf-hourlatertowatchit,andthentheywokeupearlierthanusualthenextmorningthankstosummernights,thephenomenoninwhichthesunbarelysetsinnortherncountriesinthesummertime.Thatwasnothing，though,comparedtoGermans，Italians，andtheFrench,whostayeduparoundanhourandahalflateronvariousdaysthroughoutthesummertowatchtheCup.Itshouldbemadeclearthatnoteveryonehasadevicetorecordtheirsleeppatterns;insomeofthesenations，it'slikelythatonlytherichestpeopledo.Andpeoplewhoelecttotracktheirsleepmaytrytogetmoresleepthantheaverageperson.Evenifthat'sthecase，though,theabovefindingsarestillstriking.Ifthemosthealth-consciousamongushavesuchdeepswingsinourshut-eyelevelsthroughouttheyear,howmuchsleeparetherestofuslosing?61.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeople'ssleepinghabits?A)Theyareculture-related.C)Theychang