第38讲 完形填空(二)

第38讲完形填空(二)英语完形填空。(2014，金华、丽水)Itbeganayearago，aroundChristmas.EverytimeIdrovedownourstreet，I__1__anoldmansittinginhisfrontyard.Hewasusuallysmokingordrinking，andlookingratherunhappy.Oneday，whileIwasdrivingpasthimwithmy__2__，Idecidedtowaveathimwithalotofexcitement.__3__，whenhenoticedmewavingathim，helookedabitshocked.Then，Isawhishandgoupandhewavedback.“__4__didyouwaveathim？”

mydaughterasked.Itoldherit'sjustanactofkindnessthatdoesn't__5__anything.Itgivesbothhimandmeafeelingofjoy.Mydaughterrepliedthatshefeltabituncomfortabletowavetoa__6__，butnexttimeshewouldtryitaswell.Welivedclosetotheoldman，__7__wesawhimratheroften.Wheneverwedroveby，bothofuswouldstartwavingathimand，prettysoon，theoldmanstarted__8__ateveryonewhopassedbyhishouse.Onetime，mydaughter'sfriendcametovisitandshetoldmydaughterthatshesawthisstrangeoldmannearourhomewaveathervery__9__．Shementionedthatshewavedback，althoughshedidn'tknow__10__，anditfeltreallygood.Assoonasmydaughterheardthis，shetoldherfriendthe__11__ofhowallthewavingbegan.Herfriendanswered，“Tellyourmomthat'sreallycool！”Otherfriendsgavesimilar__12__．Thistaughtmydaughterthatanactofkindnesscanbenaturaland__13__，ifyoureallywanttodoit.Itshowedushowgivinghappinesscandogoodto__14__thegiverandthereceiver.Movedbytheoldman'sactions，we'replanningtogiveourwavingneighborathank­youcardtoexpressour__15__forhisexcitingwaves.Wearereallythankfulforhimsharinghissimplejoywithallwhopassbyhishouse.(A)1.A.noticed

B．felt

C．heard

D．kept(C)2.A.husbandB．sonC．daughterD．friend(D)3.A.JustnowB．OntimeC．IntheendD．Atthebeginning(A)4.A.WhyB．HowC．WhenD．Where(B)5.A.buyB．costC．hideD．guess(D)6.A.friendB．driverC．classmateD．stranger(C)7.A.orB．butC．soD．yet

(B)8.A.shoutingB．wavingC．laughingD．looking(B)9.A.angrilyB．excitedlyC．loudlyD．carefully(A)10.A.himB．meC．herD．us(D)11.A.lessonB．accidentC．newsD．story(C)12.A.giftsB．notesC．opinionsD．books(A)13.A.easyB．funnyC．usualD．special(D)14.A.pastB．betweenC．allD．both(B)15.A.attentionsB．thanksC．suggestionsD．interests⑤熟练语法和固定搭配，轻松解题对语法、固定搭配等基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。对于这种题，考生除了要注意平时的积累外，还要针对语法结构、句式特点、短文设空中需填的词在句中作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行分析，从而解决问题。【例5】Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwashardtohangoutwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutabicycle.Hethoughtabout________hecoulddo.(2013，长沙，34)A．why

B．how

C．what解析：空白处所填词在宾语从句中作do的宾语，句意为“他考虑了他能做的一切事情”。答案：__C__Hedidn'tusetogivehismothermanyproblems.__5__，afterhisfather'sdeathafewyearsago，Martin'slifebecamemuchmoredifficult.(2013，黄冈，47)(D)5.A.SoB．ButC．ThereforeD．However⑥多方推断，寻求线索完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短句子或段落，还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。考生可利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正逆向联合推断法寻找相关信息。正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息，当然这儿所指的信息包括设空处近处或远处的信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文内容，弄清事实，并思考下文的发展方向，从而推断下文的未知信息。逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时，不能着急，应沉着冷静地阅读下文，看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。在有些情况下，空格处未知信息既不能单独由上文已知信息正向推断而出，也不能单独由下文反向推断而出，而需要考生利用其上下文已知信息联合推断而出。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文，看哪些细节或事实与空格处有联系，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。a．正向推断法【例6】...，acirclelostapieceofitsown.Thecirclewantedtobewhole，soitwentaround，lookingforits________piece.(2013，兰州，41)A．missB．loseC．missingD．losing解析：由上文“acirclelostapieceofitsown”可知，一个圆失去了一块，但它想变成一个整圆，所以它到处寻找丢失了的那一块。此处应填形容词missing“丢失的”。答案：__C__SometimesIwonderwhetherthereisanylovebetweenmyparents...Isatdownbesideher.“Mom，Ihaveaquestiontoaskyou.”．..“Isthere__6__betweenyouanddad？”Iaskedher...(2013，西宁，33)(A)6.A.loveB．friendshipC．moneyD．thanksMyuncle，anoldman，hadastrangeexperiencelastweek.OnSaturdayevening，hewenttoashowatthecinema.Aftertheshowwasover，hehad__7__atasmallrestaurant.(2013，宁夏，36)(B)7.A.breakfast

B．supper

C．lunch

D．mealb．逆向推断法【例7】Whenhearrivedhome，...Hehadleftthekey________andbanged(砰地关上)thedoorclosewhengoingout.(2013，宁夏，38)A．outsideB．outC．insideD．over解析：由下文中“whengoingout”可知，他应该是把钥匙落在家里了。答案：__C__Iwantedtogetarideinsomebodyelse'scar，butitwasdarkandtherewasnocar.Itwasalso__2__totakeataxi.(2013，湘潭)(B)2.A.easy

B．difficult

C．early③巧用平行结构，判断逻辑平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。【例3】JimSmithwasapoorboy.Onedayhewasverycoldand________.Hecametoahouseandaskedayoungwomanonlyforaglassofwater.(2013，云南，41)A．hotB．hungryC．coolD．strong解析：由上文“hewasverycold”可知，与cold相对的是“饿”。答案：__B__Itwasagrammarlesson.He__8__grammar.Hewantedtoleaveschoolandwork...Thenhestarteddaydreaming.(2013，新疆，41)(A)8.A.hatedB．lovedC．studiedD．enjoyedPeopleoftenfeelstressedwhentheyhaveabig__9__suchasperforminginaplay，takingatest，orplayinginasportsmatch.(2013，青海，43)(B)9.A.workB．jobC．restD．sleepc．正逆向联合法【例8】...，thebestdoctorsinthetownexaminedhimcarefully，butcouldfindnothingwrong...Itwasjustthatheneverspoke.“Theremightbesomethingwrongwithhis________，andhedoesn'tknowhe'sabletospeak，”onedoctorsaid.(2013，安徽，55)A．backB．hairC．faceD．mind解析：由上文中“butcouldfindnothingwrong”及下文中“hedoesn'tknowhe'sabletospeak”可知，医生判断，他的脑袋出了问题。答案：__D__Amanwasdrivinghiscaronacountryroad.Suddenlytwothree­leggedchickensranacrosstheroad.“Wow！How__10__thosechickensrun！”saidtheman.Hewasreallycuriousaboutthesechickens，...“Interesting!Howdoesthechickentaste？”askedtheman.“Well，thereisaproblem—wehaven'tbeenabletocatchoneyet!”saidthefarmer.(2013，南宁，36)(D)10.A.slowly

B．quick

C．sudden

D．fast⑦复读全文，检验答案把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是：a．顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。b．瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的在四个选项里找。c．顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。d．认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。总之要想成功突破完形填空必须做到：研读首尾，抓主题；上下联系，寻信息；左顾右盼，找搭配；思前想后，觅逻辑；语境分析，辨词义；回读检查，补漏洞。(一)Roberthadjustmovedintotheneighborhood，andhehadastrangefeelingthathewasnotwanted.Hethoughtmaybe__1__boysweretryingtogetideaofwhathewaslike.Butthatdidn'tmakehimfeelanyless__2__．Hewasnew，andhehadtobe__3__．Still，provinghimselfwouldnotbeall__4__easy.Hedidn'twanttomakefriendswithbadboysordoanything__5__thelawtoprovethathewas__6__．No！Hemustshowwhathewas__7__inagoodway.That'showhegothisidea.ThenextdaywasSaturday.He__8__thatmostoftheboyswouldgodowntotheplaygroundandchoosesidesforSaturday's__9__game.Robertknewhewasstrong.Thentheboyswouldwanttobehisfriends.He__10__earlyanddidhisstepexercises.Heshottheballseveraltimesanddidsomeotherexercises，someof__11__wereverydifficultandlookedcool.Thentheboyscame.Robert__12__whathehaddonebeforethegameand__13__whathecoulddo.Noonesaida__14__．Theboysjustlookedateachotherandthoughtaboutit.Whenitwasallover，thebiggestoneinthegroup__15__andshookhishead.Robertknewhehadmadeit.(D)1.A.anotherB．theothersC．othersD．theother(A)2.A.lonelyB．friendlyC．happyD．uncertain(D)3.A.examinedB．checkedC．correctedD．tested(B)4.A.evenB．thatC．tooD．much(B)5.A.forB．againstC．onD．about(C)6.A.weakB．friendlyC．strongD．lovely(A)7.A.madeofB．madefromC．madeupofD．madeinto(D)8.A.decidedB．consideredC．realizedD．knew(A)9.A.footballB．basketballC．volleyballD．baseball(A)10.A.arrivedB．gotC．reachedD．appeared(D)11.A.thatB．itC．themD．which(B)12.A.lookedthroughB．wentthroughC．livedthroughD．gotthrough(A)13.A.showedB．actedC．playedD．gave(B)14.A.letterB．wordC．phraseD．sentence(C)15.A.criedB．leftC．smiledD．stayed(A)7.A.madeofB．madefromC．madeupofD．madeinto(D)8.A.decidedB．consideredC．realizedD．knew(A)9.A.footballB．basketballC．volleyballD．baseball(A)10.A.arrivedB．gotC．reachedD．appeared(D)11.A.thatB．itC．themD．which(B)12.A.lookedthroughB．wentthroughC．livedthroughD．gotthrough(A)13.A.showedB．actedC．playedD．gave(B)14.A.letterB．wordC．phraseD．sentence(C)15.A.criedB．leftC．smiledD．stayed【短文大意】Robert搬进一个新社区时，感到不受大家欢迎。他想尽办法证明自己的能力给大家看。他采用和其他孩子一起打球的方式交朋友。最终，他成功了。1．D

【解析】theother作定语，指除自己以外，其他的男孩。2．A

【解析】上句“他认为孩子们可能正在了解他是个什么样的人”，但这(想法)并没有让他少些孤独感。3．D

【解析】结合文意可知，新来者必须被检测。4．B

【解析】由句意“然而，证明自己并不是那么容易。”可知选B。5．B

【解析】他不想和坏男孩交朋友，也不想做任何违反法律的事来证明他(很强壮)。6．C

【解析】结合上下文，Robert想得到大家的认可，就必须强壮。7．A

【解析】whathewasmadeup在此处指他的品行、才能等。8．D

【解析】根据上下文可知knew为正确答案。9．A

【解析】由下文“heshottheballseveraltimes”可知。10．A

【解析】此处应该用不及物动词，get，reach后应该加地点，

结合句意选A。11．D

【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词exercise是物，故用which或that。但是定语从句中of提前，只能用which。12．B

【解析】考查词组辨析。lookthrough浏览；gothrough经历；livethrough经历……(而未死/幸存)；getthrough接通电话。13．A

【解析】结合上下文，表示展示给某人看。14．B

【解析】句意“没有人说话”。15．C

【解析】由shookhishead判断出thebiggestone很高兴。

(二)(2014，扬州)Afirst­gradestudentwhosebestfriendisfightingagainstcancerthoughtthathoursofplayingandtellingjokeswasnotenough—hewantedtoshowhowheunderstoodthe__16__timehisbuddywasgoingthrough.Seven­year­oldVincentButterfield__17__tocutoffhishairinsupportofhisbestfriendZacGossagewholosthishairthroughchemotherapy(化疗)．Zacisreceivingtreatmentbut__18__goestoUnionCentralElementarySchoolinMissourieveryday，__19__that'swherehegetstoplayontheswingswithVincent.VincentfoundoutthatZacmight__20__hishairbecauseofthechemotherapytreatment.Sooneday，heshowedupinthefirstgradeclasswearinga__21__．HesaidtohisteacherMrs.Koester，“IhaveasurpriseforZac.”Andhepulledoffhiscapandother__22__sawthathealreadyhadallhishair__23__off.

“IdiditjusttomakeZacfeelhe'snottheonlyonewithoutany__24__，”saidVincent.Vincenthasalsobeenraisingmoneyforhisbestfriendafterlearninghow__25__thechemotherapytreatmentsare.Heaskedhismothertomake__26__than20scarvesandgloves.Heandhismother__27__thematthepriceof10dollarseach，raisingover200dollarsforZac.TheencouragementfromVincentseemstobeworking.ThoughZacisreceivingtreatments，hehas__28__missedanydaysofschool.HeknowsthatVincentisoutontheplayground，waitingforhimatbreak.Whenasked__29__friendshipwas，VincentlookedathisfriendZac，thoughtfora(an)__30__andreplied，“It'sabeautifulthing.”Clearly，wisdomdoesn'talwayscomewithage.

(A)16.A.hardB．excitingC．unpleasantD．pleasant(A)17.A.decidedB．refusedC．agreedD．disliked(D)18.A.everB．neverC．justD．still(C)19.A.thoughB．butC．becauseD．so(C)20.A.raiseB．addC．loseD．fall(D)21.A.maskB．scarfC．gloveD．cap(B)22.A.teachersB．kidsC．parentsD．patients(C)23.A.pulledB．sentC．cutD．put(D)24.A.friendsB．moneyC．clothesD．hair

(A)25.A.expensiveB．successfulC．importantD．meaningful(B)26.A.fewerB．moreC．worseD．better(C)27.A.madeB．donatedC．soldD．collected(D)28.A.alreadyB．alwaysC．nearlyD．hardly(B)29.A.howB．whatC．whereD．which(A)30.A.momentB．hourC．morningD．day【短文大意】VincentButterfield是一个一年级的学生，他的好友ZacGossage正经受着癌症的折磨。Zac因为接受化疗而失去了头发，Vincent为了表示对好友的支持，也把头发剪掉了。而且，他还为好友筹款。他们之间的感人故事为我们诠释了什么是真正的友谊。16．A

【解析】结合上文中的“isfightingagainstcancer”可知，他的朋友正经历着“艰难的”时期。故符合题意的词是hard。17．A

【解析】VincentButterfield“决定”剪掉自己的头发，以此来支持因为化疗而失去头发的好友ZacGossage。故decided符合题意。18．D

【解析】Zac正在接受治疗，但“仍然”每天去上学。故still符合题意。19．C

【解析】结合设空前后句子之间的因果关系可知，because符合题意。20．C

【解析】结合上文第二段中“...losthishairthroughchemotherapy(化疗)”可知，Zac因为化疗而“失去”了头发。故lost符合题意。21．D

【解析】结合下文中的cap可知答案为D。22．B

【解析】结合上下文可知，他摘掉帽子之后，其他“孩子”看到他把头发全部剪掉了。故答案为B。23．C

【解析】表示“剪掉”头发要用动词cut。24．D

【解析】Vincent那样做只是想让Zac觉得他不是唯一没有“头发”的人。结合上下文中多次出现的hair可知答案为D。25．A

【解析】Vincent得知化疗的费用是多么“昂贵”之后，他开始为他的好朋友筹款。故所缺的词是expensive。26．B

【解析】morethan是固定搭配，意为“超过；多于”，符合题意。27．C

【解析】结合其后的描述可知，他和他的妈妈把围巾和手套“卖”了。故sold符合题意。28．D

【解析】尽管Zac正在接受治疗，但他“几乎不”会错过学校上课的日子。故hardly符合题意。29．B

【解析】“________friendshipwas”在此作asked的宾语，意为“当被问到友谊是什么时”，根据句意可知选what。30．A

【解析】foramoment表示“一会儿”，符合题意。(三)(2014，金华、义乌)Serenawastheoldestchildinthefamily，andherhouseworkwastomow(割草)theiryard(院子)．Mrs.Martin，theirelderlyneighbor，wasnot__31__totakecareofheryard，soSerena'sdadpromised__32__thatSerenawoulddothisjob.“Whydidn'tyouaskmefirst？”

Serenaasked__33__．“Didyouaskmefirstwhenyougotmetobeintheschoolfestivallastautumn？”

askedherfather.“Well，no，Ididn'taskyoufirst，__34__you'realwaysreadytohelpothers.”“ItrywhenIcan，”

Dadanswered.“Serena，wehaveknownMrs.Martinforaverylongtime.Shehasalways__35__ourfamily.Nowweshoulddosomethingforherinreturn.What'smore，the__36__yougetfromhelpingothersmakesyouwonderwhoishelpingwhom.”

“Idon'tknow，Dad，”

saidSerena.“Ionlyfeel__37__aftermowingouryard.”“Iknowit'shardworkforyou，”

saidDad.“Justwaitandsee.”Serenahad__38__at7：30a．m.，thenmadeherwaytoMrs.Martin'syard.Shewas__39__herjobandsoonMrs.Martin'syardlookedmuchtidier.Mrs.Martin__40__withabigglassoforangejuiceand__41__ittoher.Serenastoppedherworkandenjoyedthe__42__，whileMrs.Martinwastalkingtoheraboutalloftheflowersinheryard.Seeingthejoy(喜悦)inMrs.Martin'seyes，Serenabeganto__43__howmuchtheyardmeanttoMrs.Martin.After__44__herdrink，Serenareturnedto__45__intheyard，feeling