必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars学案含解析

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars主题：人与自然子话题：地球与宇宙奥秘探索对应教材：必修1Unit3Traveljournal;必修1Unit4Earthquakes;必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection;必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars;必修3Unit5Canada—“TheTrueNorth”信蜜昱k夯实必备知识iPart1＞重点单词•巧记I.核心单词1.atmospheren.大气层；气氛2.fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的3.thusadv.因此；于是4.gentlea"温和的；文雅的5.climaten.气候6.crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7.pulln.&vt.拉（力）；拖；牵引力8.floatvi.&vt.（使）浮动；（使）漂浮〃.漂浮物9.systemn.系统；体系；制度10.theoryn.学说；理论11.existvi.存在；生存12.unlikeprep.与不同；不像II.拓展单词religionn.宗教；宗教信仰freligiousadj.宗教的violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的fviolencen.暴力一violentlyadv.暴力地;猛烈地harmfuladj.有害的一»harmn.&v.伤害一harmlessadj.无害的existvi.存在；生存-*existencen.存在；生存puzzlevi.&vt.（使）迷惑；（使）为难n.谜；难题-*puzzledadj.迷惑不解的一puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的iPart2＞核心短语•闪记(4)make+it+nogood/nouse/novalue...+doingsth.常用于这种句型的动词还有：think,consider,find,feel等。•【语境速测】单句语法填空©IhaveagoodmandofEnglish,whichmakesiteasierformetofind(find)agoodjob.②Heisstubborn,whichmakesitnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.③Iexplainedeverystepoftheprocessindetail,whichmadeitpossibleforthemtounderstandhowtomaketea.zStep3强化检测•提升学习靛力li.单句语法填空(2020,全国I卷)Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey*reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful(harm)chemicalsingroundwater.(2020•全国UI卷)Asthesmal1boatmovedgently(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020,新高考全国I卷)Andcontrarytoexisting(exist)researchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份)，it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.(2020•全国H卷)Th。popularityoftheseplatformsisspreadingglobally(globe).(2020•江苏高考)AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthemitmentWilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable(prevent).n.完成句子Whatisknowntousisthatdrinkingtoomuchisharmfultoourhealth.众所周知，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。(harmful)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯(makeit+〃.+todo...)LiMing'smobilephonolookedjustthesameasZhangHua's,butthepricewastwiceasmuchasZhangHua's.李明的看起来和张华的一样，但价格却是他的两倍％（倍数表达法）Thetyphoonwassoviolentthatitdestroyedmanycars,treesandevenhouses.这次台风太猛烈了以至于破坏了许多小汽车、树木甚至房子。(violent)It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughmunicationornot.他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。in.语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)Unlikeotherstarsinspace,themoonisasatelliteofourplanet—theearth,1.theonlyonesuitableforlifeinthesolarsystem.Fromancienttime,people2.wished(wish)tobeabletofloatintheairortraveltothemoon.Theyevenimaginedtheunbelievablelifeonthemoon.However,itisimpossibleforpeople3.tolive(live)onthemoon,forthereisnoexistenceofatmosphere,4.especially(cspccia1)nooxygenandtheclimateisviolent.Nowthatwecan'tliveonthemoon,whydo5.scientists(scientist)sparenoeffortstodoresearchintoit?Thatisbecausescientistsaremakinguse6.ofthespecialgravity,whichisone-sixthof7.thatontheearth,toimprovethegrowingofcrops.Itisalsousedfor8.global(globe)munication.Butsomeevilonesusespaceformilitarypurpose.Now,itis9.recognized(recognize)thatthepeacefuluseofspaceisafundamentalprinciple.Mducing(produce)spaceweapons.zStep4直击高考•培养思推品质"f-核心素养让学生能在了解国内外文化差异的前提下，认清并树立积极向上的价值观高考链接2020•新高考全国I卷阅读理解C;2020•天津高考阅读理解D;2019•北京高考阅读理解BI.话题与阅读理解(2020・新高考全国I卷阅读理解C)Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-ycar-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬4L）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.【文章大意】本文是对TomBissell的书的介绍与评论。WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?Hisfriends*invitation.Hisinterestinthecountry.Hisloveforteaching.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.【解析】选细节理解题。根据第一段中的Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthe...可知他对这个国家感兴趣。Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph2referto?Developingaseriousmentaldisease.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句话“他再次访问乌兹别克斯坦的结果比那要多得多”可推知that指代上一段的最后一句话也就是他去那里的目的，即写一本关于theAralSea消失的书，故选D。WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell*sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文中的第二、三段，特别是第三段他被警察怀疑贩毒，参加了奇怪的葬礼，后来又突然遭遇沙尘暴、疾病、渔船困在了海里等这样的经历可推知他的乌兹别克斯坦之旅是“多事故的”，故选B。Whatisthepurposeofthistext?Tointroduceabook.Toexpkiinaculturalphenomenon.Torememberawriter.Toremendatraveldestination.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。分析文章结构可知作者先引出书的名字，在第二、三段对书做了简单介绍，以及最后对书进行评价，故作者的目的就是介绍这样一本书。故选A。【微技能点拨】顺藤摸瓜，把控故事情节本文属于记叙文，是高考阅读理解中难度比较低的，基本上都是按照故事发展的时间顺序来展开。最后经常有一两句话抒发作者的情绪和感悟，这是记叙文的精华也是难点。主要考查细节、猜词和推断，如本文。因此，学生首先要弄清楚故事情节(what,who,when,where,why),顺藤摸瓜，定位与题目相关的词句甚至段落，透过字里行间(发生了什么)把握作者的情感或寓意表达。本文中第1题为细节理解题，根据策略解题如下：Step1确定题干关键词：题干关键词：what...MrBissellreturntoUzbekistanStep2回到原文准定位：第一段第三句Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Step3对比选项找最佳：尝试解答：Bo【语用提能】volunteer;disappearance;host;wonder;sadden;stuck;话题词汇well-roundedloseone'smind精神错乱;失去理智,不能自制短语endupdoing最终pickup拿起;好转；接收【微语法填空】(2020•新高考全国I卷阅读理解C改编)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Inthemid-1990s,TomBissell1.taught(teach)EnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Afewyearslater,still2.attracted(attract)tothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowrit。anarticle.Bisvisit,however,endedup3.involving(invo1ve)alotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,talksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,4.wheremi1lionsofliveshavebeendestroyed.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangelandandalsoaquicklook5.atlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessand6.warmth(warm),butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegets7.atasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdi'ugdealing.MrBissel18.skillfully(skill)organizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravel9.norahistorybook.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestof10.Central(center)Asiantraditions.II.话题与写作假定你是李华，你们班对于是否需要太空探索进行了热烈的讨论。请根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇短文。.大部分赞成：许多新产品，如气象卫生、通信卫星都直接得益于空间研究，使全球人民受益匪浅；.一些人反对：太空探索浪费时间和金钱；.你的观点。Step1写作技巧.词汇提升（短语优先）。Therearemanystudentswhobelievethatspaceexplorationhasmoreadvantages.-*Thereareamajorityofstudentswhobelievethatspaceexplorationhasmoreadvantages..句式多变（用it作形式主语）。However,othersthinkthatspaceexplorationisawasteoftimeandmoney.fHowever,othersthinkthatitisawasteoftimeandmoneytoexplorespace..思维品质（谚语的使用）。Everycoinhastwosides（任何事物都有两面性）.Inmyopinion,thoughspaceexplorationisachallengetohumanbeings,itisworthit.Step2妙笔成篇Recently,ourclasshadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetherweneedspaceexploration.Thereareamajorityofstudentswhobelievethatspaceexplorationhasmoreadvantages.Manynewproducts,suchasweatherandmunicationsatellites,areproductsofspaceprograms,andtheyhavebenefitedpeopleallovertheworld.However,othersthinkthatitisawasteoftimeandmoneytoexplorespace.Theypointoutthefactthatithascostbillionsofdollarstocarryoutthespaceresearch,buttherehavebeenmanymysterieswith1ittleinformationbroughtback.Everycoinhastwosides.Inmyopinion,thoughspaceexplorationisachallengetohumanbeings,itisworthit.layeggslayeggsgivebirthtoinone'sturnwatchoutforcheerupdependonbreakoutprevent...fromblockoutnowthatiPart3＞经典句式•速记下蛋产生；分娩轮到某人；接着密切注意；当心；提防感到高兴；感到振奋依靠；取决于突发；爆发阻止；制止挡住（光线）既然1.1.【句型公式】：makeit+adj./n.+for1.【句型公式】：1.【句型公式】：makeit+adj./n.+forThisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop（使生命的发展成为可能）.Thisproducedachainreaction,2.【句型公式】：（1）倍数+as+many/much+/7.+as（2）倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as（3）倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than（4）倍数+thesize/length/height/depth/width+of...是的多少倍ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearth（地球上的两倍远）andfellover.教师独具联想拓展•多积累“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达©preventsb.fromdoingsth.②stopsb.fromdoingsth.③bansb.fromdoingsth.④keepsb.fromdoingsth.©discouragesb.fromdoingsth.“动词+oul”短语集锦①blockout挡住（光线）②breakout突发；爆发③findout查出；弄明白④dieout灭绝⑤putout扑灭⑥runout用完@letout泄露；发出（声音）⑧eout出版zStepl诵读在戏•渗透文化意谓lI.细品味经典文章（2020•全国IH卷阅读理解D）Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,“saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadea1ivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshelIfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaUardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,“saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelp

theBcijciudive.n.按要求完成任务写出文章中有关人类与环境的单词和短语。evolution,adaptedto,adaptation,madealiving,underwater,naturalselection,physicalcharacteristicszStep2固本强基•数造语言能力卅I.重点词汇harmfuladj.有害的•【教材原句】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.(P26)许多科学家认为水的持续存在让地球将有害的气体和酸溶解到海洋中去。•【词块必记】(l)beharmfultosb./sth.对某人/某物有害对某人为害对某人为害对某人为害(2)docauseharmtosb.docausesl).harm对某人为害做某事没有坏处Thereisnoharmindoingsih.(3)做某事没有坏处lldocsnoharmtodoslh.•【语境速测】单句语法填空©Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone'shealth.@AsfarasI,mconcerned,thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.一句多译众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。③Wcallknowthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodisharmfultoyourhealth.@Itisknowntousthateatingtoomuchjunkfooddoesharmtoyourhealth.句式升级(用what引导的主语从句改写上面的句子)⑤Whatisknowntousisthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodisharmfultoourhealth.existvi.存在；生存•【典型例句】

Theproblemonlyexistsinyourhead,Jane.简，这个问题不过是你的想象。•【词块必记】(1)existin(1)existinexistonthereexist(s)...(2)existenceeintoexistence(3)existing靠……为生某地有……；存在存在；生存产生；成立；开始存在adj.现存的；现行的•【语境速测】单句语法填空®Hefindsithardtoexistonthemoneyhe,searning.©Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist).一句多译农业也存在着一些问题。③Problemsalsoexistinagriculture.®Therealsoexistproblemsinagriculture.©Therearealsoexistingproblemsinagriculture.puzzlevt.使迷惑；使为难〃.谜；难题【典型例句】Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他们为什么干那件事仍然让我费解。【伺块必记】冥思苦想；苦苦思索冥思苦想；苦苦思索一件让某人感到困惑的事情adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的对……迷惑不解adj.令人困惑的冥思苦想；苦苦思索一件让某人感到困惑的事情adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的对……迷惑不解冥思苦想；苦苦思索一件让某人感到困惑的事情adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的对……迷惑不解adj.令人困惑的(3)puzzledbepuzzledabout(4)puzzling【熟词生义】

Whiledoingextensivereading,youdon'thavetopuzzleovereverysinglewordorphraseinthepassage.在进行泛读时，不用仔细琢磨文中的每个单词或短语。（匕琢磨）【语境速测】单句语法填空@Shelostheartsinceshefailedtheexam,becauseherfuturewaspuzzling(puzzle).②Peoplehavelongpuzzledover/abouthowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.句式升级Youarepuzzledover/aboutit.ItisapuzzletomanyparentsinChina.(用what构成复合句）③WhatpuzzlesyouisactuallyapuzzletomanyparentsinChina.・【写作金句】Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookingpuzzled.今天早上，当我走在街上，我看到两位游客正在看地图，看起来很困惑。II.核心短语inone'sturn轮到某人•【教材原句】Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.(P26)这样，轮到他们，成为这个星球.匕最重要的动物。•【词块必记】inturninturninturnbyturns依次；轮流；反过来轮流；交替地inturnbyturnstaketurnstodosth.轮流做某事taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事轮到某人做某事结果1tisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事结果Itturns/turnedoutthat...•【语境速测】单句语法填空®Atthemeetingtheytookturnstoput(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.②Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherbyturns.完成句子③I,inmyturn,becameembarrassedandtoldhertotakethemoneyback.这下轮到我尴尬了，我告诉她把钱拿回去。III.经典句式ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远。步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因此我摔倒了。•【句型公式】(1)倍数+as+many/much+〃.+as(2)倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as⑶倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than(4)倍数+thesize/length/height/depth/width+of【名师点津】(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+timcs”表达。(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达.•【语境速测】完成句子©Therearefivetimesasmanybooksinourlibraryasinyours.我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的五倍。②Myschoolhasexpandedintoabigone,whichisthreetimesasbigasthepreviousone.我的己扩展成一所大，是之前的三倍大。③Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.电子垃圾的增长速度是传统垃圾的三倍。【备选要点】pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力•【典型例句】Wcthoughttheremightbesomethingwecoulddo,sowequicklypulledovertohelp.

我们认为或许可以做些事情，因此我们快速地把车停在路边去帮忙。，【词块必记】