动词的ing形式作定语和状语

动词的ing形式作定语和状语Review动词-ing形式能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。动词-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。1.作定语

动词-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语,这时有两种情况。(1)动词-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思,这类作定语的-ing形式叫动名词。aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingasleepingcar=acarforsleeping(2)动词-ing形式表示“......的”意思,此时含有“正在·······”的意思，叫现在分词。asleepingchild

workingpeopletherisingsunawalkingstick=astickusedforwalkingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinkingawaitingroom=aroomforwaiting动词-ing形式是短语，应放在所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.whocomefromseveralcountries.

ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingme

thejob.whichofferedmethejob.Thegirlstandingthere__________________

ismyclassmate.whostandstherePractice:____dogsseldombite.BarkB.TobarkC.BarkedD.Barking(2)Thewolfspokeina_____voiceandMr.Dongguofelt______.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frighten;frighteningD.frightening;frighteningDA(3)It’spleasuretowatchthefaceofa____baby.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept(4)The____buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shakeCA现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它地各种形式变化：

主动形式被动形式

V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed

一般式完成式现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)，即加在含有ing这个单词的前面。Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.现在正在建造地这栋楼房室我们地新图书馆（beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作，他就回家了。现在分词作状语现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1）表时间状语2)表原因状语Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.）既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个动作，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。这时候，可以变成一个and连接的并列句。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表结果(表示自然而然、顺其自然的结果）Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表条件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingaheading形式的否定式、完成式及其被动语态（完成式表示v-ing的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前）1.Neverwantingittohappenagain,theteacherscoldedJimseriously.2.Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtoaskhersisterforhelp.3.Beingbuilt,thebuildingsarenotopentothestudents.4.Havingexperiencedthebitternessoflaziness,Jackmadeuphismindtoworkhard.5.Havingbeentoldthattheirparentshadhadanaccident,thetwinsistersburstintotears.如果动词ing形式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语怎么办？动词的ing形式（现在分词）作状语必须满足一个条件:现在分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。如果不是这样，那么就要在现在分词的前面加上它的逻辑主语，这样就变成了独立主格结构。

动词的ing形式与逻辑主语构成独立主格结构：

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywent

awaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

（with的复合结构）

Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。

v-ing作独立成分：

Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbe

anactor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。considering···········考虑到·········assuming/supposing/providingthat..........假如·········1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher._________________MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.I.Rewritethefollowingsentences.

Whenapproaching2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.

Theperson__________________can

speaksevenlanguages.translatingthesongs3.Theboystandingthereisreadinga

bookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy______________thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.whoisstanding4.BecausehecomesfromJordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion____________Jordan,hemovesclose

toaskyouaquestion.Comingfrom1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttell

youwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.Nothavingwork