公共英语五级-87-真题(含答案与解析)-交互

公共英语五级-87(总分110,做题时间90分钟)SectionⅠListeningComprehension

Directions:

ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.

Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstanswerthequestionsinyourtestbooklet,notontheANSWERSHEET.Attheendofthe**prehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferyouranswersfromyourtestbookletontoANSWERSHEET1.

Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youmayraiseyourhandNOWasyouwillnotbeallowedtospeakoncethetesthasstarted.

NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartA

Youwillhearatalkonthebenefitsofreadinggoodbooks.Asyoulisten,answerQuestions1～10bycirclingTRUEorFALSE.YouwillhearthetalkONLYONCE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions1～10.1.

Agoodbookmaydrawourattentionsocompletelythatweforgetoursurroundingsandevenouridentityforthetimebeing.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:正确[听力原文]1-10

Fromgoodreadingwecanobtainpleasure,companionship,experience,andinstruction.Agoodbookmayabsorbourattentionsocompletelythatforthetimebeingweforgetoursurroundingsandevenouridentity.Readinggoodbooksisoneofthegreatestpleasuresinlife.Itincreasesourcontentmentwhenwearecheerful,andlessensourtroubleswhenwearesad.Whatevermaybeourmainpurposeinreading,ourcontactwithgoodbooksshouldneverfailtogiveusenjoymentandsatisfaction.

Withagoodbookinourhandsweneedneverbelonely.Whetherthecharactersportrayedaretakenfromreallifeoraretotallyimaginarytheymaybecome**panionsandfriends.Inthepagesofbookswecanwalkwiththewiseandthegoodofalllandsandalltimes.Thepeoplewemeetinbooksmaydelightuseitherbecausetheyresemblehumanfriendswhomweholddearorbecausetheypresentunfamiliartypeswhomwearegladtowelcomeasnewacquaintances.Ourhumanfriendssometimesmayboreus,butthefriendswemakeinbooksneedneverwearyuswith**pany.Byturningthepagewecandismissthemwithoutanyfearofhurtingtheirfeelings.Whenhumanfriendsdesertus,goodbooksarealwaysreadytogiveusfriendship,sympathy,andencouragement.

Oneofthemostvaluablegiftsbestowedbybooksisexperience.Fewofuscantravelfarfromhomeorhaveawiderangeofexperiences,butallofuscanleadvariedlivesthroughthepagesofbooks.Whetherwewishtoescapefromtheseeminglydullrealitiesofeverydaylifeorwhetherweexpecttovisitsomefar-offplace,abookwillhelpuswhennothingelsecan.Totravelbybookweneednobankaccounttopayourway;noairshiporoceanlinerorstream-linedtraintotransportus;nopassporttoenterthelandofourheart'sdesire.Throughbookswemaygetthethrillofhazardousadventurewithoutdanger.Wecanclimbloftymountains,bravetheperilsofanantarcticwinter,orcrosstheScorchingsandsofthedesert,allwithouthardship.InbookswemayvisitthestudiosofHollywood;wemayminglewiththegaythrongsoftheParisboulevards;wemayjointhepicturesquepeasantsinanAlpinevillageorthekindlynativesonaSouthSeaisland.Indeed,throughbooksthewholeworldisoursfortheasking.Thepossibilitiesofourliteraryexperiencesarealmostunlimited.Thebeautiesofnature,theenjoymentofmusic,thetreasuresofart,thetriumphsofarchitecture,themarvelsofengineeringareallopentothewonderandenjoymentofthosewhoread.2.

Goodbookscandecreaseourcontentmentwhenwearehappyandlessenourtroubleswhenwearesad.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:错误3.

Withonlyagoodbookweareverylikelytofeellonely.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:错误4.

Accordingtothetalk,onlyrealcharactersportrayedinbooksmaybecomeourfriends.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:错误5.

Ourhumanfriendssometimesmaymakeusbored,butthefriendsinbooksmayalsobehurtbyus.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:错误6.

Goodbookscanprovideuswithawiderangeofexperiences.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:正确7.

Yourwishtovisitsomefar-offplacescanberealizedbyjustreadingbooks.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:错误8.

"Totravelbybook"meanstotakeimaginaryjourneystotheplacesmentionedinthebook.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:正确9.

Thepossibilitiesofourliteraryexperiencesarealmostunlimited.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:正确10.

Wecanmakearound-the-worldtripfreeofchargeifwefinishreadingenoughbooks.正确

错误

该问题分值:1答案:错误PartB

Youwillhear3conversationsortalksandyoumustanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.YouwillheartherecordingONLYONCE.

Questions11～13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutbusinessmanagement.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11～13.11.

Tostartanewbusiness,youshouldfirst______.A

getaheadofyourselfB

explorethemarketC

knowmore**petitorsD

forecastthelowestcost

该问题分值:1答案:B[听力原文]11-13

Oneofthefirststepsinexaminingyourbusinessideaistodosomeresearchtogettoknowmoreaboutyourmarket.Presumablyyoualreadyknowthatamarketexistsforyourproduct.Ifyouhaveanideaforabusinessbutyou'renotsurewhetheramarketforitexistsorisbigenoughtosupportyourbusiness,youaregettingaheadofyourself.Ifthatdescriptionappliestoyou,you'llneedtotakeastepbackandlookatfindingtherightsmallbusinessforyou.

Forthosewhobelievethatamarketexists,butwhowanttoknowmoreaboutthesizeandshapeofthemarketinordertoforecasttheirchancesforsuccess,researchisthebestplacetostart.Researchingyourmarkettoknowmoreaboutyourcustomersand**petitorsisacriticalstepforsmallbusinessowners.IfProcter&Gambleputsoutaproductthatdoesn'tsell,theymoveontothenextidea.Ifyouputoutaproductthatdoesn'tsell,you'reoutofbusiness.

Whenyouconductresearch,you'llwanttofindoutthefollowing:

·Whoareyourlikelycustomers?Wheredoyouthinkyourbusinessneedtobe(forexample,ifstudentsareyourcustomers,youmayneedtobenearschools)?

·Howcanyoureachyourcustomers?Whichmarketingoptionswillreachthemostcustomersatthelowestcost?

·Howmuchwilltheypayforyourproductorservice?Areyouplanningtochargetoomuchforyourproductorservice?Areyouplanningtochargetoolittle?

·Whoare**petitors?Haveyoualsoconsideredthosewhoaren'tdirect,competitorsbutwhomight**peteagainstyou(forexample,ifyousellanonlinemagazine,you'recompetingnotjustagainstotheronlinemagazinesbutagainstotherproductsthatoccupysomeone'sleisuretime)?

·Howwillyoubepositionedinthemarketplace?Will**petewithexistingbusinessesheadonorwillyoutrytofindaspecialplace?

Fora**pleteanalysisofhowtoassessyourmarket,pleaseattendourdiscussionintheseminarnextweekinClassroom250.12.

Whichofthefollowingquestionsshouldbeaskedinone'sresearchifhewantstostartanewbusiness?A

Whatisthesizeandshapeofhisbusiness?B

Whatishislikelyprofitinthebusiness?C

Howmuchwillbethemanagementcharge?D

Whoarehis**petitors?

该问题分值:1答案:D13.

Fromthetalkwecaninferthat______.A

bigbusinessescansustainlosseseveniftheymakeamistakeinselectingnewproductsB

bigbusinesseswillbeoutofbusinessiftheirnewproductsarenotwelcomedbythemarketC

smallbusinessescanadjusttheirmanagementquiteflexiblytosuitthemarketD

smallbusinessescanbeflexibleindecidingthepricerangefortheirnewproducts

该问题分值:1答案:AQuestions14～16arebasedontheopeningspeechoftheChairmanofthefinalsessioninaninternationalconferenceandastatementmadebyDr.Martin.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14～16.14.

Whatisthesubjectoftheconference?A

Geneandheredity.B

Decisionsciences.C

Interdisciplinaryresearch.D

Societalpolicymaking.

该问题分值:1答案:B[听力原文]14-16M:Ladiesandgentlemen.Asweallknow,therearegreatproblemsinherentinspecialistconferencesconcentratingonspecificareasofscientificresearch.Thiswasthechiefreasonforustoplanatrulyinterdisciplinaryconferenceon**plexsubjectofdecisionsciences.Equally,however,therearedangersinbringingtogethersomanyexpertsfromsomanydifferentdisciplines.Ittakesagenuineeffortforapersoninonedisciplinetolistentosomethingelsewhichmaybetotallyunfamiliartohim.Notonlytolisten,buttoabsorb.Thebenefitsfromitare,however,substantial.Theworkofothersmayhelpusdefineourownworkmoreclearlyandmaygiveusideasforfutureworkwhichwewouldnototherwisebeabletoobtain.

Well,now,inthefinalsession,wearegoingtoconsidersocietaldecisionmaking,andthisthemewillbeintroducedbyourfirstspeaker,Dr.MartinfromCambridgeUniversity.Dr.Martin!W:Thankyou,Mr.Chairman.Atfirst,Iwouldliketomakeastatementonbehalfof**mitteeofthisconference.Inattemptingtoprepareoursummariesofthegroups'discussions,my**mitteemembersandIhavefoundthetasktobeconsiderablymoredifficultthanwehadenvisaged.Wewouldliketobeabletopresentinbriefandrathersimplelanguagethemainthemesofyourdiscussionsandthequestionsremaininginparticularareas.Wehavediscoveredthatthedifferentvocabulariesusedbythedifferentgroupsofexpertshavecausedconsiderableconfusionamongmanyoftheconferenceparticipants.Forthisreasonwewouldliketoaskthemainspeakersfromthedifferentsectionstomeetinthelobbyimmediatelyafterthissession.Thankyou.

Now,mysubjecttodayis...[fadeout]15.

HowdoestheChairmanevaluatethiskindofconference?A

Problematic.B

Complicated.C

Beneficial.D

Interesting.

该问题分值:1答案:C16.

WhatisthetaskwhichDr.Martinand**mitteemembersfeeldifficult?A

Preparingsummaries.B

Holdinggroupdiscussions.C

Understandingthethemesofsomespeeches.D

Satisfyingtheconferenceparticipants.

该问题分值:1答案:AQuestions17～20arebasedonthefollowingtalk.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17～20.17.

Whatdothestudentshavetodoiftheywanttojoinaspecialinterestclass?A

SpeaktoAlison.B

GotoRoom45.C

Writetheirnamesundertheclassestheyhaveselected.D

Gototheclasstofillinaform.

该问题分值:1答案:C[听力原文]17-20

I'mgoingtotellyounowaboutthespecialinterestclassesthatwehaveonWednesdays.Youcanchoosewhatyouliketodo.Weputupalistinthenoticeboardandyoumustsignyournameundertheclassyouhavechosen.Then,at1:45onWednesdays,yougototheroomwherethatclassis.

Now,I'lltellyouwhichclassisinwhichroom.

Theteacherswillbeintheirusualclassrooms.SoMikewillbeinRoom7,NickywillbeinRoom4andPaulwillbeinRoom2.ExceptforPhilip,who'llbeinthelanguagelaboratory,andAlison,who'llbeinthelibrary.I'llexplainwhyinaminute.OK.Sowhataretheclasses?Well,therearetwosorts,really.Someofthemaretogiveyouextralanguagepracticeifyouwantit,andsomeofthemaremoregeneral.ButalltheclasseswillbegoodforyourEnglish.Forexample,PhilipwillbegivingyouanopportunitytoimproveyourunderstandingofspokenEnglish.Youcangotothelanguagelaboratoryandhewillhelpyoutochoosealisteningexercisewhichwillsuityourparticularneeds.AlisonwillbeshowingslidesinthelibraryeveryweektogiveyousomeideaaboutwhatyoucanseeifyouvisitotherpartsoftheUnitedKingdom.They'reverygoodslidesandAlisonwillbeabletotellyoulotsofinterestingbackgroundinformation.Thefirstweekshe'llbetalkingaboutEdinburgh.MikewillbedoingEnglishthroughSongs.That'sachancetoimproveyourEnglishandgettoknowthewordsofsomerecentlysuccessfulpopsongsindetail—findoutwhattheyreallymean!Perhapsevenlearntosingthem!Nickyisgoingtodopoetry.Thiswillbeespeciallyusefulforthoseofyouwhoaretakingtheliteratureexam,althoughanyoneiswelcometojoin,asshewillbelookingatallsortsofdifferentwork.18.

WherewillPaulgivehisclass?A

InRoom2.B

InRoom4.C

InRoom7.D

Inthelibrary.

该问题分值:1答案:A19.

WhatisPhilip'sclasson?A

Onspeaking.B

Onlistening.C

Onscience.D

Onmusic.

该问题分值:1答案:B20.

WhoisNicky'sclassfor?A

Thetopclassonly.B

Literaturestudentsonly.C

Anystudent.D

Onlythosewhowanttohaveexams.

该问题分值:1答案:CPartC

Youwillhearatalegivenbyauniversitylecturer.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21～30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21～30.21.

Accordingtothespeaker,whoshouldenjoytherightofAcademicFreedom?

该问题分值:1答案:Teachers(and)researchers.[听力原文]21-30

AcademicFreedomreferstotherightofteachersandresearchers,particularlyincollegesanduniversities,toinvestigatetheirrespectivefieldsofknowledgeandexpresstheirviewswithoutfearofrestraintordismissalfromoffice.Therightrestsontheassumptionthatopenandfreeinquirywithinateacher'sorresearcher'sfieldofstudyisessentialtothepursuitofknowledgeandtotheperformanceofhisorherpropereducationalfunction.Atpresentthisrightisobservedgenerallyincountriesinwhicheducationisregardedasameansnotonlyofpouringinestablishedviewsbutalsoofenlargingtheexistingbodyofknowledge.Theconceptofacademicfreedomimpliesalsothatateacher'semploymentdependsprimarilyon**petenceofteachersintheirfieldsratherthanonirrelevantconsiderationssuchaspoliticalorreligiousbeliefsorattachments.

Theconceptandpracticeofacademicfreedom,asrecognizedpresentlyinWesterncivilization,dateroughlyfromthe17thcentury.Beforethe17thcentury,intellectualactivitiesatuniversitieswererestrictedlargelybytheologicalconsiderations,andopinionsorconclusionsthatconflictedwithreligiousdoctrineswerelikelytobecondemnedasheretical.Inthelate17thcenturytheworkofsuchmenastheEnglishphilosophersJohnLockeandThomasHobbeshelpedpavethewayforacademicfreedominthemodernsense.Theirwritingsdemonstratedtheneedforunlimitedinquiryinthesciencesandforageneralapproachtolearningunrestrainedbypreconceptionsofanykind.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,universitiesinWesternEuropeandtheUnitedStatesenjoyedincreasingacademicfreedomasacceptanceoftheexperimentalmethodsofthesciencesbecamemorewidespreadandascontrolofinstitutionsbyreligiousdenominationsbecamelessrigorous.InBritain,however,religioustestsforgraduation,fellowships,andteachingpositionswerenotabolisheduntilthelate19thcentury.

Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,academicfreedomwasrecognizedbroadlyinmostWesterncountries.However,violationsoftherightincreasedasdictatorshipemergedinvariouscountries,notablyinGermany,Italy,andRussia.EducatorsinItalywereforcedtopledgesupporttotheFascistregime.Similarrestrictions,includingtheteachingofracisttheoriesinsomefields,wereenforcedinGermanuniversitiesunderNationalSocialism.

ViolationsofacademicfreedomalsooccurredintheUnitedStatesinthe20thcentury.AnotableexamplewastheScopestrial,heldinDayton,Tennessee,in1925.Ahighschoolteacherwasaccusedandconvictedofviolatingastatelawthatforbadetheteachingofthetheoryofevolutioninthepublicschools.Thislegislationwasabolishedin1967.

Intheearly1950s,largelybecauseofcongressionalinvestigationsofCommunismintheU.S.,manyinstitutionsofhigherlearningadoptedregulationsrequiringloyaltyoathsfromuniversityteachers,someoftheseoaths,insofarastheywererequiredonlyofteachers,weredeclaredunconstitutionalinsomestatecourts.Allprofessionalassociationsofteachersandadministrators,includingtheNationalEducationAssociation,theAmericanAssociationofColleges,andtheAmericanAssociationofUniversityProfessors,areopposedtospecialloyaltyoathsandtoallviolationsofacademicfreedom.

The1960sandearly1970sweremarkedbyprotestandviolenceoncollegecampusesoverUnitedStatesinvolvementinthewarinVietnam.InsomeplacesprofessorsweredismissedorarrestedforprotestingAmericanparticipationinthewar.Thisturmoilreachedatragicclimaxin1970withthekillingofseveralstudentsduringcampusdemonstrations.Inthelongrun,however,thesedisturbancesledtoabroadrecognitionofthelegitimateconcernsofstudentsaboutthequalityofhighereducation,andoftheresponsibilityofuniversities,ratherthanthepublicorthegovernment,tomaintainessentialacademicorder.

By1973,whenU.S.troopswerewithdrawnfromVietnam,ageneralgrowthinhighereducationwasunderway.Significantincreaseinenrollmentsandexpansionoffaculties,aswellasabroadeningofthemakeupofbothstudentandfacultypopulations,contributedtoavastenrichmentoftheacademiccurriculum,toincreasingfacultycontroloverthecontentofprograms,and,overall,totheenhancementofthefreedomtoteachandtolearnincollegesanduniversities.

Beginningintheearly1970sintheUnitedStates(andsomewhatlaterinothercountriessuchasCanadaandtheUnitedKingdom),however,institutionsofhighereducationwerefacedwithseriousfinancialproblemswhichalsoharmedacademicfreedom.Forexample,theriseinirregularfacultyappointments,intendedtosavemoney,createdavirtualunderclassofteacherslackingtheemploymentsecuritygenerallyconsiderednecessaryfortheexerciseofacademicfreedom.

Threatstoanyviolationsofacademicfreedomcontinuedinthe1980s.TheU.S.government,inthenameofnationalsecurity,imposedsevererestraintsonthepublicationofresearchresults.Theinfluenceofresurgentreligiousconservatismwasfeltinsomeareasinanefforttointroducereligiousteachingsinelementaryandsecondaryschools,andinlimitsonfreeexpressionatchurch—affiliatedcollegesanduniversities.Inmanyothernations(amongthem,SouthAfrica,theSovietUnion,Poland,andCuba)educatorswhoseteachingswereobjectionabletothegovernmentweresometimesdismissed,harassed,orimprisoned.22.

Ateacher'semploymentdependon______.

该问题分值:1答案:teachers'competence23.

Whenwerereligioustestsforgraduation,fellowships,andteachingpositionsabolishedinBritain?

该问题分值:1答案:Late19thcentury.24.

Wheredidviolationsoftherightofacademicfreedomgreatlyincreaseduringthefirsthaftofthe20thcentury?

该问题分值:1答案:Germany,Italy,Russia.25.

WhendidTennesseeabolishthestatelawthatforbadetheteachingofthetheoryofevolutioninthepublicschools?

该问题分值:1答案:In1967.26.

Whatdidmanyinstitutionsofhigherlearningrequirefromuniversityteachersintheearly1950s?

该问题分值:1答案:Loyaltyoaths.27.

WhathappenedtothoseprofessorswhoprotestedAmericanparticipationintheVietnamWar?

该问题分值:1答案:Dismissedorarrested.28.

Whatwasunderwayinhighereducationby1973,whenU.S.troopswerewithdrawnfromVietnam?

该问题分值:1答案:Ageneralgrowth.29.

Intheearly1970s,whatproblemsalsoharmedtheAcademicFreedominAmericaninstitutionsofhighereducation?

该问题分值:1答案:Seriousfinancialproblems.30.

ForwhatreasondidtheU.S.governmentimposesevererestraintsonthepublicationofresearchresultsin1980's?

该问题分值:1答案:Fornationalsecurity.SectionⅡUseofEnglish

ReadthefollowingtextandfilleachofthenumberedspaceswithONEsuitableword.WriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Theworryaboutsaltisthatitmay

(31)

highbloodpressure.Chemically,salt

(32)

ofsodiumandchlorideions,bothof

(33)

**moninthehuman

(34)

andareimportantformanyphysiologicalandbiochemical

(35)

.Wenotonlyneedsalt,wearesalt;buttoo

(36)

maystillbebadforus.Althoughtheideaofa

(37)

betweensaltandhighbloodpressure

(38)

backto2000BC,thereisstillnoscientific

(39)

astowhetherthisissoornot.Onereasonforthis

(40)

toagreeisthatindividualsaltintake

(41)

enormouslyfromdaytoday,andsoreliablemeasuresofintakearehardtocome

(42)

.

Thosewhobelievethatsaltdoes

(43)

tohighbloodpressurepointtothehigh

(44)

ofhighbloodpressureincountriesthateatavery

(45)

diet.InJapan,forinstance,wheresaltedfishisanimportantpartofthediet,highbloodpressureand

(46)

complications**mon,

(47)

amongsomeAmazonianandAfricantribes,whichhavealowintakeofsalt,theyarealmost

(48)

.

But

(49)

thereisthisneatrelationbetweensaltintakeandtheincidenceofhighbloodpressurebetweencountries,itdoesn'tseemtoapply

(50)

thosecountriesthemselves.Studies,forinstance,ofcoupleswhohaveasimilarsaltintakedon'tshowanyconsistencyinhowoftentheydevelophighbloodpressure.31.

该问题分值:1答案:cause[解析]cause表明了盐与高血压的因果关系，这也正是worry的内容。32.

该问题分值:1答案:consists[解析]sodiumandchlorideions是化学成分，可以判断盐是由这两种成分组成的。consistof也是固定词组。33.

该问题分值:1答案:which[解析]逗号的前后是两个句子，而且中间没有连词，这可以说明这两句是从属关系，后面一句可能是定语从句，又有both，刚好与前面所提到的两种化学成分对应。34.

该问题分值:1答案:body[解析]整篇文章都讲了关于盐与高血压的关系，且根据常识，可以推想盐分是在被人体吸收之后才会发生作用；35.

该问题分值:1答案:processes[解析]根据常识，化学成分要通过一定的过程发生作用。36.

该问题分值:1答案:mach[解析]从文章的主题以及上下文均可判断这里应填much。37.

该问题分值:1答案:link/connection/relationship[解析]本文是关于盐分与高血压的关系，而且又有between...and...。38.

该问题分值:1答案:goes/dates[解析]go/date与backto构成固定搭配，表示“回溯到”。39.

该问题分值:1答案:agreement/consensus/evidence/proof[解析]与前面的idea相对应。40.

该问题分值:1答案:failure/inability[解析]参考上下文的意思，前面是说盐与高血压的关系至今仍未有定论，也就是没有达成一致意见，所以应该是failure/inabilitytoagree。41.

该问题分值:1答案:varies[解析]与failuretoagree相对应，又与from...to...构成固定搭配。42.

该问题分值:1答案:by[解析]comeby是固定短语动词，表示“得到，获得”的意思。43.

该问题分值:1答案:lead/contribute[解析]contributeto是固定搭配，在句中表示盐分对高血压有影响。44.

该问题分值:1答案:incidence[解析]根据上下文可知此处指发病率。45.

该问题分值:1答案:salty[解析]salt为名词，very为副词，中间应填入一个形容词，本文又是关于盐与高血压的关系，因此在这里用salt的形容词salty。46.

该问题分值:1答案:its[解析]代词，指highbloodpressure。47.

该问题分值:1答案:whereas/while[解析]这句话是由两个从句组成，其内容刚好相反，应用whereas/while表示这种对比关系。48.

该问题分值:1答案:unknown/non-existent[解析]这段话主要是盐分的摄取与高血压的正相关关系，所以alowintakeofsalt不会导致highbloodpressureand**plications。49.

该问题分值:1答案:although/while[解析]两句之间是转折关系，因此应用although或while。50.

该问题分值:1答案:between[解析]前一个从句中有between，两句又是转折关系，从意思上看，句子表示国家之间这种关系是存在的，但在这些国家内部却未必如此。SectionⅢReadingComprehension

PartA

ReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompanythembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Text1

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleeping—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere'seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.

Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfrom**panions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafour-duckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32%ofdozingtimeversusabout12%forbirdsininternalspots.

"Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,"theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsingle-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He'sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingside-by-sideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-sleepingmightbe,it'sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsasdolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.

Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds'half-brainsleep"isjustthetipoftheiceberg".Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.51.

Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat______.A

thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespreadB

birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurityC

evenan**paniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurityD

asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

该问题分值:1答案:C[解析]第六段后两句，即鸟在镜子前睡觉的例子是对本段前两句的进一步佐证。Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutside...是为了对敌人的进攻保持警觉，而Themirror-sideeyeclosed是因为asifthereflectionwereacompanion(好像镜中的影像是它的同伴一样)。这正是C项的内容。52.

Anewstudyonbirds'sleephasrevealedthat______.A

half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirdsB

half-brainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwavesC

birdscancontroltheirhalf-brainsleepconsciouslyD

birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

该问题分值:1答案:C[解析]由题干中的关键短语Anewstudy回查文章中相关的句子，即第一段第一句话，“处于半睡眠状态，即一个大脑半球休息，而另一个半球则保持清醒的鸟类能控制着那一半球的大脑保持清醒。”即能自觉或自主地(consciously)控制大脑半球的睡眠，故选C项。53.

By"isjustthetipoftheiceberg"intheeighthparagraph,Siegelsuggeststhat______.A

half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweatherB

themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolvedC

mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepersD

half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies

该问题分值:1答案:D[解析]需根据最后一段进行推测。“对鸟类的研究或许能使人们以独特的视角了解睡眠。M.Siegel说，他认为鸟类的半睡眠‘只是冰山浮出水面的那一角’，并推断当我们更深入地研究其他物种时还会发现更多类似的例子。”故D项为正确答案。54.

Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause______.A

theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacksB

theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorestC

thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructur