山东省淄博市张桥中学2021年高三英语下学期期末试题含解析

山东省淄博市张桥中学2021年高三英语下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Althoughtheworkingmotherisverybusy,shestill_______alotoftimetoherchildren.

A.spends

B.offers

C.devotes

D.provide参考答案：C2.语音知识(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其画线部分与所给单词的画线部分读音相同的选项。1．count

A．moustache

B．country

C．route

D．downstairs

2．bank

A．winter

B．pencil

C．anxious

D．dance

3．vase

A．balance

B．candle

C．command

D．value

4．batheA.faith

B.cloth

C.maths

D.smooth

5．honest

A．holiday

B．human

C．exhibition

D．horrible参考答案：DCCDC略3.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage_______thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.A.where

B.that

C.when

D.which参考答案：B.解析：本题考查强调句型。迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句thatshehadboughtinthevillage。4.Duringmyfirstyearabroad,IwassobusystudyingandmeetingnewpeoplethatIdidnotphonemyparentsasoftenasI_______.A.should

B.would

C.shouldhave

D.wouldhave参考答案：C5.---SeemsthatJackisveryrich.Heisalwayschanginghiscars.Whatishe?---______,butIamnotquitesure.A.Somebodyofamanager

B.SomethingofamanagerC.Anyoneofamanager D.Anythingofamanager参考答案：B6.ActuallyyoucanmakelearningEnglishaprocess,________youcannotonlylearnmuchknowledgebutalsointerestingcultures.

A.which B.where C.when D.what参考答案：B7.从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。1.heightA.receive

B.seize

C.eight

D.either2.refer

A.offer

B.conversation

C.service

D.concert3.society

A.diet

B.relieve

C.belief

D.friend4.clothes

A.cloth

B.mouths

C.worth

D.breath5.shoot

A.foot

B.look

C.food

D.took参考答案：1-5

DCABC略8.

Ihear______boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.A.quitealot

B.quiteafew

C.quiteabit

D.quitealittle参考答案：B9.It’swidelyknownthatfirstaidis______importantandyoucansavelivesiftherightactionistaken.

A.rarely

B.hardly

C.scarcely

D.terribly参考答案：D10.一WhichofthoseEnglish-Chinesedictionariesdoyoulikemost?一

．Theyarebothexpensiveandoflittleuse．

A．None

B．Neither

C．All

D．Both参考答案：A11.——Whyareyouconsideringleavingthecompany?——BecausewhateverIdonever______myboss.A.satisfies

B.fits

C.meets

D.reminds参考答案：A

12.Itis_______tospendmoneyonpreventingillnessesbypromotinghealthylivingratherthanspendingittryingtomakepeople________aftertheyareill.A.good;good B.well;better

C.better;better

D.better;good参考答案：C13.Youhaveagiftforart.______youdoyourbest,youaresuretocreatefineartworks.A. Assoonas B.Evenif C.Incase D.Aslongas 参考答案：D14.Ican’tbelievethatanyoneelseintheschoolcanswimasfastasyou,________?A.canI

B.can'tthey

C.can'tyou

D.canthey参考答案：D略15.-----Won’tyoustayhereforlunch?

-----No,thanks.I______mymumatthestationat10:30.A.

ammeeting

B.havemet

C.meet

D.met参考答案：A16.Thiskindofsocialphenomenoncouldexistonlyforafewmonths，butitwilldisappear_____．A．innotime

B．onthetime C．atatime

D．atonetime参考答案：A二、填空17.IsHothouseEarthAvoidable?Nearly50yearsago,theClubofRome’sreport“LimitstoGrowth”warnedthatifeconomicgrowthcontinuedfastwithoutregardfortheenvironment,theworldcouldfaceecologicalandeconomiccollapseinthetwenty-firstcentury.Yetthatisessentially___21___hashappened.AsnewresearchfortheClubofRomeshows—andthelatestreportfromtheUnitedNationsIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)states—theworld___22___wellbeheadedtowardsdisaster.Manywrongly___23___(interpret)the“LimitstoGrowth”asanattackonuncontrolledeconomicexpansion.Infact,thereportarguedthat___24___theunlimited-growthpathwaywaschosen,itwouldrequirecomplementarypolicies(includingfunding)___25___(preserve)theplanet’slimitedlife-supportsystems.Thisargument___26___(ignore).Instead,theworldhascontinuedtopursuefastgrowth,withoutregardfortheenvironmentalconsequences.Thishasenabledustomakeenormousprogressinreducingpoverty,increasinglongevity,andincreasingwealth.___27___ithascomeatahighcosttotheformationofthesocietyandtherestorationoftheplanet.Asscientistshaveconclusivelyshown,inthelastdecade,wehaveenteredanewgeologicalera,theAnthropocene,inwhichhumanactivity—inparticular,economicactivity—hasbeenthedominantfactor___28___(influence)Earth’sclimateandenvironment.IntheAnthropocene,ourplanet’slife-supportsystemischangingfasterthanever.Climatechangenowrepresentsaclearandpresentdanger.Ifourplanetbecomesjust2°Cwarmerthanpre-industrialtemperatures,wemaybeplacedirreversiblyonthepathtoward“HothouseEarth”—asituation___29___temperaturesaremanydegreeswarmerthantoday,sealevelsareconsiderablyhigher,andextremeweathereventsare___30___(common)—andmoredestructive—thanever.参考答案：21.what

22.may/might

23.interpreted

24.if

25.topreserve

26.hasbeenignored

27.But

28.influencing

29.where

30.morecommon/commoner本文为说明文。最新报告表明，如果经济不考虑环境因素而继续快速增长，世界将在二十一世纪面临生态和经济崩溃，世界很可能会走向灾难，为此付出高昂的代价。如果我们不加限制，那么那时的气温会比今天高出许多，海平面会相当高，极端天气比以往任何时候都更常见、更具破坏性。【21题详解】考查表语从句。句意：但这是已经发生的事情。分析句子Yetthatisessentially___1___hashappened.可知，表语从句中缺少主语，根据上下文的语境可知，要用what。故填what。【22题详解】考查固定搭配。may/mightwelldo…为固定搭配，意为“很有可能”。主要用于加强推测的语气,表示具有较大的可能性。本处是指“世界很可能会走向灾难”。故填may/might。【23题详解】考查谓语动词的时态。根据下文的“Infact,thereportarguedthat…waschosen…”可知，本句是用一般过去时。此处是指“许多人错误地将‘限制增长’解释为对不受控制的经济扩张的攻击”。故填interpreted。【24题详解】考查语境及连接词。事实上，报告认为，如果选择无限增长的路径，就需要辅助性政策（包括资金）去保护地球有限的生命支持系统。分析语境可知，此处是一个假设，因此要用if。【25题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：如果选择无限增长路径，就需要辅助性政策（包括资金）去保护地球有限的生命维持系统。require…todo…，为固定搭配，意为“需要…..去做…”，因此本空要用动词不定式，故填topreserve。【26题详解】考查语境。根据下一句“Instead,theworldhascontinuedtopursuefastgrowth”可此，此处是指“这个论点一直被忽视”，因此要用现在完成时。主语Thisargument与谓语动词ignore二者是被动关系，是指论点被忽略，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故填hasbeenignored。【27题详解】考查语境及连词。句意：这使我们在减少贫困、延长寿命和增加财富方面取得了巨大进展。但它对社会的形成和地球的恢复付出了高昂的代价。分析前后两句可知，两句的内容是转折的，故填But。【28题详解】考查非谓语作定语。句意：人类活动，特别是经济活动，已经成为影响地球气候和环境的主要因素。分析句子“humanactivity—inparticular,economicactivity—hasbeenthedominantfactor___8___(influence)Earth’sclimateandenvironment”可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰表语factor，而factor与动词influence二者是主动关系，故要填influencing。【29题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们可能会不可逆转地走在通往“温室地球”的道路上——那儿的温度比今天高很多。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句。其中的situation是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，因此要填关系副词where。【30题详解】考查比较级。句意：极端天气比以往任何时候都更常见、更具破坏性。根据最后一句“andmoredestructive—thanever.”可知，此处是用比较级，因此填morecommon/commoner。18.Peopletendtoblametheexternal(外部的)forcewhenbadthingshappenandgivethemselvescreditwhengoodthingsoccur.Forexample,ifyoupassedanexam,theself-servingwouldleadyoutobelievethatitwasbecauseyoustudiedhard.Ifyoufailed,ontheotherhand,youmightbelieveitwasbecausetheteacherdidnotexplainthesubjectcorrectly,theclassroomwastoowarmoryourroommatekeptyouupallnightbeforetheexam.Socialpsychologistsdescribethisphenomenonasself-servingbias(自利性偏差).Anumberoffactorshavebeenshowntoinfluencetheself-servingbias.Generally,olderadultsmaketheinternalattribution,thatis,creditthemselveswiththeirsuccess.Menaremorelikelytomaketheexternalattribution,meaningtheytendtoblametheoutsideforcefortheirfailure.Oftenwhenapersonissad,thiskindofbiasmaybeopposite:theywillattributepositiveresultstotheoutsidehelporevenluck,andblamethemselveswhenbadthingshappen.ExpertssuggestthatwhilethisbiasisquitewidespreadinthewesterncultureincludingtheU.S.andCanada,ittendstobemuchlessfrequentintheeasterncultureincludingChinaandJapan.Why?IndividualistculturessuchastheU.S.placegreaterstressonthepersonalachievementandself-respect,soprotectingtheselffromfeelingsoffailureismoreimportant.Collectivistcultures,ontheotherhand,aremorelikelytoattributethepersonalsuccesstoluckandfailuretothelackoftalent.However,therearesomesituationswheretheself-servingbiashappenslessoften.Someresearchhasfoundthatpeopleincloserelationships,whethertheromanticrelationshiporfriendship,tendtobemoremodest.Yourfriendsoryourpartner,inotherwords,wouldremindyouwhenabadsituationmightbepartlybecauseofyourowndoing.Althoughthebiascanmeanavoidthepersonalresponsibilityforone’saction,inmanycases,itisadefensemechanismthatprotectsaperson’sself-respect.Byattributingpositiveeventstopersonalcharacteristics,peoplegetanincreaseinconfidence.Byblamingtheoutsideforceforfailure,peoplemakethemselvesbelievetheydon’tneedtoberesponsibleforthefailureandthusprotecttheirself-respect.Anotheradvantageofthisbiasisthatitleadspeopletopersevereeveninthefaceofdifficultsituations.Anunemployedworkermayfeelmoremotivatedtokeeplookingforworkifheattributeshisunemploymenttoaweakeconomy,forexample,ratherthansomepersonalfailure.Anathletemightfeelmoremotivatedtoperformwellifhebelievesthathisfailureduringapreviouseventistheresultofbadweatherratherthanalackofskill.Self-servingbiasTheconceptoftheself-servingbias?Theself-servingbiasmirrorsacommonphenomenonthatpeoplealwaysattributetheirsuccesstothe(71)

▲

reasonswhilefailuretotheobjectiveones.Factors(72)

▲

theself-servingbias?Theself-servingbiasislinkedto(73)

▲

andsender(性别).?Theself-servingbiasisalsoconnectedwithone’s(74)

▲

.Forexample,anunhappypersontendstoblamehimselfwhenbadthingshappen.?Different(75)

▲

backgrounds,whetherindividualistorcollectivist,alsohavemuchtodowiththeself-servingbias.Forexample,whenfacedwithfailure,theformerneedsmore(76)

▲

whilethelatterneedstobearappropriate(77)

▲

.?Thebiashappensless(78)

▲

whenpeopleareincloserelationships.Advantagesoftheself-servingbias?Thebiashelpsinprotectingaperson’sself-respectbyincreasinghisconfidenceand(79)

▲

himfromthepersonalresponsibilityforthefuture.?Thebiasprovidespeoplewithessential(80)

▲

,whichhelpsthemkeepstruggling.参考答案：71.subjective72.influencing/affecting/impacting73.age74.mood/emotion(s)/tection/encouragement(s)/comfort(s)77.responsibility78.often/frequently

79.freeing80.motivation三、阅读理解19.Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you’vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe’retheappleofourparents’eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe’regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics.butsometimesit’salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don’tallowdoubtstooccurinit.Itmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself-imagebecauseyoucan’tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself.Well,rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyourprimarytask.Ifyouthinkyou’resillybecauseyouaren’tgoodatmath,findatutor.Ifyouthinkyou’reweakbecauseyoucan’trunamile,gettothetrackandpractice.Ifyouthinkyou’redullbecauseyoudon’twearthelatesttrends,buyafewnewclothes.Butremember,justbecauseyouthinkitdoesn’tmeanit’strue.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf-ima