托福综合写作模板总结词汇总结

精选文档综合写作题型分类：单话题类/双话题类话题分类：生物生态类/商业经济/文学艺术/化石考古/燃料能源多样化表达：阅读：Thereading,thepassage,theauthor,thearticle听力：Thelistening,thelecture,thelecturer,theprofessor,thespeaker以为：believe,hold,suggest,support,pointout,advocate(提议，主张，平常不用于反对建议),claim辩驳：Criticizevt.责备criticismn.（crisisn.危机）Argue,challenge,doubt,disagree,refute,.Isquestionable..精选文档可是：However,although,ontheotherhand,incontrast,while,增添：Increase(n&vt),boost(boosttheeconomy)(n&vt使增添；推进；改良；使兴旺),maximize/maximization,addtosth(globalwarming)Improve/improvement,enhance/enhancement,heightenfortify/fortification(vt使加强，使抖擞),advance(vi&vt&n)expansion(usedinsize,number,amount),amplify(扩高声音、加强，加剧),enlarge（及物&不及物，扩大；～onsth进一步说明，详述）thrive降低：Decline(vi&n),decrease,minimize/minimization,reduce/reduction,cutdown,shrink(vi&vt)/shrinkageDamage,impair(vt,伤害，削弱),causedamageto,harm,hurtDestroy,destruction,dogreatdamageto,doharmto,ruin,catastrophicdamage，thedisastrousconsequence，endanger（vt危及，危害）影响：aftermath结果，余波the~of(animportantevent)affect副词：definitely，totally（disagreewith），strongly（influencedby）其余：Utility用途.精选文档Alternative/substitute：analternativetosth某事物的代替品；alternativesth备用，可代替sthsbsubstituteonethingforanother/onethingsubstituteforanother取代，代替asubstituteforsth代替品生物生态类：物种数目骤降/骤增分析原由：假说分析Hypothesis,explanation,cause,theoryPredator,predation,pollution,climatechange,habitat,insect,humanactionatlong-termenvironmentalexpense（Itexposesthefallacyofshort-termindustrialgainatlong-termenvironmentalexpense这裸露了以长远的环境损坏为代价换取短期工业利益的错误。）分析影响：生态问题Ecosystem,localspecies,foodchain,thenumberofA=Apopulationnative：意含对当地生态系统重要的、必不能够少的inevitable/unavoidable/inescapableindispensable.精选文档endangered/scarcespeciesgeneticallydiverse(多样化的)/geneticdiversity解决方案：生态保护Pesticide,assistedmigration,geneticmodification举措：waystoaddressthedeclineofthreesolutionsmentionedinthereadingpassageinanattempttodosth,sbdosthpresentthreesolutions/measures模板开头段Thereadingandthelisteningpresentoppositeviewsonthehypothesisofseaotterdecline（主题）.Thereadingadvocatesthepollutiontheory（看法A）whilethelisteningstressesonthepredationhypothesis（看法B）.*看法将原文的内容写全Thepassageandthelisteningmaterialholdcontraryopinionsonsalvagelogging.Thepassageholdsthatitbenefitsbothadamagedforestandtheeconomywhilethelisteningarguesitcancauselong-termenvironmentaldamageanditseconomicbenefitsarealsoquestionable.Thespeakerandtheauthorholddivergentattitudestowardthe.精选文档futureofcharitablegiving.Throughrelevantreasonsandexamples,thelecturerrefutesthepessimisticviewpointsstatedinthereadingmaterial.主体段First,thepassagesupportsthepollutiontheorybecause(原由A1),whichmightleadto（进一步原由A1）。However，thespeakerchallengesthat(原由B1)，so(进一步原由A1)seemimplausible.Ontheotherhand,thisstrengthensthe(看法B)becauseif(看法下的事实、推论，即对观点的另一种表述)，（看法下的进一步原由B1）Second,thelecturedisagreeswiththeclaiminthereadingpassagethat(原由A2)and(进一步原由A2-反面*).Shearguesthat用(看法B解说理由A2).（进一步原由B2），therefore（原由B2）.当阅读中出现反面的进一步原由/表达辩驳的细节时，应当写入而非省略，不然直接写听力的对应细节显得冒昧。看法重申，使逻辑更圆满。主体段落应当包含各自的看法和听力的辩驳原由。Finally,althoughtheauthorbelieves(原由A3)couldbecausedby进(一步原由A3),theprofessorchallengesthat(原由A3)canbebetterexplainedby(看法B)because理(由B3)+（进一步原由B3）..精选文档First,theprofessorpointsoutthaturbangrowth,whileharmfultosometypesofbirds,couldprovidehabitatsformanyothertypes.Asamatteroffact,This,however,contradictsthestatementinthereadingthat*Second,theprofessorexplainsthatwon’tasthereadingillustrates.contributeto.,makingitunnecessaryto*Third,whileconvincedoftheharmfulnessof.usedtobirdsconcludedinthepassage,theprofessordoesn’thinkitwillbeaprobleminthefuture,inthat..,andaretherefore.First,althoughthewriterpointsoutthat..,thelecturechallengesthat.Thesecondreasontheauthorgivesisthat(by..,becauseHowever,theprofessorarguesthatFinally,thespeakerrefusestheviewpointinthepassagethatbelievesthat..;.精选文档Accordingtothewriter,is..associatedwith..becauseof.Torebutthisidea,theprofessorclaimsthat.hisTtendency,contrarytotheviewinthepassage,will.Second,thepassagesaysthat,whilethelecturerarguesthatthismaygiveriseto( )..which,contradictsthepointmadeinthepassage.Finally,opposingtheauthor'sbeliefthatincur.greaterdeclines,theprofessorcontendsthateventhoughp,theywill.Thus,...Mine:Thespeakerandtheauthorholddivergentattitudestoward(Topic).TheauthorholdsthatwhilethespeakerarguesAccordingtothewriter,..isassociatedwith..becauseoTorebutthisidea,theprofessorclaimsthatThis.tendency,contrarytotheviewinthepassage,will.Thesecondreasontheauthorgivesisthat(by..,becauseHowever,theprofessorarguesthatFirst,thepassagesupportsthepollutiontheorybecause(A1),.精选文档whichmightleadto（进一步原由A1）。However，thespeakerchallengesthat(原由B1)，so(进一步原由A1)seemimplausible.Ontheotherhand,thisstrengthensthe(看法B)becauseif观(点下的事实、推论，即对看法的另一种表述)，（看法下的进一步原由B1）主体段阅读不详写时，首句可将阅读的看法写成从句论述听力看法的从句。Second,thelecturedisagreeswiththeclaiminthereadingpassagethat.ShearguesthatFinally,thespeakerrefusestheviewpointinthepassagethatShebelievesthat..;Finally,althoughtheauthorbelieves(原由A3)couldbecausedby(进一步原由A3),theprofessorchallengesthat理(由A3)canbebetterexplainedby(看法B)because理(由B3)+（进一步原由B3）.First,althoughthewriterpointsoutthat..,thelecturechallengesthat.Second,thepassagesaysthat,whilethelecturerarguesthatthismaygiveriseto(惹起，致使，发生),whichcontradictsthepointmadeinthepassage..精选文档Finally,opposingtheauthor'sbeliefthat.incurgreaterdeclinetheprofessorcontendsthateventhough,theywill.ThuSecond,theprofessorexplainsthatwon’tasthereadingillustrates.contributeto.,makingitunnecessaryto——ThenumberofTotteyainFloridaisnowdecreasingandthepassagepresentsthreesolutions/measures/optionstosavethemfromextinction.However,thelecturerarguesthatthesesolutionswon’tleadtosatisfactoryconsequencesatall.Firstly/secondly/Lastbutnotleast,theprofessorargues/claimsthat1asthereadingmentionsisunlikelytosuccess/unrealistic/won’tbeagoodmethodeither.ShetakesBlackLocusasanexample.ThefirstoptiontheauthorcomesupwithistoreestablishTotteyainitsoriginatedplace,wherethewetandcoolmicroclimateissuitableforTotteyatogrow.However,theprofessorchallengesthatTotteyawillunlikelytosurvivebecauseConsideringtheglobal.精选文档warmingandthedroughtofFlorida,itisimpossibleforto/However,theprofessorchallengesthatTotteyawillunlikelytosurvive.Sheclaimsthat,thusitisimpossiblefortoSecond,thelecturequestionstheoptiontomoveTot